RU2484409C1 - Device for throwing of small bodies, based on effect of amplified cumulation of impact waves in porous media - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: testing equipment.

SUBSTANCE: device for throwing of small bodies based on effect of amplified cumulation of impact waves in porous media, comprises a steel body, a circular metal element of the body with a cavity to place an insert, a striker in the form of a metal disc, a pyrotechnical charge with an explosive, a detonating fuse to generate an impact wave in direction of the metal disc, a guide metal ring, a metal screen in the form of a plate. In the body there is a through hole for a missile small body of the cylindrical shape. The cavity is made in the form of a truncated cone, the insert is made from porous material.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase speed of throwing and to vary geometry of a missile body.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of testing materials and relates to the design of a two-stage explosive throwing device for throwing small bodies. The invention can be used for physical modeling of the impact on materials and structures of small-sized high-speed objects. For example, it can be used for physical modeling of the action of micrometeorites on spacecraft.

The study of high-speed shock phenomena is of significant interest from both a scientific and a practical point of view. Explosive throwing devices (G.I. Kanel, S.V. Razorenov, A.V. Utkin, V.E. Fortov. "Shock-wave phenomena in condensed matter" have been widely used in conducting such studies in laboratory conditions. M. : “Janus-K”, 1996, p. 408). Most academic applications use devices that provide high-speed throwing of flat metal plates. The impact of a flat metal plate on a flat target leads to the formation of a plane shock wave, behind which for some time the material under study is exposed to high pressures and temperatures. The flat loading geometry greatly simplifies physical measurements and interpretation of experimental results. For example, for conducting shock wave experiments with fullerene samples in the articles "VVMilyavskiy, TIBorodina, SNSokolov, AZZhuk Shock-induced phase transitions of C ₇₀ fullerite // Diamond and Related Materials. 2005. Vol.14. Issues 11-12. P. 1924-1927 "and" Vladimir V. Milyavskiy, Konstantin V. Khishchenko, Tatiana I. Borodina. Stepwise shock compression of C ₇₀ fullerene // Carbon. 2011. Vol.49. P. 2345-2351 "used explosive throwing devices that provide flat loading geometry. An explosive throwing device of a similar type is also part of the device described in RU 2006137056.

In RU 2006137056, B01J 3/00, publ. 04/27/2008 a device for the synthesis of crystalline carbine is described, comprising a housing vertically mounted sequentially on the base with a chamber for storing a storage ampoule, in which graphite material is placed and above which a hammer in the form of a metal disk is placed, as well as a pyrotechnic charge with initiation from the detonator to form an impact waves in the direction of the metal disk, a guide steel ring is installed under the explosive, in the cavity of which there is an impactor in the form of aluminum suit, which is placed at a distance above the cavity formed by the ring-shaped steel element of the housing, in the cavity of which a steel storage ampoule is installed, made of the lower part (base) and the cover, interconnected by a threaded connection, while in the internal volume of the storage ampoule there is an insert in the form a steel disk with a cylindrical recess in the central part for installing a fluoroplastic disk in it with a diameter repeating the diameter of the cylindrical recess and the surface of which is over the entire area lined with overlapping flakes of monochromatic quality graphite foil with a density of at least 2.2 g / cm ³ and a thickness of 10-20 μm, while after installing a fluoroplastic disk with flakes located on it overlapping relative to each other, the cylindrical recess is closed by another fluoroplastic and copper cork.

In this device, the pyrotechnic charge initiated by the detonator includes a plane shock wave generator of paraffin and explosive and the explosive itself. And the base plane of graphite coincides with the plane of the graphite foil, which ensures the orientation of the crystallographic axis “c” of graphite perpendicular to the plane of the shock front.

Adopted as a prototype.

This device coincides for a greater number of signs with the claimed device and, although it is not a throwing device, contains an explosive throwing device, which can be considered as the first step for the proposed two-stage explosive throwing device for throwing small bodies based on the effect of enhancing the accumulation of shock waves in porous media.

As mentioned above, explosive throwing devices providing a flat loading geometry are widely used in conducting academic research. At the same time, to solve a number of practical problems (in particular, the problem of breaking through barriers), it is necessary to conduct direct physical modeling of the effect of small-sized high-speed objects on materials and structural elements. When using explosive throwing devices of flat geometry, it is difficult to provide the throwing speeds necessary for such experiments, and a throwing element in the form of a flat plate, as a rule, does not meet the conditions of the simulated impact.

The present invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in increasing the efficiency of the device in terms of increasing the throwing speed when initiating a charge with one detonator and in changing the geometry of the missile body.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a device for throwing small bodies, based on the effect of enhancing the accumulation of shock waves in porous media, containing a ring-shaped metal body element vertically mounted sequentially on the base with a cavity for accommodating a liner above which a hammer in the form of a metal disk is placed, as well as a pyrotechnic charge with an explosive with initiation from a detonator to form a shock wave in the direction of the metal disk, under the explosive The device has a guide metal ring, in the cavity of which there is a drummer in the form of a metal disk, which is placed above the cavity of the body covered by a metal screen in the form of a plate, this cavity is made in the form of a truncated cone with its base on the side of the screen, the insert is made of porous material in in the form of a truncated cone, repeating the shape of the cavity of the body, and at the top of the cavity in the form of a truncated cone in the body, a through hole is made, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the device, in taken this position the small body of cylindrical shape, is subjected to methane.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by specific examples of execution, which, however, are not the only possible, but clearly demonstrate the ability to achieve the desired technical result.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of a two-stage explosive throwing device for throwing small bodies, based on the effect of enhancing the accumulation of shock waves in porous media;

figure 2 - scheme of throwing a small body;

figure 3 - calculated dependence of the throwing speed (average mass speed) (solid lines) and the speed of the free surface (dashed lines) of the missile cylinder made of aluminum when implementing the throwing scheme shown in figure 2.

According to the present invention, there is considered a device (Fig. 1) for throwing small bodies based on the effect of enhancing the accumulation of shock waves in porous media.

This device for throwing small bodies contains a ring-shaped metal element of the housing vertically mounted sequentially on the base with a cavity for placing an insert, over which a hammer in the form of a metal disk is placed, as well as a pyrotechnic charge with explosive with initiation from the detonator to form a shock wave in the direction of the metal disk , a guide metal ring is installed under the explosive, in the cavity of which there is a drummer in the form of a metal disk, the other is placed above the body cavity, covered by a metal screen in the form of a plate, the specified cavity is made in the form of a truncated cone with the base on the screen side, the insert is made of porous material in the form of a truncated cone, repeating the shape of the cavity of the body, and at the top of the cavity in the form of a truncated a cone in the housing, a through hole is made, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the device in which a small cylindrical body subjected to throwing is placed.

Figure 1, the following positions represent the structural elements of the device: 1 - detonator; 2 - a plane shock wave generator; 3 - explosive; 4 - a directing ring; 5 - firing pin A1 D16T with a thickness of 10 mm and a diameter of 90 mm (the approach speed of the firing pin is 2.5 km / s); 6 - columns; 7 - steel screen (steel 45) with a thickness of 5 and a diameter of 145 mm; 8 - steel casing (steel 45) with an outer diameter of 145 mm and a thickness of 18 mm, with a cavity in the shape of a truncated cone; 9 - a liner of a porous material in the form of a truncated cone is made of porous (1.65 g / cm ³ ) fluoroplastic with a height of 14 mm, with a diameter of a large base of 25.485 mm and with a diameter of a small base of 4 mm; 10 - throwable cylinder (A1 D16T, ⌀ 4 mm, height 4 mm).

An insert of porous material in the form of a truncated cone was made by directly pressing the fluoroplastic powder of the Ф4ПН grade into the conical cavity until the desired density was obtained.

In this device, the striker 5 is made in the form of an aluminum disk, and the pyrotechnic charge (explosive 3) with initiation from the detonator 1 is designed to form a detonation wave in the direction of the metal disk. Under the explosive 3 is installed a guide steel ring 4, in the cavity of which a striker 5 is placed, which is placed above the cavity covered by a steel screen 7 in the form of a plate 5 mm thick and 145 mm in diameter. A cavity in the form of a truncated cone is made in the housing for placement of an insert of porous material in the form of a truncated cone, the base of which is placed flush with the outer surface of the steel housing 8, on which the steel screen 9 is laid.

The device used a flat shock wave generator 2 (composition: P-1 paraffin (GOST 23683-89 - 150 g), explosive (composition A-IX-1, OST 384-636-72 - 150 g) and the explosive itself 3 (composition A-IX-1, OST 384-636-72 - 600 g).

Previously (Article "On Converging Shock Waves in Porous Media", authors A.A. Charakhchyan, I.V. Lomonosov, V.V. Milyavsky, V.E. Fortov, A.A. Frolova, K.V. Khishchenko, L.V. Shurshalov, “Letters in ZhTF”, 2004. V.30, issue 1, p. 72; Article “Numerical study of converging shock waves in porous media”, authors A.A. Charakhchyan, K.V. Khishchenko , V.V. Milyavsky, V.E. Fortov, A.A. Frolova, I.V. Lomonosov, L.V. Shurshalov, “Journal of Technical Physics”, 2005, V. 75, No. 8, p. 15) the authors predicted a new physical effect - the effect of enhancing the cumulation of converging shock waves in porous dah. The effect consists in the fact that the transition from a continuous loaded substance to a porous one in the problem of the accumulation of shock waves for substances with a certain type of equation of state leads to a significant increase not only in temperature, but also in pressure in the volume of loaded material. This nature of the pressure change with varying porosity differs qualitatively from the case of plane shock-wave compression, for which an increase in the porosity of the sample while maintaining other loading conditions almost always leads to a decrease in the maximum pressure in the sample.

Based on these results, a series of two-dimensional numerical calculations was performed to determine the specific configuration of a two-stage explosive throwing device for throwing small bodies, based on the effect of enhancing the accumulation of shock waves in porous media, and to select the most effective cavity filler material made in the form of a truncated cone. The selected scheme of throwing a small body is shown in figure 2. It has been established that in the proposed configuration of a two-stage explosive throwing device, an increase in the throwing speed of an aluminum cylinder placed at the top of a truncated cone filled in one case with a continuous (2.2 g / cm ³ ) and, in the other case, related to the effect of enhancing the cumulation of converging shock waves in porous media porous (1.65 g / cm ³ ) polytetrafluoroethylene, is ~ 1 km / s (throwing speed increases from 5.45 km / s to 6.45 km / s). Figure 3 presents graphs of the calculated dependence of the throwing speed (average mass speed) (solid lines) and the speed of the free surface (dashed lines) of the aluminum cylinder from time to time when implementing the throwing scheme shown in figure 2. Near the curves, the density of polytetrafluoroethylene filling the conical cavity is indicated. Figure 3 also shows similar dependencies for flat (one-dimensional) throwing geometry (shown under the symbol 1D).

The present invention is industrially applicable, can be manufactured using known technologies and materials. The novelty lies in the use of a porous substance with a special type of equation of state (for which the effect of enhancing the accumulation of shock waves in porous media is realized) to fill the conical cavity.

Claims (1)

A device for throwing small bodies, based on the effect of enhancing the accumulation of shock waves in porous media, characterized in that it contains a ring-shaped metal body element vertically mounted sequentially on the base with a cavity for accommodating an insert, over which a hammer in the form of a metal disk is placed, as well as a pyrotechnic charge with explosive with initiation from the detonator to form a shock wave in the direction of the metal disk, under the explosive installed a guide a metal ring, in the cavity of which a drummer in the form of a metal disk is placed, which is placed above the cavity of the body covered by a metal screen in the form of a plate, this cavity is made in the form of a truncated cone with its base placed on the side of the screen, the insert is made of porous material in the form of a truncated a cone that repeats the shape of the cavity of the housing, and at the top of the cavity in the form of a truncated cone in the housing, a through hole is made, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the device in which the small body is placed of cylindrical form, is throwing.

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