RU2484585C1 - Method for initialising wireless devices for reading metre readings and apparatus for realising said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: in the method, a control computer system initialises at least one access point which, for reading devices, generates an initialisation command which bears information on the current time, the subnetwork address, the number of the initialisation command, the maximum number of relays in the initialised chain, the number of the relay in the chain; the initialisation command is transmitted with a repetition frequency which is sufficient for the reading device to switch from standby mode over a period of time ΔT_iin, which overlaps the sleep period; the reading device assigned by the relay which receives an initialisation command in the time interval ΔT_iin, which depends on the number of the relay in the chain, sets its clock to the corresponding wakeup time; relays initialisation commands to the next reading device and itself switches to sleep mode for a time (N-i)ΔT_iin, required for initialising all reading devices, where N is the maximum number of relays in the chain to be initialised, i is the number of the relay in the chain; at the end of the corresponding time NΔT_iin, the access point transmits information on completion of initialisation to the control computer system to query reading devices, after completion of which the reading devices return to random wakeup mode.

EFFECT: providing radio silence of a system beyond the device query time, without the need for constant initialisation of devices with self-contained powering, and high efficiency of using self-contained power supplies while restricting time for accessing the queried devices.

Description

The invention relates to the field of telecommunications, and more specifically to automatic systems for accounting of housing and communal services, accounting and the provision of information services and communication services, as well as monitoring of housing, engineering networks and communications.

A known system and method for initializing sleep and wake-up devices owned by Digi International Inc., a leader in the field of short-range wireless networks, in which, to synchronize the time of a device connected to the network, it is proposed to use the control buttons of an adjacent sleeping device, which implies the simultaneous presence of a person at two objects (US 8036138, publ. 11.10.2011).

In the known system, it is very difficult to organize the work when starting up and operating the system as applied to apartment metering devices, since it will be necessary to provide multiple access to each apartment; in case of initialization failures during operation, it will be necessary to provide repeated access to two neighboring apartments.

There is also a method of servicing devices that form a loop and are in sleep and wake mode on the network, in which it is proposed to temporarily reduce the wake-up period of devices from several hours to several minutes while performing service work on connecting new devices to the network (US 2011/0188419, publ. 08/04/2011).

In the known method, the complex organization of work during the start-up and operation of the system as applied to apartment metering devices, since it is necessary to ensure accurate arrangements for providing access to devices; in the event of synchronization failures, the collection of readings will be impossible until the service work at the facility is completed.

There is also a method of initializing sleeping devices in a wireless network, which describes the procedure for selecting a beacon that performs regular synchronization of the radio network (US 2010/0271993, publ. 28.10.2010).

In the known method, in order to maintain the network operability, it is required to periodically synchronize the wake-up time of devices. Therefore, the less frequently the survey is performed, the less effective the system becomes in terms of minimizing power consumption.

The closest analogue is the method of initializing sleeping devices in a wireless network, in which the access point for restoring time synchronization transmits commands to the devices until one of them answers, then the access point adjusts its clock to the time the devices wake up (US 2011/0274020, publ. 10.11. 2011).

In the known method, the awakening period of the devices can be several hours, during which it will be necessary to transmit requests over the air. However, there is no possibility of access to the radio network at any time.

A common drawback of all known solutions is the inability to achieve the required indicators to minimize energy consumption during periods of awakening up to one hour. The problem is that it takes several seconds to transfer data over a chain of repeaters in the ZigBee standard, and you also need to take into account the possible departure of the clock of individual devices, so the ratio of sleep time to listening time of the radio channel does not exceed 400: 1. Thus, there is no point in using long periods of sleep, since this only complicates the setup and maintenance of the system, in addition, the disadvantage is the need to use several microcontrollers in the systems to perform the functions of an energy meter, using additional amplifiers to increase the communication range, leading to increased consumption when transmitting and receiving over the air.

The technical result is the provision of radio silence (standby) of the system outside the device polling time, which consists in the absence of the need for constant initialization of devices with autonomous power; guaranteed access to any device in the radio network for a finite time comparable to the time taken to poll devices with network power, providing a mode of minimum power consumption in the standby mode for messages and increasing the efficiency of using autonomous power sources while limiting access time to the interrogated devices.

To this end, a method is proposed for initializing wireless devices for reading the readings of meters in arbitrary wake up mode with a ratio of the duration of the wake-up and sleep time intervals 1: S, where S is an integer, and some of these devices are assigned by relay devices to transmit commands through a chain from a point access, namely, that the computer control system initializes at least one access point, which for readers generates an initialization command that carries information on current time, subnet address, initialization command number, maximum number of repeaters in the initialized chain, relay number in the chain; the initialization command is transmitted with a repetition rate sufficient to exit the device for reading from the standby mode for a time ΔT _iinc , covering the sleep period; a reader designated by a repeater that _{receives an} initialization command in a time interval T _iinc , depending on the number of the repeater in the chain, sets its clock to the corresponding wake-up time; retransmits initialization commands to a subsequent reader, and switches to sleep mode for the time (Ni) ΔT _iinc , which is necessary to initialize all readers, where N is the maximum number of repeaters in the chain to be initialized, i is the number of the relay in the chain; the access point, after the appropriate time, NΔT _iinc, transmits information on the completion of initialization to the computer control system for polling readers, after which the readers return to random wake mode.

Moreover, the duration S of the sleep time interval for all readers is 400 times longer than the duration of the awakening time interval; each reader, which is a repeater, has a chain number from 1 to 15 and, accordingly, a unique network address from 4 to 247, other readers that are not repeaters have a network address of 0, the access point has a network address of 1 to 3.

The reader, not assigned by the repeater, as well as the repeater with the number i≥N, when receiving the initialization command from an arbitrary repeater with the number j, sets its internal clock for the corresponding wake-up time, and goes into sleep mode for the time (Nj) ΔT _iinc , which is necessary to initialize all readers.

The readers designated by the repeaters transmit the initialization command in turn in accordance with their number in the chain of repeaters, starting from the 1st and ending with the Nth number, where N = 1 ... 15, with each subsequent repeater transmitting its number repeater in the chain.

Readers assigned by repeaters with the same number i in the chain simultaneously transmit the same initialization commands, every second command is transmitted with reduced power, while repeaters with even and odd network addresses reduce the power in antiphase.

The reader performs an initialization cycle only if the initialization command number is different from the one received earlier and the subnet address obtained from the initialization command is equal to the device’s unique subnet address or zero.

The reader, upon completion of the survey, goes into the mode of random waking up with a ratio of the duration of the waking and sleeping time intervals of 1:50 with a constant period of waking up, then, in the absence of receiving commands after a time m * ΔT _{iinc, the} ratio changes to 1: 400, where m is the value, specified in the initialization command.

In the event of a malfunction of the reader, which is the main repeater, an additional backup reader is used, selected from those located at a close distance from the main one, while the parameters of the initialization command of the backup reader correspond to the commands of the main, failed one.

The reader assigned by the repeater, having the number i in the chain, not receiving the initialization command from the relay with the number i-1, then receiving the initialization command from the backup relay with the number k = i or from the relay with the number k> i, sets its internal clock at the appropriate wake-up time, then goes into sleep mode for the time (Nk) ΔT _iinc , necessary for initialization of all readers.

Readers are visualized by their serial number, and received signal levels are displayed using a variable color background, which displays the serial numbers of the readers.

The structure of a distributed network is displayed by cells of arbitrary location with serial numbers of readers inside the cells, and the number of readers from the access point to each reader is displayed using the color background of cells with serial numbers of devices.

The initialization system of wireless devices for reading the readings of meters in random wakeup mode with a ratio of 1: S wakeup and sleep time intervals contains a distributed network for delivering data on meter readings to a computer control system; wherein the distributed network comprises a plurality of devices for reading a parameter value of at least one sensor; some readers are assigned by the main repeaters for data transmission along the chain, a backup repeater from among the remaining readers is additionally assigned to each main relay; the distributed network contains at least one access point initiated by the computer control system, the access point is configured to generate an initialization command for the reader that carries information about the current time, subnet address, initialization command number, the maximum number of repeaters in the initialized chain, number a repeater in the chain, with a repetition rate sufficient to exit the reader from standby for a time ΔT _iinc , covering the sleep period; readers are _configured to receive an initialization command in an appropriate time interval ΔT _iinc , depending on the number of the repeater in the chain, and set their clock for the time of awakening; retransmission of the initialization command to the subsequent reading device and _entering sleep mode for the time (Ni) ΔT _iint , necessary to initialize all readers, the access point at the appropriate time NΔT _iint transfers information to the computer control system about the completion of initialization to interrogate the readers, after which readers return to random wake mode.

Figure 1 shows the initialization system of wireless devices for reading meter readings.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the initialization of the readers of the chain radio network.

Figure 3 presents the structure of the radio network with additional functions that increase the reliability of the system.

Figure 4 shows a diagram of the initialization of readers of a distributed network chain with additional functions.

Figure 5 shows the structure of a distributed network when polling readings.

Figure 6 shows a visualization table of readers with its serial number and the level of the received signal.

7 shows a visualization table of readers with its serial number and the number of the repeater in the chain.

The initialization system of wireless devices for reading meter readings (Fig. 1) comprises a distributed network for delivering data on meter readings to a computer control system; while the distributed network contains many readers 1 ... 16, some readers 1-15 are designated as main repeaters for data transmission in a chain, each main relay is additionally assigned a backup repeater from among the remaining readers; the distributed network contains at least one access point 0 initiated by the computer control system 17. Each reader is connected to meters of water, gas, electricity. The device can be powered from AC power or from an autonomous source. Any reader can act as a repeater, i.e. transmit commands addressed to other devices through itself.

In the system, devices with numbers from 0 to 16 are arranged in a chain to achieve the maximum communication range. The device with number 0 is an access point connected to the computer control system 17, the devices with numbers from 1 to 15 are repeaters, the device with number 16 is a terminal. Arrows with numbers from 20 to 38 indicate the sequence of actions when waking devices from sleep state. Devices 1 ... 16 in standby mode wake up at an arbitrary moment for a short period of time necessary to receive only one command from the radio channel, and fall asleep for a time limited to several seconds, while the ratio of the periods corresponds to no more than 1: 400. With a large number of devices 1 ... 16, the network can be woken up in parts, which reduces the operating time of a particular device in continuous reception mode. The survey is initialized from access point 0 connected to the computer control system 17, access point 0 issues initialization commands with a repetition rate sufficient to exit device 1 from standby for a time spanning the sleep period. To wake up the entire network after the transmission of the initialization commands by the access point 0, the transmission process continues to relay 1, then relay 2, etc. to the relay 15, thus, the time required to complete the operation depends on the period of awakening of the devices and the number of relays connected in series.

All readers after power-up are in standby mode, which does not require constant initialization, which ensures radio silence mode. Therefore, to install the system, one visit to each apartment at any convenient time is enough, the system is mounted in any order, adjustment and further maintenance of the system is carried out at any time through an access point to the public network without being present at the facility.

2 is an initialization diagram for a chain of fifteen repeaters. The numbers from 0 to 16 indicate the timing diagrams for devices from 0 to 16, respectively. The numbers 20 to 38 denote messages received by devices. The numbers 40 to 67 are numbered timestamps.

Until initialization, all readers wake up at any time. In the absence of initialization commands transmitted over the air, the reader wakes up for reception at time 40 and goes into sleep mode at time 41, then wakes up at time 42, etc. To ensure optimal consumption of resources of an autonomous power source, the ratio of the duration of the time intervals between the marks 40, 41 and 41, 42 should be no more than 1: 400.

Consider the sequence of actions after receiving the initialization command for the device 7. After receiving the initialization command 27, the device 7 is transferred to the minimum consumption mode at time 43 and remains in this mode until the end of the sequence of commands transmitted by the relay 6.

In the initialization command, the current time, the current relay level, the maximum number of levels and the subnet number to be woken up are transmitted. Upon receipt of this set of parameters, each reader calculates a point in time 66 to switch to the continuous reception of polling commands.

Until time 66, each device performs additional actions in accordance with its role in the radio network or is in minimum consumption mode, because at times 44 and 45, reception of commands from the radio channel is not performed. As a result of the described actions, the devices adjust their internal clock and wake up at the same time at time 66, providing the possibility of exchanging data through a chain of repeaters. The device 0 at time 66 transmits a response 38 to the computer control system 17, after which the device is polled. If there is no reception of commands for a predetermined time, all readers will automatically return to standby mode at time 67. To ensure the minimum operating time in reception mode, the devices are polled in the reverse order to their location relative to the access point.

In figure 3. shows the structure of a radio network with additional functions, where each wireless device 91 ... 99, indicated by a dotted line, consists of receiving and transmitting modules with even and odd numbers, respectively. Access point 91 consists of modules 1 ... 4, repeaters 92 ... 95 and 98 consist of modules 5, 6, 9 ... 16, backup relay 99 consists of modules 17 and 18, terminal devices 97 and 96 consist of modules 7, 8 and 19 , 20, respectively.

To perform initialization, a command 21 is received from the computer control system 17 to the receiving module 2, then the command 31 to the transmitting module 4 is transmitted via the internal interface. To exit the devices from standby mode, a special initialization command is used that has the minimum allowable set of parameters to reduce the transmission time of the command, transmitted without additional pauses, which allows readers to have a minimum listening time of the radio channel in standby mode.

The initialization command transmits the current time (hours, minutes, seconds), the time remaining until the end of the relay of the current level, the number of relay levels required to access the farthest reader, the subnet number to be woken up, the serial number of the synchronization command, and also the current relay level, increasing by one by the next relay.

The transmitting module 4 (Fig. 3) sends the initialization command 41 to the receiving module 5 via the radio interface, then the command 32 is transmitted via the internal interface to the transmitting module 6; Further, commands 42, 43, 44 are transmitted via the radio interface to receiving modules 7, 9, 11, respectively, receiving module 7 puts its terminal 97 into sleep mode before the end of the synchronization process, then commands 34 and 35 are simultaneously transmitted via internal interfaces to transmitting modules 10 and 12, respectively; further, the commands 45 and 39 are simultaneously transmitted via the radio interface to the receiving module 13, the one that creates a higher signal level at the receiving point is received, the transmitting modules alternately in each second command reduce power, which allows the next command to be received; further, command 36 is transmitted via the internal interface to transmitting module 14, then commands 46 and 47 are transmitted via radio interface to receiving modules 15 and 17, respectively; if command 46 was not received, then the receiving module 15 returns the device 95 to standby mode, the receiving module 17 of the backup relay 99 does not receive a command from the transmitting module 16 of the main relay 95, after which the module 17 sends the command 38 to the transmitting module 18 via the internal interface; Further, commands 48 and 49 are transmitted via the radio interface to receiving modules 19 and 15, respectively, receiving module 15, which has not received command 46 before, and receiving module 19, which is not a relay, put their devices 95 and 96 into sleep mode until the synchronization process is completed; the transmitting module 4 calculates the end of the synchronization process and transmits a command 22 to the transmitting module 1 through the internal interface, then the transmitting module 1 issues a command 23 to the computer control system, at the same time, all devices switch to the mode of continuous reception of polling commands from the radio channel. The reader initialization algorithm for interrogating a distributed network (Fig. 5) of sleeping repeaters allows access to each reader for a finite time, depending only on the number of repeaters between it and the access point.

Figure 4 shows the initialization diagram for a distributed network (figure 3) with additional functions. Charts from 1 to 20 (Fig. 4) correspond to modules from 1 to 20 (Fig. 3).

Non-relay devices 96 and 97 (FIG. 3) go into minimum consumption mode after receiving initialization commands 42 and 48, then devices 96 and 97 go into continuous reception of polling commands from the radio channel at time 56 (FIG. 4) calculated by the parameters obtained in the initialization command. Then, after a predetermined time after receiving the last command, the devices 96 and 97 go into standby mode at time 57.

Upon receipt of the initialization command, the devices 92 ... 95 and 98, which are repeaters, compare the current relay level with their level and, if the levels are the same, wait for the relay of the previous level to finish and then begin to transmit the initialization commands of the next level.

To provide flexibility in the construction of routes, simultaneous operation of single-level repeaters is allowed (in Fig. 3 these are devices 93 and 98), in which identical initialization commands are transmitted simultaneously by two or more devices. To eliminate collisions arising from the reception of two signals with similar levels, the transmitters at each transmission of the command change the power of the transmitted signal (teams 39 and 45, figure 4).

To ensure the reliability of the system during initialization, backup relays are used. The backup repeater (in FIG. 3 this device 99) is selected from devices located adjacent to the main one to ensure the same coverage area. Upon receipt of an initialization command with the same level, the backup relay 99, like the main relay 95, waits for the relay 94 of the previous level to finish, and then enters the mode of receiving initialization commands from the main relay 95. If successful, the backup relay 99 switches to the minimum mode consumption until the calculated time 56 of the transition to continuous reception of polling commands from the radio channel. In the absence of receiving initialization commands from the main relay 95, the backup relay 99 begins to transmit initialization commands to maintain the radio network. If the main relay 95 for some reason did not accept the initialization command 46 of its level and remained in standby mode, then upon receipt of the initialization command 49 of the next level, it enters the minimum consumption mode until the general moment 56 of the transition to the reception mode. Thus, situations associated with possible failures during data transmission over the radio channel of a distributed network in unlicensed frequency bands are eliminated.

To increase the likelihood of a successful reception of an initialization command in standby mode, the claimed algorithm uses an increase in the listening time of a radio channel in standby mode with a constant waking period. This algorithm is used by devices to reduce the consumed current for several minutes (time point 58, Fig. 4) after returning to standby mode with pauses in receiving initialization commands resulting from delays in public networks. In the absence of received commands within a few minutes, all devices return to standby mode with a minimum listening period of the radio channel (point in time 59, figure 4).

The initialization command is initiated by the computer control system 90 (FIG. 3) through the access point 91 from the public network. The transmitting unit 4 of the access point 91 sends the initialization commands, then calculates the time 56 of the transition of the devices to the mode of receiving polling commands over the radio channel of the distributed network, at the end of which it transmits command 22 to the transmitting module 1, which gives a response 23 to the computer control system 17.

Next, the computer control system 90 performs a survey of meter readings or service functions (figure 5).

For convenience, the execution of the initialization algorithm for polling a distributed network of sleeping repeaters of the reader is visualized by its serial number, and the levels of the received signal are displayed using a variable color background, which displays the serial numbers of the readers (Fig.6).

The structure of the distributed network is displayed by cells of arbitrary location with serial numbers of readers inside the cells, and the number of the relay in the chain is displayed using the color background of cells with serial numbers of devices. To do this, a table is built (Fig.6, 7), in the column of which the numbers of floors are indicated, and in even rows the numbers of apartments are indicated. The odd lines indicate the numbers of wireless data collection devices with reference to apartments. The table has an arbitrary format, it is allowed to bind several devices to one apartment.

A distinctive feature of the algorithm is the optimal combination of the average current consumption in standby mode and access time to the device.

As a result of using the claimed solution, it is provided:

The average current consumption in standby mode is not more than 45 μA, in reception mode - not more than 20 mA, in transmission mode - not more than 30 mA. The access time to the most remote device in the typical example is (1 + 11) · 7.5 = 90 seconds, the maximum time is (1 + 15) · 7.5 = 120 seconds.

In the claimed method and device in a distributed network with autonomous power supplies, the access time to the devices is reduced while maintaining energy consumption parameters.

The initialization algorithm for polling a distributed network of sleeping repeaters allows you to: get guaranteed access to all devices that are part of the radio network for a time not exceeding 120 seconds; use in one network readers with battery and mains supply due to the same initialization algorithm; provide a radio silence mode (sleep period) by eliminating the periodic network operation associated with the need to initialize the awakening of devices; ensure the optimal mode of device consumption in standby, receive and transmit commands over the air.

Claims (22)

1. A method of initializing wireless devices for reading the readings of meters in random wakeup mode with a ratio of the duration of the wake-up and sleep time intervals 1: S, where S is an integer, and some of these devices are assigned by relays to transmit commands in a chain from an access point consisting in the fact that the computer control system initializes at least one access point, which for readers generates an initialization command that carries information about the current time, Dres subnet number initialization commands, the maximum number of repeaters in a chain initialized, room repeater in the chain; the initialization command is transmitted with a repetition rate sufficient to exit the device for reading from the standby mode for a time ΔT _iinc , covering the sleep period; a reader designated by a repeater that _{receives an} initialization command in a time interval T _iinc , depending on the number of the repeater in the chain, sets its clock to the corresponding wake-up time; retransmits initialization commands to a subsequent reader, and switches to sleep mode for the time (Ni) ΔT _iinc , which is necessary to initialize all readers, where N is the maximum number of repeaters in the chain to be initialized, i is the number of the relay in the chain; the access point, after the appropriate time, NΔT _iinc, transmits information on the completion of initialization to the computer control system for polling readers, after which the readers return to random wake mode. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the duration S of the sleep time interval for all readers is 400 times the duration of the awakening time interval; each reader, which is a repeater, has a chain number from 1 to 15 and, accordingly, a unique network address from 4 to 247, other readers that are not repeaters have a network address of 0, the access point has a network address of 1 to 3. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reader, not assigned by the repeater, as well as the repeater with the number i≥N, when receiving the initialization command from an arbitrary repeater with the number j, sets its internal clock to the corresponding wake-up time, and switches to to sleep mode for the time (Nj) ΔT _iinz required to initialize all readers. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the readers designated by the relays transmit the initialization command in turn in accordance with their number in the chain of repeaters, starting from the 1st and ending with the Nth number, where N = 1 ... 15 , in this case, each subsequent relay transmits its repeater number in the chain in the initialization command. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the readers assigned by the relays with the same number i in the chain simultaneously transmit the same initialization commands, each second command is transmitted with reduced power, while the relays having even and odd network addresses, reduce power in antiphase. 6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the reading device performs an initialization cycle only if the number of the initialization command is different from that previously received, and the subnet address obtained from the initialization command is equal to the device’s unique subnet address or zero. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reading device, after the completion of the survey, enters an arbitrary wakeup mode with a ratio of the duration of the wake-up and sleep time intervals of 1:50 with an unchanged wake-up period, then in the absence of receiving commands after a time m · ΔT _iinc the ratio changes by 1: 400, where m is the value specified in the initialization command. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the event of a malfunction of the reader, which is the main repeater, additionally use a backup reader selected from located close to the main, while the parameters of the initialization command of the backup reader correspond to the commands of the main out of service. 9. The method according to claim 1 and 7, characterized in that the reader assigned by the repeater, having the number i in the chain, did not receive the initialization command from the relay with the number i-1, then received the initialization command from the backup relay with the number k = i or from a repeater with the number k>i; sets its internal clock to the appropriate wake-up time; then goes into sleep mode for the time (Nk) ΔT _iinc , which is necessary to initialize all readers. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the readers are visualized by their serial number, and the levels of the received signal are displayed using a variable color background, which displays the serial numbers of the readers. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure of the distributed network is displayed by cells of arbitrary location with serial numbers of readers inside the cells, and the number of the relay in the chain is displayed using the color background of cells with serial numbers of devices. 12. The initialization system of wireless devices for reading the readings of meters in random wakeup mode with a ratio of the duration of the wake-up and sleep time intervals 1: S, containing a distributed network for delivering data on meter readings to a computer control system; wherein the distributed network comprises a plurality of devices for reading a parameter value of at least one sensor; some readers are assigned by the main repeaters for data transmission along the chain, a backup repeater from among the remaining readers is additionally assigned to each main relay; the distributed network contains at least one access point initiated by the computer control system, the access point is configured to generate an initialization command for the reader that carries information about the current time, subnet address, initialization command number, the maximum number of repeaters in the initialized chain, number repeater in the chain; with a repetition rate sufficient for the reader to exit the standby mode for a time ΔT _iinc covering the sleep period; readers are _configured to receive an initialization command in an appropriate time interval ΔT _iinc , depending on the number of the repeater in the chain, and set their clock for the time of awakening; retransmission of the initialization command to the subsequent reading device and _entering sleep mode for the time (Ni) ΔT _iint , necessary for initialization of all readers, the access point at the appropriate time NΔT _iint , transmits information to the computer control system about the completion of initialization for polling the reading devices, after completion whose readers return to random wake mode. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the duration S of the sleep time interval for all readers is 400 times the duration of the wake-up time interval; each reader, which is a repeater, has a number from 1 to 15 and, accordingly, a unique network address from 4 to 247, other readers that are not repeaters have a network address 0, the access point has a network address from 1 to 3. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the readers not designated by the repeaters, as well as the repeaters with the numbers i≥N, are configured to receive an initialization command from an arbitrary repeater with the number j and set their clock for the time of waking up and switching to the mode sleep at a time (Nj) ΔT _iinc , necessary for initialization of all readers. 15. The system of claim 12. characterized in that the readers designated by the transponders transmit the initialization command in turn in accordance with their number in the chain of repeaters, starting from the 1st and ending with the Nth number, where N = 1 ... 15, with each subsequent repeater transmitting to initialization command your number in the chain. 16. The system according to p. 12, characterized in that the readers assigned by the relays with the same number i in the chain simultaneously transmit the same initialization commands, every second command is transmitted with reduced power, while repeaters having even and odd network addresses, reduce power in antiphase. 17. The system according to p. 12, characterized in that the reading device performs an initialization cycle only if the initialization command number is different from that previously received and the subnet address obtained from the initialization command is equal to the device subnet address or zero. 18. The system according to p. 12, characterized in that the reading devices after the completion of the survey go into a random wakeup mode with a ratio of the duration of the wake-up and sleep time intervals of 1:50 with a constant wake-up period, then in the absence of receiving commands after a time m · ΔT _iinc the ratio changes by 1: 400, where m is the value specified in the initialization command. 19. The system according to p. 12, characterized in that in the event of a malfunction of the reader, which is the main repeater, additionally use a backup reader assigned from located close to the main, while the parameters of the initialization command of the backup reader correspond to the commands of the main out of service. 20. The system according to p. 12, characterized in that the reader assigned by the repeater, having the number i in the chain, did not receive the initialization command from the relay with the number i-1, then received the initialization command from the backup relay with the number k = i or from the repeater with the number k>i; sets its internal clock to the appropriate wake-up time; then goes into sleep mode for the time (Nk) ΔT _iinc , necessary for initialization of all readers. 21. The system of claim 12, wherein the readers are visualized with their serial number, and the levels of the received signal are displayed using a variable color background, which displays the serial numbers of the readers. 22. The system according to claim 12, characterized in that the structure of the distributed network is displayed by cells of arbitrary location with serial numbers of readers inside the cells, and the number of the relay in the chain is displayed using the color background of cells with serial numbers of devices.

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