RU2483404C2 - Compact antenna system for reducing multibeam signal reception effect with integrated receiver - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: antenna has a conducting housing in form of a first cavity which particularly accommodates a signal processing circuit, a navigation receiver, position or tilt angle sensors, a signal port for output of obtained radio signals, a top antenna element and a coaxially lying bottom antenna element, the top antenna element consisting of: a radiating plate lying over a shielding plate; the bottom antenna element consists of a shielding plate below which there is a flat plate; the top antenna element lies such that its shielding plate lies near the surface or at least part of the surface of the shielding plate of the bottom antenna element. The top and bottom antenna elements have a different degree of electromagnetic interaction with the signal port. The plate of the bottom antenna element lies on the first cavity on the side of the outer surface.

EFFECT: reduced multibeam reception effect.

24 cl, 45 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to antennas, and in particular to microstrip antennas for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). GNSS systems allow you to quickly determine your location with high accuracy anywhere in the world, regardless of weather conditions.

State of the art

Currently, the use of microstrip antennas (MPAs) for GNSS requires a wide bandwidth, which is necessary to ensure the reception of a signal at two different frequencies from satellites belonging to different positioning systems, such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, etc.

Known microstrip antennas have a number of disadvantages. In particular, when receiving signals from satellites due to the different geometry of signal propagation and the presence of reflected signals from the earth and various objects, the effect of multipath signal reception arises. So, the signal received by the antenna is a combination of a direct signal and a reflected signal. The presence of the latter leads to distortion of the amplitude and phase of the received signal, which negatively affects the operation of the system.

. Указанная характеристика D/U(θ) равна отношению уровня диаграммы направленности (ДН) в задней полусфере под каким-либо углом к уровню ДН в передней полусфере под зеркальным углом. На практике для оценки частотных свойств часто используется параметр D/U(θ) по углу 90°, который принято называть зенит D/U(90°).For effective operation, the antenna must provide a number of characteristics in the required frequency band, such as the standing wave coefficient (SWR) and the desired radiation pattern properties. So, to assess the ability of the antenna to suppress the signal reflected from the underlying surface, the down / up ratio is used, i.e.

. The indicated characteristic D / U (θ) is equal to the ratio of the level of the radiation pattern (MD) in the rear hemisphere at any angle to the level of the radiation pattern in the front hemisphere at a specular angle. In practice, to evaluate the frequency properties, the D / U (θ) parameter is often used along an angle of 90 °, which is commonly called the Zenith D / U (90 °).

Typically, to reduce the effect of multipath reception, a large flat screen is used or designs such as choke rings are used. However, such designs have large dimensions and weight.

To reduce the size of the antenna system while maintaining the coefficient D / U (θ) at an angle of 90 ° within appropriate limits, the technical solution WO 2004027920, publ. 04/01/2004 - [1], in which the GPS antenna system is disclosed to reduce the effect of multipath signal reception. Such an antenna has a sufficiently effective design, which allows you to reduce the effect of multipath signal reception, as well as to provide sufficient bandwidth for SWR, but does not allow it to be installed directly above the surface of the vehicle. Also, in this design, for given sizes, a relatively narrow range of operating frequencies, in which the multipath signal is suppressed by Down / Up 90 °.

For some GNSS applications, it is required to mount an antenna with a receiver on the vehicle. However, most existing antennas are designed and developed for installation on geodetic racks / tripods at a certain height above the underlying surface. If such antennas are installed close to or adjacent to the vehicle’s conductive body, the antenna screen’s performance decreases, which leads to an increase in the level of multipath interference.

For the effective operation of the system as a whole, it is necessary to reduce multipath interference from the conductive surface of the vehicle. Thus, there is a need to overcome the above problems. For this purpose, an antenna system design has been proposed that, in comparison with the known structure [1], allows its installation directly on a flat metal surface, for example, on the roof of a vehicle, while ensuring effective suppression of multipath signal reception and the possibility of placing the navigation receiver at a separate level , which is a closed cavity.

Also in the second embodiment, due to the use of the special design of the lower antenna element and the features of the proposed bent elements on the plates, the total weight of the antenna is reduced, since no dielectric is used; and also provides an additional extension of the frequency band for both SWR and Down / Up 90 °, ease of manufacturing and tuning of the antenna and the possibility of placing an additional level with the printed circuit board of the LNA inside the antenna volume.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, an antenna system for receiving a radio signal is provided, comprising: an upper antenna element and a lower antenna element coaxially located below it. The upper antenna element consists of: a radiating plate located opposite and above the shielding plate, which is a screen with respect to the radiating plate, and an excitation system ending in a signal port, which is designed to input / output radio signals received by the said antenna system.

The lower antenna element consists of a shielding plate, under which a plate is located opposite to it, and the said shielding plate is a screen for this plate. The lower antenna element is arranged so that the shielding plate of the upper antenna element is located close to the surface or at least part of the surface of the shielding plate of the lower antenna element. Thus, the radiating plate of the upper antenna element is located closer to the shielding plate of the lower antenna element than to the plate of the lower antenna element.

The lower antenna element has a similar (mirror) design of the upper antenna element. At the same time, its overall dimensions may differ from the dimensions of the upper antenna element and are determined when tuning the antenna.

The plate of the lower antenna element from the outer surface side is placed on a conductive closed cavity of a certain size, the upper antenna element is directly connected to the signal port, and the lower antenna element is excited by electromagnetic interaction with the upper antenna element.

As the excitation system, excitation pins, microstrip lines, etc. can be used. A pin driver is used to create linear polarization. To excite circular polarization, the excitation of the emitting plate is carried out by means of an excitation system consisting, for example, of: excitation pins and a bridge, which is located, for example, on the inside of the plates. The bridge provides the necessary phase shift between the output signals in a wide frequency band. For circular polarization, you can use two pins passing through the antenna plate and connecting the bridge output to the radiating plate - the emitter.

It should be noted that the signal port refers to the location where the radio signals received by the antenna are available for use, for example in a low-noise amplifier or coaxial cable.

The upper antenna element has a signal port, which carries out electrical interconnection with it, and there is no signal port in the lower antenna element. The excitation of the upper antenna element is carried out by means of the excitation pin. The lower antenna element is excited by electromagnetic interaction with the upper antenna element. Thus, the upper and lower antenna elements have a different degree of electromagnetic interaction with the signal port, and these corresponding degrees of interaction are different from each other.

The suppression of the multipath signal in the proposed antenna system is carried out by electromagnetic interaction of the upper antenna element with the lower antenna element. To do this, they are placed at a certain distance from each other. Induced currents appear on the lower element, due to the antenna tuning, the field of these currents in the region of the lower hemisphere is in antiphase with the current field of the upper element. Thus, the amplitudes of the current fields in the rear hemisphere of the antenna are subtracted, thereby reducing the level of the beam in the rear hemisphere, providing suppression of the reflected multipath signal.

Alternatively, at least one closed cavity of a certain size is used. A closed cavity is a housing in which additional elements are placed: a signal processing circuit, for example, a receiver, position or angle sensors. The closed cavity has a predetermined overall dimension of 1 to 5 of the overall dimension of the lower antenna element plate.

The number of cavities attached to the antenna can be different, from one to several, and does not affect the performance of the antenna system as a whole. To do this, the antenna is configured when connecting and placing one closed cavity to the plate of the lower antenna element.

The proposed design with closed cavities allows you to place the antenna system directly from the bottom surface of the closed cavity on a flat conductive surface, for example on the roof of a vehicle.

раз, где ε - диэлектрическая проницаемость диэлектрика, или используют замедляющую структуру в виде загнутых проводящих элементов, в качестве которых, как вариант, предложено использовать, по меньшей мере, с двух сторон или на двух противоположных краях пластинок верхнего и/или нижнего антенного элемента соответствующие емкостные элементы. Емкостные элементы выполнены в виде загнутых элементов. Загнутые элементы представляют загнутые внутрь конструкции антенны элементы пластинки в виде: ребер, или зубцов, или гребенок, или штырьков. Они имеют определенную поверхностную форму и площадь и расположены по краям периметра излучающей пластинки, и/или экранирующей пластинки верхнего антенного элемента, и/или пластинки, и/или второй экранирующей пластинки нижнего антенного элемента в различном их сочетании. Элементы загнуты так, чтобы располагаться вертикально или ортогонально по отношению к пластинкам, из которых они загнуты.To reduce the resonant size of the antenna, the space between the radiating plate and the shielding plate of the lower and upper antenna elements is filled with a dielectric that reduces the wavelength in

times, where ε is the dielectric constant of the dielectric, or use a slowing structure in the form of bent conductive elements, which, as an option, it is proposed to use, at least on two sides or on two opposite edges of the plates of the upper and / or lower antenna element capacitive elements. Capacitive elements are made in the form of curved elements. The bent elements represent the elements of the plate bent into the antenna structure in the form of: ribs, or teeth, or combs, or pins. They have a certain surface shape and area and are located along the edges of the perimeter of the emitting plate and / or the shielding plate of the upper antenna element and / or plate and / or the second shielding plate of the lower antenna element in various combinations thereof. The elements are bent so as to be arranged vertically or orthogonally with respect to the plates from which they are bent.

The antenna system provides a given frequency band in the corresponding frequency range, while providing a Down / Up coefficient of 90 ° less than -15 dB.

An additional printed circuit board with a signal processing circuitry, for example, a LNA board or a navigation receiver, which can be located in a protective screen, is placed in the lower antenna element when using a slowdown structure in the form of curved conductive elements in the space between the plate and the shielding plate.

The invention also provides a dual-band antenna system for receiving a radio signal, comprising: a dual-band upper antenna element, under which coaxially there is a dual-band lower antenna element, each of which is made in the form of a two-story structure.

The dual-band upper antenna element consists of: a radiating plate of the first frequency range, a radiating plate of the second frequency range, two shielding plates of the first and second frequency range, which serve as a screen for the respective radiating plates, as well as an excitation system. The radiating and shielding plates for the respective ranges are located opposite and separated from each other by a certain distance, which is determined by the operating frequency range. Each shielding plate of the corresponding range is located under the radiating plate of its range. Thus, the upper radiating plate of the first range is located above the shielding plate for the first range. The shielding plate of the first range is located close to the surface or at least part of the surface of the lower radiating plate of the second range. Below the lower radiating plate of the second range is its shielding plate of the second range.

The excitation system for each range consists, in particular, of two excitation pins, which are connected via a transmission line to a power division circuit, which terminates in a corresponding signal port. The signal port is intended for input / output of signals of the corresponding frequency ranges received / transmitted by said antenna system. So, the upper radiating plate of the first range is electrically connected to the first signal port, and the corresponding lower antenna element of the first range is not connected to the first signal port. In turn, the lower radiating plate of the second range is electrically interconnected and connected to the second signal port of the corresponding second range. The lower antenna element of the second range is not connected to the second signal port.

The lower dual-band antenna element has a similar plate arrangement with respect to the upper dual-band antenna element. The dual-band lower antenna element consists of: two shielding plates of the second and first frequency range, and a plate of the second frequency range and a plate of the first frequency range. Corresponding plates and shielding plates for the respective ranges are located opposite and separated from each other by a certain distance by dielectric or air when using a retardation structure in the form of curved elements. The indicated distance determines the operating frequency range of the antenna.

Moreover, under the shielding plate of the second frequency range placed plate of the second frequency range. The plate of the second frequency range, in turn, is placed close to the surface or at least part of the surface of the shielding plate of the first frequency range. The bottom plate of the first frequency range is located below the shielding plate of the first frequency range.

A dual-band upper antenna element is placed on at least a portion of the surface of the dual-band lower antenna element such that a shielding plate for the second range of the upper antenna element is placed close to the surface or at least a portion of the surface of the shielding plate of the second frequency range of the lower antenna element. Moreover, the plate (patch) of the lower antenna element of the first range from its outer side is placed on a conductive closed cavity.

The suppression of multipath reception in such an antenna system occurs due to the electromagnetic interaction of the upper and lower antenna elements of the corresponding range. To do this, they are placed at a certain distance from each other. Thus, the radiating plate of the first frequency range of the upper antenna element and the plate of the first frequency range of the lower antenna element have a corresponding and different degree of electromagnetic interaction (communication) with the first signal port, and these degrees of interaction are different from each other. And the radiating plate of the second frequency range of the upper antenna element and the plate of the second frequency range of the lower antenna element have their respective degree of electromagnetic interaction (communication) with the second signal port, and these corresponding degrees of interaction are different from each other.

The space between the radiating plate and the shielding plate of the lower and upper antenna elements of each range has a slowing structure, which can be used as a dielectric or a slowing structure in the form of capacitive bent elements, which have a different combination of arrangement on the respective plates.

These and other design features and advantages of the proposed invention will become apparent from the detailed description of design options, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows the construction of a known antenna system to reduce the effect of multipath signal reception.

Fig. 2a shows a general view of the proposed multi-tier dual-band wideband antenna system mounted on a flat surface, made on a dielectric substrate.

Fig.2b shows a General view of a flat-mounted single-band antenna system with curved elements.

Fig. 2c shows a general view of a dual band antenna system with curved elements mounted on a flat surface.

3a-3c show embodiments of a dual-band antenna system with a cavity in which a GPS / GNSS receiver is integrated.

Figure 4 shows a sectional view of the proposed design of a dual-band antenna system with curved elements along the edges of the plates.

5 shows the orientation of the field vectors E and H for the case where the excitation pin is located on the x axis.

6 shows the design of an antenna linear polarization system to reduce the effect of multipath signal reception in the extended frequency band, in which capacitive elements are made in the form of ribs with a length equal to the length of the plate b and are located along the H-plane.

Figures 6a-6h show a linear polarization antenna system with various ribs.

Fig.7 shows the design of a broadband linear polarization antenna system to reduce the effect of multipath signal reception, in which capacitive elements are made in the form of a set of separate elements of the ribs with a length shorter than the length of the plate and located along the H-plane.

Figa-7k show an antenna system of linear polarization with various options for the location of separate capacitive elements.

Fig. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a single-band wideband linear polarization antenna system to reduce the effect of multipath signal reception.

Fig.9 shows the design of the antenna system of circular polarization to reduce the effect of multipath reception of signals in the extended frequency band in which capacitive elements are located along the entire perimeter of the plates.

Figa-9k show the design of the proposed antenna system of the circular polarization antenna with different options for the location of separate capacitive elements.

Figure 10 shows a graph of the relationship of the Down / Up in the frequency band of the two ranges L1 and L2 of the prototype and the proposed design of a dual-band antenna system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A design of an antenna system with an integrated receiver, for example, a GPS / Glonass receiver, is proposed, which provides a reduction in the effect of multipath signal reception in a wide frequency band when it is installed directly on a flat conductive surface. The radiating plate and the shielding plate of the upper antenna element are separated from each other by a certain distance. The excitation system generates high-frequency oscillations of a certain type in the upper antenna element. To reduce the resonant size, it is proposed to use a dielectric base or curved capacitive elements located at the edges of the plates. For this, the plate of the lower antenna element is respectively separated from the shielding plate of the lower antenna element by a dielectric substrate of a certain height. Alternatively, at the edges of the plates, a retarding structure in the form of curved conductive elements that have different shapes and options for bending and arrangement along the edges of the plates can be made.

So, capacitive elements are made on the upper antenna element and the lower antenna element. Thus, the bent elements are located at least at two edges of the radiating plate and / or the shielding plate of the upper antenna element. Also, the bent elements are located at least along two edges of the plate and / or shielding plate of the lower antenna element.

2a-2b, an embodiment of a suitably compact single- and dual-band antenna system is proposed to reduce the effect of multipath signal reception with an integrated navigation receiver located in a closed cavity, which thereby forms a plate of the lower antenna element. The plate of the lower antenna element is aligned with the upper surface of the first closed cavity - the housing, so that the housing becomes part of the lower antenna element of the L1 range. In this case, the resonant size of this antenna element is determined by the diameter of the first cavity enclosed between the upper surface of the housing and the radiating plate of the lower antenna element of the L2 range.

The plate 8 of the lower antenna element of the first range 60 is made in the form of a volumetric closed cavity in which additional structural elements are placed, in particular a GPS receiver 29, optical position sensors and other elements. On the side of the upper surface 8a of the closed cavity 8, which is located opposite the shielding plate 7 of the lower antenna element 60 of the first range, capacitive elements 3b 'are made. Capacitive elements 3b can be made both at the edges and along the corresponding perimeter from the edge of the closed cavity 8. The shape and location of the capacitive elements 3b correspond to the above-described variants of figa-9k. Fig. 2a shows an embodiment using a retardation structure in the form of a dielectric substrate 3c.

Similarly, for a single-band antenna system, the plate 10 of the lower antenna element 40 is made in the form of a volumetric closed cavity 10, in which additional elements are placed, for example, a navigation receiver 29. Capacitive elements 3b are made on the surface 10a of the closed cavity 10. The surface 10a is located opposite and under the shielding plate 9 lower antenna element 40.

Optionally, several, from one or more, modules of closed cavities are used 8. For this, the antenna system is configured when one upper closed cavity is connected to the plate of the lower antenna element.

The number of cavities attached to the antenna can be different, from one to several, and does not affect the performance of the antenna system as a whole. To do this, the antenna is configured when connecting and placing one closed cavity to the plate of the lower antenna element. When choosing the overall size of a closed cavity, it is correlated with the sizes of other elements of the antenna system.

1) If the antenna is designed to be mounted on an outrigger with the possibility of connecting additional cavities from below, then the overall dimension of the first cavity may be smaller than the size of the shielding plate of the lower antenna element (Figure 3c). The size of the additionally connected cavities should not be larger than the size of the first cavity.

2) If the antenna is installed close to the conductive surface without reconfiguration (with or without additional cavities), then the overall dimension of the first cavity should be equal to or larger than the size of the shielding plate of the lower antenna element (Figures 3a-3b). Additional cavities are placed under each other in the form of a multi-tiered structure, while the number and overall size do not affect the operation of the antenna system as a whole, and in particular, the suppression of a multipath signal.

The frequency range in which multipath is suppressed is determined by the lower antenna element. The frequency adjustment is performed by changing the mutual overlap between the oncoming flat pins with a constant dimension of the plates. In the case of a dielectric, its dielectric constant is changed.

On figa shows a variant with two closed cavities 8 and 8c. The use of such closed cavities allows you to place additional signal processing elements and various sensors 29a-b in each of them. Two adjacent cavity modules may have one common bottom surface 8b.

This embodiment of the antenna system allows you to directly install the antenna system from the side of the lower surface 8b or 10b of the lower cavity 8 or cavity 10 on a flat surface 100, for example, on the roof of a vehicle, while maintaining the multipath signal suppression properties in the expanded frequency band without additional tuning of the antenna system.

On figa shows an option when the overall size of the housing D _gp can be from 1 to 5 sizes D _L2 plate lower antenna element L2 range.

FIG. 3b shows an embodiment when the case size D _gp corresponds to the size D _{L2 of the} plate of the lower antenna element L2 of the range.

FIG. 3c shows an embodiment when the housing has a reduced lateral dimension D _gp to dimensions D _{L1 of the} plate of the lower antenna element of the L1 range.

To ensure the operation of the antenna in linear polarization mode, the bent elements are made in the form of: ribs of a given length, which are arranged along the edges of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element parallel to the H-plane, as well as edges along the corresponding edges of the shielding plate of the upper antenna element parallel to the H-plane. For the lower antenna element, the ribs are located along the edges of the plate and the shielding plate of the lower antenna element, symmetrically to the H-plane, i.e. along the y axis, as illustrated in FIGS. 6, 6a-6h. Alternatively, the capacitive elements are made as separate ribs, representing a set of shorter individual ribs - combs, as shown in Fig.7, 7a-7k. Moreover, the length of these elements, their height and quantity determine the total equivalent capacity. Moreover, to reduce the resonant size of the antenna, it is necessary to provide a large area of overlap of the elements from the side of the radiating plate and the shielding plate. Accordingly, the smallest resonant size gives the design of the solid-state antenna system shown in Fig.6, 6a-6h.

The proposed embodiments on the plates of the respective bends allow you to expand the antenna bandwidth and use the entire surface of the radiating plate to install other structural elements on them.

For circular polarization, capacitive elements must be made as separate ribs - combs, as illustrated in Fig.9.

The antenna excitation system can be made in the form of: strip lines, coaxial cable and other methods known to the specialist. So, to create a linear polarization, a pin driver can be used. For excitation of circular polarization, various excitation schemes are used, for example, through at least one excitation pin connected to a divider (bridge).

In the embodiment of FIG. 6, a linear polarization antenna system is proposed in which capacitive elements are located along the H-plane, i.e. y axis. Along the E-plane, i.e. x axis, no capacitive elements. Structural elements that support the radiating plate above the screen are not shown in these figures. These can be, for example, thin insulating spacers that do not introduce significant changes in the electrical characteristics of the antenna.

The antenna system includes: a shielding plate 601 of the upper antenna element, on top of which at a certain distance from it there is a radiating plate 602 of the upper antenna element, which is excited using a coaxial cable or pin 604, as well as a shielding plate 605 of the lower antenna element, below which the plate 606 is located lower antenna element. The first shielding plate 601 is placed on at least a portion of the surface of the second shielding plate 605.

To provide the required operating frequency band, the volume of the resonator cavity of electromagnetic oscillations, i.e. the volume enclosed between the radiating plate and the shielding plate is filled with a dielectric. The dielectric substrate is placed on the shielding plate, and a radiating plate is placed on top of the substrate.

Alternatively, the antenna deceleration structure is made in the form of vertical ribs 603 located at the ends — two opposite edges of the radiating plate 602 and / or two opposite edges of the shielding plate 601 (not shown) —the ribs 603 are equal to or shorter than the length of the plates on which they are bent, and the plane and line of location of each said rib correspond and are located along the H-plane of the antenna. The ribs bent on the plates have a certain height from the base of the plate. The height of the rib, as an option, should provide a gap between this rib and the opposite plate or its rib.

On two opposite edges of the shielding plate 605 and / or two opposite edges of the plate of the lower antenna element 606, vertical ribs 607 are arranged separately and bent into the antenna. The ribs have a certain height. The plane and the location line of each of these ribs (607) are located along the y axis and correspond to the H-plane. The length b of the ribs 603, 607 is equal to the length of the plates, but is not limited to this, it can be shorter than the length of the plates.

On figa-6h shows various combinations of the location of the bent ribs made at the end of the respective plates of the antenna. The ribs are respectively located along the H-plane for the upper antenna element, and for the lower antenna element, the edges are symmetrical to the edges of the upper antenna element.

Figures 6a-6h, 7a-7k, 9a-9k show that the lower antenna element has equal dimensions with the upper antenna element.

To provide a better characteristic of the Down / Up ratio, the size of the plates of the lower antenna element is related to the size of the plates of the upper antenna element of the order of 1 to 3.5, as shown in Figs. 6, 7, i.e. the shielding plate of the lower antenna element can be made more extended than the shielding plate of the upper antenna element. However, the dimensions of the antenna are not limited to these ratios, including the size of the plates of the upper antenna element may be larger than the size of the plates of the lower antenna element.

Fig. 6a shows an antenna system comprising: an upper antenna element and a lower antenna element located symmetrically to and below the upper antenna element. Moreover, along the two edges of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and along the two edges of the plate of the lower antenna element, vertical ribs are made. The ribs are respectively bent vertically downward and vertically upward into the antenna structure towards each other. The shielding plate of the upper antenna element and the shielding plate of the lower antenna element are a flat conductive plate without bending the ribs.

Fig.6b shows an antenna system with vertical ribs located at the edges of the shielding plates of the upper and lower antenna elements. The ribs are bent on the said plates so as to be located vertically with respect to the base of their plates.

Fig. 6c shows an antenna system with vertical ribs bent around the edges of all plates of the upper and lower antenna elements. The ribs are located opposite each other and thereby they are separated from each other in the plane of their location at a certain distance. The length of the shielding plate is less than the length of the plate or radiating plate. The ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the ribs of the plate of the lower antenna element are located outside the ribs and at a certain distance from the corresponding shielding plates of the upper and lower antenna elements.

Fig. 6d shows an antenna system in which the ribs of the shielding plates of the upper and lower antenna elements bent inwardly are located outside the edges of the radiating plates of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element opposite to them.

Fig. 6e shows an antenna system in which the ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element are vertically bent inside the antenna and are located outside the edges of the shielding plates opposite to them. The ribs of the shielding plates from the base of the plates are first bent vertically so that at least part of their surface is opposite to the surface of the bent vertical ribs respectively of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the lower antenna element plate. Further, the bent ribs of the shielding plates are continued and bent respectively into the volume of the upper antenna element and the lower antenna element. They are further bent horizontally so as to be located at a certain distance from the opposite radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element.

Fig. 6f shows an antenna system in which the ribs of the shielding plates are vertically bent and are located outside the edges of the radiating plates of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element opposite to them. The edges of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element from their base are first bent into the structure. Further, the ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element are continued and bent respectively into the volume of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element. The ribs are further bent horizontally to a certain length so as to be located at a certain distance from the opposite shielding plate.

Fig. 6g shows an antenna system in which the corresponding ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element are located outside the vertical edges of the shielding plates. The ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element are continued and further bent respectively to the outside of the antenna structure and are located for a certain extent opposite the shielding plate of the upper antenna element and the shielding plate of the lower antenna, respectively.

Fig. 6h shows an antenna system in which the corresponding ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element are located outside the edges of the shielding plates. The ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element are continued and further bent respectively to the outside of the antenna structure so as to be located over a certain extent opposite the corresponding shielding plate. The ribs of the shielding plates are further bent into the interior of the structure so as to be located over a certain extent opposite the corresponding radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element.

In the second embodiment, Fig. 7 proposes the construction of an antenna system of linear polarization in which capacitive elements are located along the H-plane, and along the E-plane there are no capacitive elements.

The antenna system comprises an upper antenna element and a lower antenna element coaxially located below it.

The upper antenna element consists of: a shielding plate 701, on top of which a radiating plate 702 is located at a certain distance from it, which is excited by a coaxial line or pin 704. Capacitive elements are made on two edges of the radiating plate 702 and / or on two edges of the shielding plate 701 (not shown). Capacitive elements are made in the form of combs, i.e. a separately located periodic set of rib elements 703. The combs of the shielding plate and the radiating plate are bent into the structure, essentially vertically with respect to the plates from which they are bent.

The lower antenna element is made mirror-like in the design of the upper antenna element and consists of: a second shielding plate 705, under which a plate 706 is located. At the two edges of the second shielding plate 705 and / or two edges of the plate 706, a set of vertical rib elements - combs 707. is made. Combs 707 bent into the structure of the lower antenna element, essentially vertically with respect to the plates of which they are bent. To ensure the maximum frequency band of the antenna system, the distance d between the elements of the periodic system of separate ribs (individual pins, teeth, ribs) should be more than 0.1 of the width w of the comb element (one pin), but not limited to this. Each comb element has a certain height 1 from the base of the plate from which it is bent.

On figa-8k shows various combinations of the location of the separate ribs made on the respective plates of the upper and lower antenna elements. Separate ribs are respectively located along the H-plane for the upper antenna element, and for the lower antenna element, respectively, symmetrically to the edges of the upper antenna element.

On figa shows an antenna system in which separate ribs - combs, are located on two edges of the radiating plate of the upper and lower plate of the antenna elements. The individual capacitive elements of the separate ribs are bent vertically. The elements of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element are bent vertically downward, and the capacitive elements of the plate of the lower antenna element are vertically upward inward of the antenna structure towards each other. There are no capacitive elements on the shielding plates.

Fig. 7b shows an antenna system in which capacitive elements are respectively bent vertically up and down on the shielding plates of the upper and lower antenna elements. Capacitive elements are bent on said plates so as to be located vertically with respect to the base of their plates, from which they are bent.

Fig. 7c shows an antenna system with vertical capacitive elements bent from the edges of all plates of the upper and lower antenna elements.

The bent capacitive elements of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and its shielding plate are bent into the structure and are located opposite to each other. Accordingly, the capacitive elements of the plate of the lower antenna element and its shielding plate are also bent inward and are located opposite to each other. The capacitive elements of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element are respectively located outside the capacitive elements of their shielding plates. Each element of the separate ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the opposite element of the separate edges of the shielding plate of the upper antenna element form a corresponding overlap area. Similarly for the capacitive elements of the lower antenna element.

Fig. 7d shows an antenna system in which capacitive elements of the shielding plates of the upper antenna element and the lower antenna element are folded inside the structure and are located outside the corresponding capacitive elements of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element.

Fig. 7e shows an antenna system in which the separate ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element are located outside the separate edges of the shielding plates of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element, respectively. Each capacitive element of the edge of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element or plate of the lower antenna element and the corresponding corresponding element of the edge of the shielding plate are made so as to be offset relative to each other along the line of their location by a certain distance. The overlap area is formed only by part of the surface of the capacitive elements. The total capacity is determined by the set of overlapping regions for all elements of separate edges.

Fig. 7f shows an antenna system in which the separate ribs of the shielding plates of the upper antenna element and the lower antenna element are located outside of the separate ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element. Each bent capacitive element of the corresponding plate is displaced relative to the element of the opposite plate along the line of their location by a certain distance.

Fig.7g shows an antenna system in which separate ribs are made in one plane, on the same location line on all plates of the upper antenna element and the lower antenna element. For the upper antenna element, separate ribs are bent along the edges of the radiating plate and are located at the intervals of the separate ribs of the shielding plate. For the lower antenna element, separate ribs are bent along the edges of the plate and are located at the intervals of the separate ribs of its shielding plate.

Fig. 7h shows an antenna system in which the separate ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element are respectively located outside the separate edges of the shielding plates of the upper and lower antenna elements. The elements of the ribs of the shielding plates from their base are first bent into the structure so that at least part of their surface is opposite to the surface of the vertically bent elements of the radiating plate of the upper and, accordingly, the plate of the lower antenna elements. Further, the elements of the ribs of the shielding plates are extended and bent to end respectively inside the volume of the upper antenna element and the lower antenna element, and they are bent so as to be located at a certain distance along the plates of the upper and lower antenna elements, respectively.

Fig. 7i shows an antenna system in which separate ribs of the shielding plates of the upper and lower antenna elements are located outside respectively separate ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element. The elements of the ribs of the radiating plate of the upper and, accordingly, the plate of the lower antenna elements are first bent into the structure so that at least part of their surface is opposite to the surface of the bent elements of the shielding plates. Further, the elements of the radiating plate of the upper and, accordingly, the plate of the lower antenna elements are extended and bent to end respectively inside the volume of the antenna, and they are bent so as to be located along the plates of the upper and lower antenna elements, respectively.

Fig. 7j shows an antenna system in which the separate ribs of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element are located outside respectively separate ribs of the shielding plates of the upper and lower antenna elements. Elements on the shielding plates are bent vertically upward at a certain distance. The bent elements of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element are continued and further bent respectively to the outside of the antenna structure so as to be located along the shielding plates of the upper and lower antenna elements, respectively.

7k, an antenna system in which separate ribs of a radiating plate of an upper antenna element and a plate of a lower antenna element are located outside respectively separate ribs of the shielding plates of the upper and lower antenna elements. The elements of the ribs are bent on the shielding plates, made further inside the volume of the structure, so as to be located at a certain distance along the opposite corresponding radiating plate or plate. The bent elements of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element are continued and further bent respectively to the outside of the antenna structure so as to be located along the shielding plates of the upper and lower antenna elements, respectively.

On Fig shows a single-band broadband antenna system to reduce the effect of multipath signal reception in the extended frequency band, consisting of: the upper antenna element and the lower antenna element coaxially located below it, the signal port, located in the volume of the upper antenna element and intended for input / output radio signals received by the aforementioned antenna, as well as the excitation system.

The upper antenna element 30 consists of a radiating plate 13 and a conductive shielding plate 14, which are separated from each other by a certain distance by the air space. The plates 13, 14 on two opposite sides or edges are made bent inward so that the bends are in the form of vertical elements, for example ribs 3a. The ribs 3a are arranged vertically (or orthogonally) with respect to the plates from which they are bent, as well as to the opposite plates.

Curved ribs 3 need not be orthogonal to the radiating plate. They should preferably be arranged vertically with respect to the plate. More precisely, their size and location at a certain angle with respect to the plates are determined when tuning the antenna. Curved ribs have a transverse dimension and can be pins, in particular of cylindrical shape.

The shielding plate 14 is placed on a part of the surface of the shielding plate 9 and coaxially with it. The upper antenna element has a signal port, which carries out electrical interconnection with it, and there is no signal port in the lower antenna element. The excitation of the upper antenna element is carried out by means of the excitation pin.

The lower antenna element 40 is located symmetrically to the upper antenna element 30 and below it. The lower antenna element 40 consists of a flat plate 10 and its shielding plate 9, which are separated from each other by a certain distance by the air space. In this case, induced currents occur on the lower antenna element. Due to the given sizes of the plates 10, 9 and their location relative to each other at a certain distance, the field of these currents in the region of the lower hemisphere is out of phase with the current field of the upper antenna element. Thus, the amplitudes of the current fields in the rear hemisphere of the antenna are subtracted, thereby reducing the level of the in the rear hemisphere, i.e. suppression of the reflected multipath signal. At the edges of the plates 9, 10 capacitive elements are made. Capacitive elements are in the form of short curved elements, for example, in the form of vertical ribs 3b. The ribs 3b are bent into the volume of the lower antenna element and are located mainly vertically (or orthogonally) with respect to the plates from which they are bent, as well as to the opposite plates. The lower antenna element is excited by electromagnetic interaction through the upper antenna element. Thus, the upper and lower antenna elements have a different degree of electromagnetic interaction with the signal port, and these corresponding degrees of interaction are different from each other.

Position 15 shows the excitation pins, position 16 is the output connector, position 17 is the coaxial power cable 18, position 3 'is the overlap region formed by capacitive elements located at two edges of the plates of the upper antenna element and the lower antenna element. Alternatively, capacitive elements can be placed only on one plate of the upper or lower antenna element or in a different combination thereof. Capacitive elements can be made along the entire length of the plate or its part in the form of ribs of a certain length or a separate set of rib elements - combs of various surface shapes, so that the overlap region 3 'has a maximum area.

The lower antenna element 40 is not connected to the signal port 28. The lower antenna element 40 is configured so that its resonant frequency is close to the resonant frequency of the upper antenna element 30. For GPS L1-band and L2-band, the resonant frequency of the lower antenna element 40 should be preferably within - 60 MHz to +60 MHz of the operating frequency of the upper antenna element 30, i.e. -5% - + 5% of the center frequency.

The resonant frequency of the lower antenna element 40 can be measured using the auxiliary probe installed in it and determining the input impedance using the function of the excitation frequency measured at the coaxial output of the probe. During these measurements, the upper antenna element must be removed. The frequency at which there is a maximum in the real part of the input impedance indicates a resonant frequency. The final adjustment of the size of the plates of the lower antenna element is carried out in the process of minimizing the Down / Up ratio. To do this, in the anechoic chamber, the distribution of the Down / Up ratio is measured depending on the frequency for the upper and lower antenna elements, and slightly changing the location of the bent ribs of the lower antenna element relative to each other or their location relative to the base of the plates or changing the size of the surface of the ribs, shift the minimum of the ratio Down / Up to the desired frequency.

To implement the operation of the microstrip antenna system in the circular polarization mode, a structure of capacitive elements is proposed that are located at a certain pitch along the entire perimeter of the radiating plates 902 and / or shielding plates 901 of the upper antenna element and / or plates 907 and / or shielding plates 906 of the lower antenna item.

The circular polarization mode provides excitation of the field of two linearly polarized orthogonally oriented in space by means of an excitation system, for example, two pins 904, 905 and the arrangement of capacitive elements in the form of plates around the entire perimeter. As shown in FIG. 9, combs 903a and 903b are located around the perimeter of the radiating plate 902 of the upper antenna element. In this case, the elements that for one polarization were located along the H-plane, for orthogonal polarization will be located along the E-plane, and vice versa. For example, for a linear polarization field excited by pin 904, the elements of which are located along the y axis, will be located in the H-plane, and for a field excited by pin 905, the elements will be located in the E-plane. The lower antenna element is made mirror-like in the design of the upper antenna element and consists respectively of a shielding plate 906, a plate 907 is located below. Moreover, a shielding plate 901 of the upper antenna element is placed on at least a portion of the surface of the shielding plate 906 of the lower antenna element. Capacitive elements (combs 908) are made around the entire perimeter of the plate 907 of the lower antenna element. The plane and the location line of the capacitive elements 908 correspond to the plane and the location line of the capacitive elements 903.

For an antenna operating in the circular polarization mode, it is impossible to determine the E and H planes, since the vectors of the electric and magnetic fields have different spatial orientations at different instants of time, namely, they rotate. (Described in more detail in LO YT, LEE SW, Antenna Handbook, Chapman & Hall, Vol. I, Antenna fundamentals and mathematical techniques, New York 1993 [2].) The definitions and explanations of FIG. 5 relate only to linear polarization antennas, and for the case, when the supply pin is positioned as shown in FIGS. 6, 7, namely, the pin 604 and 704 is offset from the center of the structure along the x axis and not offset along the y axis. In this case, a linear polarization field is excited, with the electric field vector E parallel to the x axis and the magnetic field vector H parallel to the y axis. The circular polarization field is the sum of the fields of two linear polarizations, orthogonal to each other and shifted in phase by 90 °. To excite such fields, two pins 905 and 904 are used, with 904 offset from the center along the x axis, and 905 along the y axis. The xz plane for the field excited by the pin 904 will be the E-plane, and for the field excited by the pin 905, the H-plane. Therefore, for a field excited, for example, by pin 904, elements 903a are located along the magnetic field vector, i.e. in the plane H, and elements 903b are located along the electric field vector, i.e. in the plane E. Similarly, for the field excited by the pin 905, the elements 903a are located along the electric field vector, i.e. in the plane E, and the elements 903b are located along the magnetic field vector, i.e. in the plane H.

In accordance with the above description, to ensure the circular polarization mode, which is especially important for applications in GSSN applications, it is necessary to excite two orthogonal types of oscillations in the circular polarization emitters (longitudinal and transverse vibrations with currents parallel to the x and y axis and a phase shift of 90 °) , for example, using two orthogonal excitation pins. To this end, a circular polarization antenna system design has been proposed in which capacitive elements are made in the form of separate ribs, such as combs, individual pins with a height l, predominantly less than the length of the plate from which they are bent. Capacitive elements are located around the perimeter of the antenna, i.e. along the x axis and y axis, on the radiating plate 902, and / or the shielding plate 901 of the upper antenna element, and / or the plates 907, and / or the shielding plates 906 of the lower antenna element.

When implementing a circular polarization antenna (Figs. 9a-9g), embodiments of a set of individual ribs in the form of combs, teeth or pins are possible. To do this, they are placed along the entire perimeter of the antenna both along the x axis and along the y axis, similarly to the second construction variant described above. In an antenna system with circular polarization, all plates are preferably in the form of a circle, square.

Figures 2a, 2c show a cross-section of a dual-band wideband antenna system to reduce the effect of multipath signal reception in a wide frequency band.

To reduce the effect of multipath signal reception, the dual-band antenna system has a storied design in which, as an option, an antenna of a higher frequency (HF) range is located above an antenna with a lower range (LF), but it can be vice versa. To this end, a first-band emitter is arranged on the upper antenna element of the second range, the second-range radiating plate being a screen for the first-range radiating plate.

The antenna system includes an upper antenna element of the first high frequency range 50 and an upper antenna element of the second low frequency range 30, as well as their corresponding lower antenna element of the first 60 and second ranges 40. The radiating plate 13 of the first range is placed above the radiating plate 11 of the second range. The shielding plate 14 of the first range is separated by air from the radiating plate 13 of the first range and is located on the surface of the radiating plate 11 of the second range. The radiating plate 11 of the second range is separated by air space from the shielding plate 12 of the second range, which in turn is located on a part of the surface of the shielding plate 9 of the lower antenna element of the second range.

The lower antenna element of the first range contains: a shielding plate 7 and a plate 8, which are located opposite to each other and separated by air space from each other at a certain distance. The lower antenna element of the second range contains: a shielding plate 9 and a plate 10, which are located opposite to each other and are separated by air space from each other at a certain distance.

The plate 10 of the lower antenna element of the second range is placed on the surface of the shielding plate 7 of the lower antenna element of the first range. It should be noted that the plate 10 is closer to the shielding plate 12 of the upper antenna element of the second range than the plate 8 to the shielding plate 14 of the upper antenna element of the second range. The radiating plate 13 of the upper antenna element of the first range is electrically interconnected and connected to the first signal port, and the corresponding plate along the range of the plate 8 of the lower antenna element of the first range is not connected to the signal port. In turn, the radiating plate 11 is electrically interconnected and connected to the second signal port, and the corresponding plate 10 in the range is not connected to the signal port. The cavity volume of electromagnetic waves is filled with a dielectric 3c or bent elements 3 are used at the edges of the plates.

The suppression of the multipath signal is carried out by electromagnetic interaction of the radiating plate of the upper antenna element of the corresponding range with the plate of the lower antenna element of the corresponding range and is determined by their location at a certain distance from each other. Thus, the radiating plate of the first range of the upper antenna element and the plate of the first range of the lower antenna element have different degrees (magnitude) of electromagnetic interaction with the first signal port, and these degrees of interaction are unequal to each other. The radiating plate of the second range of the upper antenna element and the plate of the second range of the lower antenna element also have a different degree of electromagnetic interaction with the second signal port, and these degrees of interaction are unequal.

Along the perimeter of the edges of the base of all the plates of the dual-band wideband antenna of the circular polarization system, capacitive elements are made in the form of separate ribs. For the upper antenna element of the first range 50, the ribs of the shielding plate 14 are located outside the ribs of the radiating plate 13 and are made opposite to each other. For the upper antenna element 30 of the second range, the elements of the ribs of the shielding plate 12 are located outside the elements of the ribs of the emitting plate 11. For the lower antenna element of the edges of the plates 10 are located outside the elements of the ribs of the shielding plate 9. For the lower antenna element of the first range, the elements of the ribs of the shielding plate 7 are located outside the elements of the ribs of the plate 8.

In each upper and lower antenna element of the corresponding range, the elements of the ribs are bent around the perimeter of the plates inside the antenna towards the other elements of the ribs of the opposite plate so as to be located vertically with respect to the plates from which they are bent. The elements of the ribs on each opposite plate are located in the same plane. The elements of the ribs of one plate are separated from the opposite elements of the other plate by a certain distance. The size of the shielding plate 12 or 9 is larger than the size of the radiating plate 11 or plate 10, and thereby the shielding plate 12 or 9 is extended beyond the capacitive elements 3, which are located on it.

When implementing a multi-band circular polarized antenna, all of the above options according to the second embodiment of the invention for including capacitive elements in the form of: separate ribs; combs, prongs or pins. To do this, each lower and / or upper antenna element of the corresponding range is performed according to and similarly to the above construction options.

The tuning parameters that determine the design of the antenna system are selected so that the upper antenna element 50 of the first range in the L1 frequency band and the corresponding lower antenna element 60 provide the required Down / Up characteristics, and the upper antenna element 30 of the second range in the L2 frequency band and the corresponding her lower antenna element 40 provided the required Down / Up characteristics for L2. Antenna tuning parameters are understood to mean: parameters that allow you to correct the above values of the resonant frequency and Down / Up, namely: the shape of capacitive elements, height l, width w, etc., their location relative to each other or the location on the plates from which they are bent , the surface area of these elements or the gap between the bent elements of opposite plates or the area of their overlap with each other. Thus, the parameters of the lower antenna element 60 are selected so as to have a resonant frequency on or near the band L1 of the upper antenna element 50, and the parameters of the lower antenna element 40 are taken so as to ensure its resonant frequency on or near the band L2 of the upper antenna element 30. For example, for receiving GPS and GLONASS signals in the L1 band 1563 MHz - 1616 MHz and the L2 band 1216 MHz - 1260 MHz, the parameters are taken so that the resonant frequency of the lower antenna element 60 of the L1 band is preferably close to -60 MHz to +25 MHz to the center frequency p VOCs L1 1590 MHz, and the resonance frequency of the antenna element 40 of the lower range L2, was close to 20 MHz -50 MHz center frequency 1240 MHz L2.

Positions 1 and 2 indicate the lower and upper covers of the antenna unit, pos. 3a-3b - capacitive elements in the form of combs on the corresponding plates of the antenna, pos. 4 - amplifier board, which can also accommodate the excitation system for the L2 range, pos. 5 - an excitation system for the L1 range, pos.6 - amplifier screen, pos.7 - shielding plate of the lower antenna element of the first range, pos.8 - plate of the lower antenna element of the first range, pos.9 - shielding plate of the lower antenna element of the second range , item 10 - plate of the lower antenna element of the second range, item 11 - radiating plate of the upper antenna element of the second range, item 12 - shielding plate of the upper antenna element of the second range 13 - radiating plate of the upper antenna element of the first range, item 14 - shielding plate of the upper antenna element of the first range, pos.15 - excitation pins, pos.16 - output connector, pos.17 - coaxial power cable, pos.18, 19, 26 - fasteners screws, washers, pos.20-24 - dielectric supporting simple avki of various heights, pos.25 - washer.

Figure 4 shows a variant of a dual-band antenna in which capacitive elements are made as a set of separate ribs, bent around the entire perimeter (along the H- and E-plane) of the edges of the emitting plates and shielding plates of the upper antenna element of the first and second ranges, as well as separate ribs bent around the entire perimeter of the edges of the plates and shielding plates of the lower antenna element of the first and second ranges. Elements can be formed by bending sheet conductive material from which the plates are made.

The plate 8 of the lower antenna element of the first range 60 is made in the form of a volumetric closed cavity in which additional structural elements are placed, in particular a navigation receiver 29, optical position sensors and other elements. On the side of the upper surface 8a of the closed cavity 8, which is located opposite the shielding plate 7 of the lower antenna element 60 of the first range, capacitive elements 3b 'are made. Capacitive elements 3b can be made both at the edges and along the corresponding perimeter from the edge of the closed cavity 8. The shape and location of the capacitive elements 3b correspond to the above-described variants of figa-9k.

Capacitive elements in the form of combs are bent along the edges of the plates. Combs 3a 'are located on the radiating plates of the corresponding range of the upper antenna element, combs 3a "are located on the shielding plates of the corresponding range of the upper antenna element. Combs 3a 'and 3a ”are made bent inward of the upper antenna element and are located opposite each other.

Also, combs 3b ”are respectively located on the shielding plates of the corresponding range of the lower antenna element, and combs 3b 'on the plates of the corresponding range of the lower antenna element. Combs 3b 'and 3b ”are made bent inward of the lower antenna element and are located opposite each other.

Combs 3a ”are located outside the combs 3a '. The combs 3b 'of the plate of the second range of the lower antenna element are located outside the combs 3b "of the shield plate of the second range of the lower antenna element, the combs 3b" of the shield of the plate of the first range of the lower antenna element outside the combs 3b' of the plate of the first range of the lower antenna element.

The combs 3a ”of the shielding plates and the combs 3a ′ of the radiating plates of the upper antenna element opposite them are located in the same plane at a certain distance from each other, but are offset relative to each other along the line of their location. Accordingly, the combs 3b ”of the shielding plates and the combs 3b 'of the plates of the lower antenna element are also located in the same plane and are offset relative to each other along the line of location by a predetermined distance.

The specified embodiment of the capacitive elements is not limited to this example and can be performed according to any of the described options figa-9g. Capacitive elements for the lower antenna element are identical to the elements of the upper antenna element or have a different combination for the upper and lower antenna elements, i.e. have a symmetrical design or have a different shape from one another, according to the disclosed embodiments. So, the upper antenna element can be made with combs along the edges of its radiating and shielding plates of the corresponding range, and the opposite combs are offset relative to each other in the plane of their location. The lower antenna element can be made with combs only along the edges of the shielding plates of the corresponding range.

In the antenna system, each upper antenna element of the first and second ranges is electrically connected to the LNA 27, which is located on the circuit board 4. The excitation pins 15 of the upper antenna element of the first range 50 are soldered to the circuit board with a drive circuit 5, the pins of the upper antenna element of the second range 30 to the circuit board 4, where the corresponding drive circuit 5 for this range is also located. The signal from the output of the excitation circuits 5, through a coaxial cable 17, is fed to the input of the amplifier 27 on the board 4, where it is amplified, and then the output signal from the LNA 27 through a coaxial cable or output connector 16 is transmitted to various external consumers. The coaxial cable 17 and the output connector - port 16 are located in the center of the structure, and the coaxial cable 17 runs in the center of the axis of symmetry of the antenna system and is located at the points of zero potentials of the fields of the antenna elements to ensure symmetry of the structure of the antenna system and not distort it. Alternatively, the amplifier LNA 27 can be placed in a shielding shell 6 to protect the elements of the amplifier from electromagnetic radiation. As a shielding sheath, grounded screens, housings and other elements are used, which are made of conductive thin materials of various shapes. The power system can be performed by any method known to a person skilled in the art using transmission lines of various designs, for example strip lines.

Fig. 4a shows a sectional view of the structure of an excitation system of a multi-tier dual-band antenna. The arrow shows the connection points of the excitation pins 15 and the coaxial cable 17 with the corresponding antenna elements. The central core of the coaxial cable is connected to the radiating plate, and the braid of the cable to the shielding plate. The excitation system consists of an excitation circuit 5, excitation pins 15, a coaxial high-frequency cable 17. The upper antenna element of the first range 50 is fed from above, and the upper antenna element of the second range 30 from below. For the supply of power at the locations of the pins 15 and the coaxial cable 17 in the corresponding shielding plates 14, 12 and radiating plates 13, 11, as well as printed circuit boards 4 and 5, there are holes.

High-frequency cable 17 is connected at one end to the LNA or to external equipment such as an external LNA or receiver, and at the other end (central core) is electrically connected to the excitation circuit 5, for example, a divider. Its braid is sealed (grounded) on a conductive shielding plate. The excitation pin 15 of the upper antenna element of the first range 50 is connected from above to the excitation circuit 5 and soldered to its radiating plate 13. Similarly, for the second pin 15 of the upper antenna element of the second range 30, this pin 15 is soldered to the excitation circuit located on the board 4, and through the hole in the upper antenna element of the first range 50 is sealed on its radiating plate 11.

The power point - the location (connection) point of the pins 15, is placed so that it is consistent with the emitter. Coaxial cable 17 runs along the center of the axis of symmetry of the antenna system and is located at the points of zero potentials of the fields of the antenna elements. The output of the LNA 27 through the connector 16 is connected to external equipment. Power antenna and LNA 27 can be provided through a coaxial cable 17, separating the DC voltage from the received antenna signal using filters in LNA 27.

Figure 10 shows a graph of the Down / Up dependence in the frequency band of the two ranges L1 and L2 of the prototype [1] and the proposed design of the antenna system.

Frequency properties are usually evaluated at a certain level, for example -15 dB or -20 dB, which can ensure the efficiency of the antenna. The graph shows that at the Down / Up level of -15 dB or -20 dB there is an expansion of the frequency band relative to the prototype by + 20 ... + 30%. Thus, it is seen that the proposed antenna system provides a decrease in the effect of multipath signal reception for the L1 and L2 range in a wider frequency band with small sizes of the shielding plate.

Summarizing, it can be noted that the proposed design of the antenna system allows, at the expense of an additional level with a conducting cavity of a given size, to create a multi-tiered and multi-band antenna design of a small size and place it directly on a conductive surface, such as a vehicle, construction equipment, while maintaining the efficiency of suppressing multipath reception .

Claims (24)

1. A compact broadband antenna system for receiving a radio signal, comprising: a signal port for input / output of radio signals received by said antenna system, an upper antenna element and a lower antenna element coaxially located below it, the upper antenna element consisting of: a radiating plate located above it shielding plate, which are separated from each other by a certain distance by the airspace, and the lower antenna element consists of separated by a certain distance e the wafer, under which the wafer is located, the upper antenna element is placed so that the shielding plate of the upper antenna element is located close to the surface or at least part of the surface of the shielding plate of the lower antenna element, while the upper antenna element is directly connected to the signal port, and the lower antenna element is excited by electromagnetic interaction with the upper antenna element, and the plate of the lower antenna element from the outer the surface is placed on the first cavity, which is a conductive housing. 2. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one closed cavity of a certain size is used. 3. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to claim 2, characterized in that when installing the antenna on an external support with the ability to connect additional cavities from below, the overall size of the first and additional cavities should be less than the size of the shielding plate of the lower antenna element. 4. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to claim 2, characterized in that when installing the antenna directly from the bottom surface of the cavity on the conductive surface, for example on the roof of the vehicle, the overall dimension of the first and additional cavities must be equal to or larger than the size of the lower shield plate antenna element. 5. An antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cavity is a conductive housing in which additional elements are placed: a signal processing circuit, for example a navigation receiver, position or angle sensors. 6. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to claim 5, characterized in that the housing has a predetermined overall size from 1 to 5 of the overall size of the lower antenna element. 7. An antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 6, characterized in that the resonant frequency excited by the lower antenna element is ± 5% of the center frequency excited in the upper antenna element. 8. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to claim 7, characterized in that it operates in linear or circular polarization mode. 9. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 6, 8, characterized in that in the space between the radiating plate and the shielding plate of the lower and upper antenna elements, a decelerating structure is made, which is a dielectric or conductive structure in the form of on at least two opposite sides of said radiating plate of the upper antenna element and / or shielding plate of the upper antenna element and / or plate of the lower antenna element and / or shielding the plates of the lower antenna element, the conductive elements bent into the antenna, which are thereby located vertically with respect to the respective plates. 10. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to claim 9, characterized in that the said curved elements of the radiating plate and / or the shielding plate of the upper antenna element and / or the plate of the lower antenna element and / or the shielding plate of the lower antenna element are curved inward antennas so as to be located at a certain distance externally or internally with respect to other opposing elements, bent from respectively the shielding plate and / or the radiating plate of the upper antenna ementa and / or lower shielding plate antenna element and / or the bottom plate of the antenna element. 11. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to claim 10, characterized in that the said bent elements are further bent and continued inside the antenna so as to be located at a certain length along the plate from which they are bent. 12. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to claim 9, characterized in that the said bent elements are further bent outward of the antenna at a certain distance so as to be located along a certain length along the plate from which they are bent. 13. An antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to any one of paragraphs.10-12, characterized in that the said curved elements are made in the form of a set of separate ribs, or combs, or teeth, or a set of pins. 14. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to item 13, wherein the width of one element of the ribs is much less than the wavelength of the received signal, and the distance between the elements of the set of ribs is less than the width of one element. 15. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to 14, characterized in that the bent elements of said set of separate ribs located on the shielding plate of the upper antenna element and / or the radiating plate of the upper antenna element and / or the shielding plate of the lower antenna element, and / or the plate of the lower antenna element have a certain overlapping area at their ends, formed between the opposite and at a certain distance from them bent elements of a separate set of ber emitting plate of the upper antenna element, and / or shielding plate of the upper antenna element, and / or plate of the lower antenna element, and / or shielding plate of the lower antenna element. 16. An antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to any one of paragraphs.14 and 15, characterized in that the said bent elements of a separate set of ribs are offset by a certain distance relative to the opposite bent elements of a set of separate ribs. 17. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to clause 16, characterized in that the bent elements are offset in such a way that they are located on the same common location line in between the opposite bent elements. 18. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to 17, characterized in that in the space formed between said shielding plate of the lower antenna element and the plate of the lower antenna element, a signal processing circuit and / or low-noise amplifier (LNA) is placed, and / or navigation receiver in a shielding screen. 19. A compact broadband dual-band antenna system for receiving a radio signal, comprising: a dual-band upper antenna element, under which there is a dual-band lower antenna element, a dual-band upper antenna element consists of a radiating plate of the first frequency range, radiating plates of the second frequency range, two corresponding shielding plates of the first and the second frequency ranges, and the radiating plate of the first range is located above the shielding plate for the first range, which is located close to the surface or at least part of the surface of the radiating plate of the second range, below which its shielding plate of the second range is located, the dual-band lower antenna element consists of: two shielding plates of the second and first frequency ranges and the plate of the second and the first frequency ranges, and under the shielding plate of the second frequency range placed a plate of the second range, which is located close to the surface or, in at least a portion of the surface of the shielding plate of the first range, the bottom of which is the plate of the first range, and the plate of the lower antenna element of the first range is placed on its outer side on a conductive cavity, which is a conductive housing, the dual-band upper antenna element is placed on at least part the surface of the dual-band lower antenna element so that the shielding plate for the second range of the upper antenna element is placed close to In particular, at least part of the surface of the shielding plate of the second range of the lower antenna element, the excitation system includes, in particular, at least two signal ports that are designed to input / output signals of the corresponding frequency ranges received / transmitted by said antenna system, moreover, the radiating plate of the first range of the upper antenna element is electrically interconnected and connected to the first signal port, and the radiating plate of the second range of the upper antenna element electrically interconnected and connected to the second signal port. 20. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to claim 19, characterized in that when installing the antenna on an external support with the ability to connect from below at least one additional conductive cavity, the overall dimension of the first and additional cavities should be less than the size of the shielding plate of the lower antenna element second range. 21. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to claim 19, characterized in that when installing the antenna directly from the bottom surface of the cavity on the conductive surface, for example on the roof of the vehicle, the overall dimension of the first and additional cavities must be equal to or greater than the size of the lower shield plate antenna element of the second range. 22. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to any one of paragraphs.19-21, characterized in that the overall dimension of at least one closed cavity is from 1 to 5 of the overall dimension of the lower antenna element of the second range. 23. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to item 22, characterized in that in the space between the radiating plate and the shielding plate of each range of the lower and upper antenna elements there is a slowdown structure, which is a dielectric or conductive structure, located at least , two opposite sides of the radiating plate of the first frequency range, and / or the shielding plate of the first frequency range, and / or the radiating plate of the second frequency range, and / or screen the radiating plate of the second frequency range, as well as on the dual-band lower antenna element, at least on two opposite sides of the plate of the second frequency range, and / or its shielding plate of the second frequency range, and / or the plate of the first frequency range, and / or its shielding the plates of the first frequency range of the curved conductive elements, thereby positioned vertically with respect to the respective plates. 24. The antenna system for receiving a radio signal according to item 22, wherein the radiating plate of the first frequency range is electrically interconnected with the first signal port in the dual-band upper antenna element, and the radiating plate of the second frequency range is electrically interconnected with the second signal port, and the dual-band lower band The antenna element is isolated from the signal port.

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