RU2484165C2 - Method of producing aluminium-silicon alloys and smelting-reducing hearth furnace to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: blend containing aluminium and silicon oxides and coal are fed into lined bath as well as power sufficient for smelting said blend and reducing oxides to metals so that aluminium-silicon alloy is formed. Coal fed in said blend is used as reducing agent. Melt bath volume is horizontally divided into reaction zone and settling zone. Power is fed by means of fuel-oxygen blasting into reaction zone bottom so that required temperature is ensured and melt is mixed by burbling by blasting and gases produced by coal coking, and aluminium and silicon oxides are obtained while coke residue carbon is partially oxidised and fuel is combusted. Formed melt is discharge from settling zone top part while slag melt is discharged from settling zone bottom and is loaded back into reaction zone top part for additional reduction. Note here that off-gases are discharged from the bath and burnt up in reheat chamber ahead of heat-recovery boiler.

EFFECT: higher efficiency irrespective of raw stock quality.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ferrous metallurgy, in particular to the production of aluminum-silicon alloys.

As you know, in its pure form aluminum is used little, mainly its alloys are used. Aluminum alloys - according to the method of manufacturing products from them - are divided into two groups: wrought (have high ductility in the heated state) and cast (have good fluidity).

Deformable alloys account for about 60% of those used, the remaining alloys are foundry. More than 90% of cast alloys and a part of those wrought in composition are aluminum-silicon, i.e. In total, aluminum-silicon alloys account for more than a third of all used aluminum alloys.

Today, the main way to obtain aluminum-silicon alloys is the fusion of technically pure electrolytic aluminum with technical silicon.

Currently, the only way to produce commercially pure aluminum on an industrial scale is the electrolysis of alumina in molten fluoride salts - the Eru-Hall process (Belyaev, A.I., Electrometallurgy of aluminum: scientific edition / A.I. Belyaev, M. B Rapoport, L.A. Firsanova. - M.: Metallurgy, 1953. - 287 p.). To do this, from rare minerals - high-grade bauxite - an intermediate product is obtained - alumina, from which technically pure aluminum is produced by electrolytic decomposition in electrolysis baths with calcined anodes and in electrolysis baths with a self-burning anode (Soderberg anode).

The main disadvantages of the method are:

1) the need to obtain an expensive intermediate product - alumina - from rare high-grade bauxite;

2) high energy costs due to the low efficiency of electrolytic cells (energy consumption for the main reaction is not more than 35-40%, the rest is heat loss to the environment);

3) low productivity of electrolytic cells (0.5-1.1 tons of aluminum from one electrolyzer per day) and, accordingly, high capital costs (i.e., to get, for example, about 300,000 tons of aluminum per year, you need to have about 750 1650 electrolyzers);

4) high costs for the production of carbon anodes or anode mass;

5) high costs of electrolyte - fluoride salts;

6) the release of highly toxic fluoride compounds into the environment;

7) high heat loss through the walls of electrolyzers and with exhaust gases.

An alternative method for producing aluminum from inexpensive aluminosilicates (kaolins and low-quality bauxites) is known - the Alcoa method, which was implemented by TOT Aluminum Corp. (Toth), is the chlorination of aluminosilicates with the subsequent decomposition of aluminum chloride by electrolysis on aluminum and chlorine in an electrolytic cell with a graphite cathode and anode ( Mintsis, M.Ya., Electrometallurgy of aluminum / M.Ya. Mintsis, P.V. Polyakov, G.A. Sirazutdinov. - Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2001 .-- 368 p., - p. 40-41).

The disadvantages of electrolysis of chloride melts:

1) the need to use very clean and dehydrated raw materials;

2) high costs for the intermediate redistribution - chlorination of aluminosilicate raw materials;

3) significant energy consumption for electrolysis (although a third lower than in the Eru-Hall process);

4) complex and expensive hardware design;

5) the technical difficulties of using chloride compounds.

Thus, when obtaining aluminum-silicon alloys by traditional methods of alloying technically pure aluminum with silicon, the operation of producing pure aluminum is very expensive, which leads to high costs for the finished product.

A known competitive method for producing aluminum-silicon alloys is the electrothermal production method in powerful ore-thermal electric furnaces (Gasik, M.I., Electric smelting of aluminosilicates / M.I. Gasik, B.I. Emlin, N. S. Klimkovich, S. I. Khitrik . - M.: Metallurgy, 1971. - 304 p.). The mixture is a mixture of aluminosilicate raw materials and a reducing agent - coke. The mixture is subjected to preliminary agglomeration or briquetting for subsequent loading into the bath. The charge is melted and the carbothermal reduction of aluminum and silicon is carried out in a bath with immersed electrodes by passing current through the melt. The charge is supplied by filling the melt surface into the near-electrode regions, where the temperature has maximum values. The release of the target product - aluminum-silicon alloy - is carried out periodically through the holes in the end walls. In one ore-thermal electric furnace per unit time, it is possible to obtain several times more aluminum-silicon alloy than primary aluminum in an electrolysis bath.

The disadvantages of the electrothermal production method:

1) the need for expensive preparatory conversions - sintering or briquetting the mixture;

2) in the furnace there are zones in which, due to insufficient temperature and weak convective mixing, it is impossible to create conditions for the complete processing of the introduced charge, hence the decrease in the yield of the target product;

3) significant energy costs;

4) the high cost of carbon electrodes;

5) high sensitivity of the process to the composition of the charge.

A known method for the production of aluminum-silicon alloy by reducing aluminosilicates in a molten bath with a carbon-containing reducing agent according to patent RU 2148670, we have chosen as a prototype.

The method consists in feeding a mixture containing aluminum and silicon oxides and a carbon-containing reducing agent into the bath. Also, sufficient energy is supplied to the bath to melt the mixture and to reduce oxides to metals. The energy for this is created by adding previously produced aluminum-silicon alloy to the charge, burning it with oxygen, and the oxide-containing charge is supplied during the burning of the aluminum-silicon alloy, and the reduction of oxides to metal is carried out by supplying a reducing agent, in particular converted natural gas or water-generating gas after completion of operations for the melt of oxide-containing mixture. Accordingly, the process is periodic, consisting of two consecutive operations.

As a melt oxide-containing mixture in the method it is proposed to use a concentrate of kyanite. Previously produced aluminum-silicon alloy is recommended to be added to the mixture in liquid form. When burning the alloy, it is advisable to introduce oxygen under the previously produced liquid aluminum-silicon alloy. It is recommended that the supply of kyanite concentrate during the burning of the aluminum-silicon alloy be initially placed on the surface of the liquid aluminum-silicon alloy.

As a carbon-containing reducing agent, hydrocarbons are used. This is either converted natural gas or water-generating gas, consisting mainly of a mixture of H ₂ and CO. In the absence of natural gas at the enterprise, it is advisable to have a gas generator in which gaseous fuel can be obtained from many types of solid fuel.

The reducing agent must be supplied in such a quantity that it is sufficient for the reduction of the aluminum and silicon oxides newly formed during the combustion of the aluminum-silicon alloy.

The described method is implemented in a melting unit, which is a furnace for the production of aluminum-silicon alloys by reduction of aluminosilicates. The furnace, like any unit of this type, contains a lined bath, a charge supply unit, outlet openings in the form of notches for the release of alloy and slag, tuyeres for oxygen supply, and also a window with a gas duct for the removal of process gases. An additional feature of the unit is that it is equipped with a device that allows using an electromagnetic field with an adjustable reduced frequency (from 0.5 to 2.0 Hz) to ensure rotation of the metal melt in the unit during certain periods of melting and thereby have a positive effect in the recovery period smelting and ensure efficient removal of aluminum-silicon alloy from the unit when it becomes necessary. During the period of removal of the metal melt from the unit, the number of melt revolutions relative to the cylindrical melting chamber of the unit increases, the metal rises along the wall of the chamber and merges in a specified amount through the notch. The specified furnace is selected as a prototype for the device.

The prototype method, compared with the electrothermal method, reduces energy costs for the production of aluminum-silicon alloy. However, it has several disadvantages.

First, the finished product — aluminum-silicon alloy — is on the market hundreds of times more expensive than conventional energy sources (coal, fuel oil, natural gas) as fuel for generating energy for melt the mixture and reducing oxides, which leads to high production costs for prototype.

Secondly, the process in the prototype is periodic, and periodic processes in metallurgy are always technically more complicated and more expensive than continuous ones.

Thirdly, it is proposed to use either converted natural gas or water generator gas, consisting mainly of a mixture of H ₂ and CO, which, from the point of view of thermodynamics, cannot reduce aluminum and silicon oxides to metals as a carbon-containing reducing agent.

As for the unit for implementing the prototype method, it should include an electromagnetic device for mixing the melt and the effective removal of the aluminum-silicon alloy, which makes it technically extremely difficult, energy-consuming and expensive.

Thus, the object of the invention is the development of an energy-efficient, high-performance and easy-to-implement method for producing aluminum-silicon alloys using widely used types of aluminosilicate raw materials (kyanites, sillimanites, kaolins, etc.).

The technical result of the invention is the creation of a continuous process for the reduction of an oxide-containing mixture in a bubbled liquid bath using cheap fuel as an energy carrier.

The proposed method, like the prototype, is based on the reduction of aluminosilicates in a molten bath with a carbon-containing reducing agent. The method includes feeding into the bath a mixture containing aluminum and silicon oxides and a carbon-containing reducing agent, the release of alloy, slag and exhaust gases. In addition, sufficient energy is introduced into the bath to melt the mixture and to reduce oxides to metal.

Unlike the prototype, the entire volume of the bath is horizontally divided into a reaction zone and a settling zone. The heat required for melting the charge and reduction reactions is provided by the energy of oxidation (combustion) of the fuel. To do this, carry out fuel-oxygen blasting in the lower part of the reaction zone of the molten bath. As fuel, depending on the availability and economic efficiency, coal, fuel oil, natural gas can be used. This ensures the achievement of the required temperature and mixing of the melt by sparging it with the supplied blast and gases generated as a result of coking of coal, reduction of aluminum and silicon oxides, partial oxidation of carbon of the coke residue and fuel combustion. Due to the intensive mixing of the melt, the reduction reactions proceed throughout the entire reaction zone more intensively than in the prototype.

The reducing agent used is coal supplied as part of the charge. For this, in particular, widespread non-coking steam coal can be used.

The alloy is produced from the upper part of the settling zone, and the slag melt is removed from the lower part of the settling zone and re-loaded into the upper part of the reaction zone for further reduction. Exhaust gases are removed from the bath and burned in the afterburner in front of the recovery boiler.

Thus, the horizontal separation of the furnace volume into the reaction zone and the settling zone allows you to separate aluminum-silicon alloy and slag-metal melt and to remove lighter than slag-metal melt, aluminum-silicon alloy from the settling zone, where it is in a calm state , i.e. it becomes possible to use the method of reduction melting in a liquid bath to obtain light aluminum-silicon alloys.

The charge in the proposed method is carried out depending on the size of its particles. Lump mixture is loaded from above into the reaction zone directly on the surface of the melt. When using a fine mixture, the crushed aluminosilicates in a mixture with fine coal or coal dust are blown into the reaction zone with nitrogen into the upper part of the melt. Nitrogen is used instead of air blast to prevent air oxygen from entering the upper part of the reaction zone, because the ingress of oxygen will lead to reverse oxidation reactions of the target product - aluminum-silicon alloy.

The furnace for the production of aluminum-silicon alloys by the reduction of aluminosilicates contains a lined bath with cooled caissons, a window with a gas duct for the removal of process gases, a feed unit for the charge, tuyeres, and outlet openings in the form of notches for the release of alloy and slag melt. Unlike the prototype, the bath is horizontally divided into a reaction zone and a settling zone. Tuyeres for supplying a fuel-oxygen mixture are installed in the lower part of the reaction zone. Letters are made directly in the furnace wall in the settling zone, with a notch for the release of aluminum-silicon alloy made in the upper part and a notch for the release of slag-metal melt made in the lower part of the settling zone. The flue for the removal of process gases is connected to the afterburner and the waste heat boiler.

The reaction zone and the settling zone can have a conditional separation in a single furnace volume, while the settling zone has a considerable length, and the separation by a partition into two separate volumes - with passages in the partition to transfer melt and gases from the reaction zone to the settling zone - to reduce the length of the zone of sedimentation.

The feed unit of the charge, depending on the size of its particles, can be made in two versions. The feed unit of the lump mixture is made in the form of loading hatches having a lock structure in the upper part of the furnace above the reaction zone. The feed unit of the fine charge is in the form of tuyeres associated with a nitrogen and charge feed device and located in the walls of the reaction zone above the tuyeres for supplying oxygen-fuel blast.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where schematically in figure 1 in longitudinal section and figure 2 in cross section shows the design of the furnace for smelting reduction in a liquid bath with a loading unit of lump mixture, and figure 3 and figure 4 is the same furnace , in longitudinal and transverse sections, respectively, but for the design option with the loading of a finely divided charge and with a partition between the zones.

In the drawings indicated:

1 - metal frame of the furnace;

2 - refractory lining of the furnace;

3 - reaction zone;

4 - zone of sedimentation;

5 - side walls of the bath;

6 - end walls of the bath;

7 - caissons;

8 - tuyeres for fuel and oxygen blasting;

9 - a window for the removal of process gases with a gas duct (pharmacy);

10 - hatches for loading the charge (estrus);

11 - tuyeres for blowing the mixture;

12 - outlet - tap hole for the working release of aluminum-silicon alloy;

13 - outlet - letka for the working release of slag-metal melt;

14 - letka (hole) for the complete release of the furnace melt at a stop;

15 - along the bottom of the furnace;

16 - siphon pocket for pouring slag-metal melt;

17 - a partition for separating the reaction zone and zone of sedimentation;

18 - passage in the partition for gas bypass;

19 - passage in the partition for melt bypass.

The furnace is designed to carry out the process of liquid-phase reduction of an aluminum-silicon alloy. Structurally, all parts of the furnace are united by a metal frame 1 and have a common refractory lining 2. The frame 1 of the furnace takes up efforts when expanding the masonry of the lining 2 during heating during drying periods and during operation of the furnace. The design of the frame 1 provides access to the inside of the furnace for lining and repair work.

The lined furnace bath is divided horizontally into a reaction zone 3, in which the main reduction reactions occur during the bubbling of slag-metal melt by reaction gas flows, and a settling zone 4. The reaction zone 3 and settling zone 4 can have a conditional separation in a single furnace volume (as this is shown in Figs. 1 and 2), while the settling zone has a considerable length, and the partition 17 separates into two separate volumes — with a passage 18 in the partition for bypassing gases and a passage 19 in the partition for bypassing melt from the reaction zone 3 to zone 4 sedimentation (see Figures 3 and 4.) - to reduce the length of the settling zone. Structurally, the furnace is made in the form of an inverted truncated pyramid and has a rectangular shape in a horizontal section. In the end wall 6 of the furnace from the side of the settling zone at different heights, there are outlet openings 12 and 13 - slots - for the release of aluminum-silicon alloy and slag-metal melt, respectively, as well as a notch 14 (hole) for the complete release of the furnace melt when stopped.

Lateral 5 and end 6 walls of the bath are lined with copper pipes from the inside - caissons 7, cooled by chemically pure water. The caissons 7 of the reaction zone 3 of the bath are located in the zone of intense bubbling of slag-metal melt by flows of reaction gases and are subjected to thermal and mechanical stress. The formation of a slag skull on them reduces heat loss and eliminates their wear. In this way, the problem of the destruction of the lining in the places of the most aggressive exposure to gas-slag-metal emulsion is solved. In the space above the melt, the furnace walls are lined with cooled steel caissons. Hearth 15 and the lower part of the furnace bath are lined with refractory bricks. In this zone, lining 2 is in more favorable conditions at a constant temperature without oxidizing and mechanical influences. Nevertheless, for the recovery of heat and the creation of a protective layer of the skull in order to increase the service life of the lining in this zone, it is also possible to use cooled caissons.

In the lower rows of the caissons, except for the corner ones, lances 8 were installed in the reaction zone 3 for purging the melt with a fuel-oxygen mixture. In the area of the tuyeres 8, the side walls 5 of the bathtub are vertical. At the level of the upper rows of the caissons 7, the side walls 5 are made with a slope that ensures the expansion of the bath in the upper part. The bath zone above the melt also has a horizontal section in a rectangular shape. In the settling zone 4, a window is made for the removal of process gases with a gas duct 9 (pharmacy). The flue 9 for the removal of process gases is connected to the afterburner and the waste heat boiler, not shown in the drawings. The rest of the bath is covered by refrigerated vaulted caissons.

For a constructive version of the furnace shown in figure 1 and figure 2, provides for the loading of lump mixture from above on the surface of the melt. The charge loading unit is hatches 10 (estrus), which are connected by conveyors to bunkers not shown in the drawings. Hatches 10 (estrus) have a lock design to exclude emissions of exhaust process gases when loading the charge, as well as to exclude air leaks into the reducing atmosphere of the furnace.

For a constructive version of the furnace with a fine charge in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the charge loading unit is tuyeres 11 for injecting the charge with nitrogen, made in the side walls 5 of the bath in the region of the reaction zone 3 above the tuyeres 8 of fuel-oxygen blasting.

The use of cooled caissons 7 in the reaction zone 3 and settling zone 4 allows you to provide the necessary duration of the furnace, which is impossible when using the lining without caissons. The heat fluxes through the cooled caissons 7, which are lined with the internal walls of the furnace, are higher than through the layer of refractory lining 2. But the formation of a skull on cooled surfaces can reduce heat loss.

At the level of the hearth 15 of the furnace, a notch 14 (hole) is provided for the complete release of the furnace melt at a stop.

Slag-metal melt is reverse, because contains in the slag component unreduced oxides of aluminum and silicon. Therefore, the slag-metal melt is drained through the corresponding outlet 13 into a ladle, which is lifted by a crane to pour the specified slag-metal melt back into the furnace, into the region of the reaction zone 3, through a special siphon pocket 16.

The implementation of the method will be considered on the example of the operation of the furnaces depicted in figure 1 and figure 3.

Aluminosilicate materials and coal from the respective bunkers are fed to a single conveyor using weigh batchers. The charge is loaded into the furnace according to the first constructive option through the hatches 10 (estrus) in the roof of the bath, while there are no strict requirements for the particle size distribution of the charge materials, and there is no need to sort the materials by size. According to the second constructive option, when using a fine mixture, the crushed aluminosilicates in a mixture with fine coal or coal dust are blown with nitrogen into the slag-metal melt through the upper row of tuyeres 11. Before loading, it is not necessary to pre-mix the charge materials. Mixing is provided directly in the slag-metal bath due to its intensive bubbling in the reaction zone by 3 flows of reaction gases.

A mixture of fuel and oxygen is blown into the furnace bath through the lower tuyeres 8, which are under a layer of slag-metal melt. The flow of reaction gases provides the necessary power for bubbling slag-metal melt.

Aluminosilicate materials, getting into the layer of a mixture of slag and a metal containing coal sparged by the flows of reaction gases, melt. Oxides of aluminum and silicon are reduced by carbon carbon. The bulk of the aluminum and silicon obtained by reduction, in the form of metal droplets under the action of a lower density compared to the slag component of the melt, float to the surface of the bath, where they are mixed with the slag phase due to bubbling. Part of the reduced aluminum and silicon remain dissolved in the slag phase in the entire volume of the furnace melt. Thus, in the reaction zone 3 of the furnace vertically, two layers of melts are formed:

1) a layer of a calm mixture of slag and aluminum-silicon alloy between the hearth 15 of the furnace and the lower tuyeres 8;

2) a layer of a mixture of slag and aluminum-silicon alloy sparged by the flows of reaction gases between the lower tuyeres 8 and the gas phase.

In settling zone 4, in the absence of bubbling, the slag-metal layer flowing from the reaction zone is stratified into separate phases: the upper layer is aluminum-silicon alloy, and the lower layer is slag with partially dissolved reduced metals. Due to the lower density, the aluminum-silicon alloy forms the uppermost phase.

Thus, in the zone of sedimentation 4, two calm layers of melts are formed:

1) the bottom layer is a slag-metal melt;

2) the top layer is aluminum-silicon alloy.

Let us consider separately the purpose of each zone in layers and the processes taking place in them.

The reaction zone is a layer of a calm mixture of slag and aluminum-silicon alloy. This layer occupies a volume between the hearth 15 of the furnace and a height below the fuel-oxygen tuyeres 8. No reactions occur in this layer.

The reaction zone is a layer of bubbled mixture of slag and aluminum-silicon alloy. A layer of a mixture of slag and aluminum-silicon alloy sparged by the flows of reaction gases is located above the level of a calm mixture up to the gas phase. Its height is determined by the level of gas saturation. The boundary between the still layer and the mixture of slag and aluminum-silicon alloy sparged by the flow of reaction gases is relatively arbitrary.

In this layer, all the main physicochemical processes of the interaction of oxygen in the blast with fuel and the reduction of aluminum and silicon by carbon carbon occur. Although the slag-metal melt in this layer is actively mixed by the flows of reaction gases, it is impossible to evenly mix coal in it. This is due to both the large difference in the densities of coal and slag-metal melt, and the non-wettability of coal by slag-metal melt. In the lower part of the bubbling layer there is a region with an oxidizing potential, which gradually turns into a completely reducing one in the very upper part.

In the upper part of the slag-metal melt layer sparged by the flows of reaction gases, the amount of mixed coal increases in height, and its highest concentration is observed near the surface, at the interface between the gas phase and the melt. It is here that the main physicochemical processes of reduction of aluminum and silicon take place.

The aluminosilicate material fed from above through loading hatches 10 (according to the first structural variant of the furnace) or by blowing through the upper row of tuyeres 11 (according to the second structural variant) into reaction zone 3 is melted and dissolved in a bubbling slag-metal melt. At the same time, direct reduction of aluminum and silicon, as well as impurity elements occurs, both with fixed carbon of coal and with pyrolytic carbon of volatile coal.

In addition, in this zone, evaporation and the transition to the gas phase of the volatile components of the charge occurs. Thus, the reaction zone 3 of the furnace with a mixture of slag and aluminum-silicon alloy sparged by the flow of reaction gases is responsible for the composition of the obtained melting products.

Zone of sedimentation. The main process taking place in the settling zone 4 is the separation of the slag-metal melt with the release of aluminum-silicon alloy in the upper layer of the zone.

For the separate release of aluminum-silicon alloy and slag-metal melt, the corresponding outlet openings 12 and 13 are used - letlets - which provide continuous release of melting products at a speed corresponding to the unit's output. With low productivity, output may be periodic.

The temperature of the aluminum-silicon alloy at the outlet of the furnace is approximately 1900-2000 ° C. The alloy is sent to cool to a eutectic temperature to crystallize silicon from the alloy to a level of about 12-13% (mass.).

The resulting alloy can be used in metallurgical production to obtain silumins of various compositions by mixing with technically pure electrolytic aluminum and the corresponding alloys, and can be sent for additional purification by various refining methods to obtain technically pure aluminum.

The slag-metal melt obtained during the operation of the furnace contains unreduced aluminum and silicon oxides in the slag component, therefore, it is reverse and is poured back into the reaction zone 3 of the unit.

Process gases released from the furnace at a temperature within 2000 ° C are discharged through a window with a water-cooled gas duct 9 (pharmacy) into the afterburner. There, they are burned out at the expense of the supplied air or oxygen and enter the waste heat boiler, where they are cooled to 220 ° C, after which they enter the gas treatment and are released into the atmosphere through the chimney.

By utilizing the heat of the process gases leaving the furnace, a pair of energy parameters is generated in the waste heat boiler.

Claims (6)

1. Method for the production of aluminum-silicon alloys by reduction of aluminosilicates by carbon in a melt pool, comprising supplying a mixture containing aluminum and silicon oxides and coal, and energy sufficient to melt the mixture and reduce oxides to metal with the formation of an aluminum-silicon alloy, the release of alloy and slag and exhaust gases, characterized in that as the reducing agent use coal supplied in the composition of the mixture, and the entire volume of the melt pool is horizontally divided into a reaction zone and a settling zone, for energy, it is carried out by supplying fuel-oxygen blast to the lower part of the reaction zone to ensure that the required temperature is reached and the melt is stirred by sparging it with supplied blast and gases resulting from coking of coal, reduction of aluminum and silicon oxides, partial oxidation of carbon of the coke residue and combustion fuel, and the alloy is produced from the upper part of the settling zone, and the slag melt is removed from the lower part of the settling zone and re-loaded into the upper Part of the reaction zone to recovery, while the exhaust gases are removed from the bath and afterburning in the afterburning chamber before the recovery boiler. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply of lump mixture is carried out by loading from above into the reaction zone directly on the surface of the melt. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply of finely dispersed charge is carried out by blowing it with nitrogen into the reaction zone in the upper part of the melt. 4. Furnace for the production of aluminum-silicon alloys by the reduction of aluminosilicates by carbon in a melt bath, containing a lined bath with cooled caissons, a window with a gas duct for the removal of process gases, a charge supply unit, tuyeres, and outlet openings in the form of notches for the release of alloy and slag melt, characterized the fact that the bath is horizontally divided into a reaction zone and a settling zone, tuyeres for supplying a fuel-oxygen mixture are made in the lower part of the reaction zone, an outlet for releasing the alloy it is filled in the upper part of the settling zone, the outlet for the release of slag melt is made in the lower part of the settling zone, and the gas duct for the removal of process gases is connected to the afterburner and the recovery boiler. 5. The furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that the feed unit of the lump mixture is made in the form of loading hatches - leakage locks in the upper part of the furnace. 6. The furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that the fine charge feed unit is made in the form of tuyeres located in the walls of the reaction zone above the tuyeres for supplying oxygen-fuel blast and associated with the nitrogen and charge supply device.

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