RU2482667C2 - Quick-mounting lightweight facility for rearing vealers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to facilities for loose keeping of vealers. The room facility comprises a roof, walls, windows, floor, plenum and exhaust ventilation, individual cells for vealers, equipped with buckets and a feeder. The roof is made three-layered comprising of a metal profile SIV-35, heat-vapor-insulating foil and penolin with the cross-section of 50 mm. The lower part of the longitudinal walls to a height of 150-170 cm from the concrete floor is made three-layered including the metal profile SIV-18, penolin with the cross-section of 10 mm, and moisture-proof plywood with the cross-section of 10 mm. The upper part of the longitudinal walls comprises window openings of 200-250 cm in height, filled with panels of cellular polycarbonate. The lower part of the windows is 130 cm in height along the length of the wall and is made removable.

EFFECT: invention provides comfortable conditions of management and care of vealers in winter, summer and transitional seasons, increased manufacturability of mechanised cleaning of the facility at the end of the rearing cycle of vealers.

7 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to premises for the loose housing of dairy calves.

A calf house with a double-sided arrangement of cages is known, with individual cells for milkweed calves located on its western but less sunny side, and group cells for weaning calves and group walking grounds located on the south side. On the continuation of the central aisle passage there is a feed storage (Meler A. Buildings and equipment for cattle / A. Meler, V. Heinig. - M .: Kolos, 1974. P.370-397). The room promotes the cultivation of healthy young animals, however, its construction and maintenance of animals grown in it are associated with significant costs.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed invention are individual houses made of carbonate plates for keeping calves in the cold season in the open air with the erection of canopies or without them. The floor is made of trellised panels. The upper ventilation is made in the form of a metal box with holes; rear ventilation - in the form of a metal circle with holes. Individual houses are protected from external adverse factors by food polyethylene, shockproof, frost-resistant, opaque to sunlight; equipped with a bucket with a pacifier for feeding the calves with milk, a bucket for feeding the calves with compound feed, a bucket for feeding the calves with water. The houses are adjoined by metal enclosures made of a steel bar or tube with two technological windows for feeding and watering calves with water (www.Igloos.ru. / Equipment for cattle - Molodnyak).

Individual houses for calves with a canopy to protect them from atmospheric precipitation and excessive solar radiation in the summer have a relatively low cost. The calves are isolated from each other, which excludes the transmission of infections, sucking and the formation of bisoirs in the stomachs, the growth retardation of weakened animals due to competition for food. The irreplaceable litter during the growing cycle due to "self-heating" in the cool time eliminates overcooling, which contributes to increased natural resistance. The exclusion of diseases and the early accreditation of calves to eat food favorably affects the intensity of growth of the pancreas; physiological maturity of heifers occurs at an earlier age. However, the disadvantage of this technical solution is that in winter, at negative temperatures below -15 ° C, in such lightweight rooms the calves experience stress, which is aggravated by their diseases. At low ambient temperatures, the observance of technological regulations is complicated: the temperature of the fed milk and water drops, the comfort of the staff decreases, especially in bad weather.

A disadvantage of the prototype is also the radiation of an unfavorable odor from plastic in the summer, which together with a non-replaceable litter creates gas contamination in the house, and its insufficient air volume does not provide optimal microclimate parameters for humidity, harmful gases, microorganisms and dust in the inhaled air.

The objective of the invention is the creation of comfortable conditions for the maintenance and care of calves in the winter, summer and transitional periods of the year, increasing the manufacturability of mechanized cleaning at the end of the calf breeding cycle.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that a quick-built lightweight room for raising dairy calves is proposed, including a roof, walls, windows, floor, supply and exhaust ventilation, individual cages for calves equipped with buckets, a feeding trough, characterized in that the roof is made of a three-layer, consisting from a metal profile SIV-35, heat and vapor insulation film and foam with a cross section of 50 mm, the lower part of the longitudinal walls up to a height of 150-170 cm from the concrete floor is made of three layers, including metal cue profile SIV-18, foam rubber with a cross section of 10 mm and moisture resistant plywood with a cross section of 10 mm; the upper part of the longitudinal walls includes window openings 200-250 cm high, filled with panels of cellular polycarbonate, while the lower part of the windows, which is 130 cm in height along the entire length of the wall, is removable. The quick-built lightweight room with a gate is divided into three tambours and four sections, with two end tambours 4 m wide, and a central vestibule 6 m wide, the doors of the tambours are equipped with gates. The sections of the room are equipped with individual cages for keeping calves, located along the longitudinal walls indented from the wall at a distance of at least 50 cm, filled with straw. Individual cells are made of a metal square profile with a cross section of 20 mm collapsible due to equipping them with rings and hooks made of a metal bar, the cell width being 120 cm, height 150 cm, length 175-180 cm; the front wall, which acts as a door, and the back have a height of 123 cm; the back and side walls at a height of 20 cm from the floor are equipped with a polycarbonate strip 70 cm high, and the door in the central part is equipped with a metal plate for fixing the nipple drinker in it, and along the edges with conical dividers, the narrowed part directed downwards, connected to metal rings for installing and fixing buckets in them. Individual cells are placed at a distance of not less than 30 cm from one another, while the intercellular space is filled with hay, which serves both as food and insulation. The room is equipped with a ventilation device in the form of a duct 210-220 cm long, 175-190 cm wide, 10 cm high, the top and bottom of which are made of cellular polycarbonate, and the side walls are made of wooden boards with a cross section of 50 × 100 mm, along with the inside a box of the same cross section is laid in the box’s space, dividing the box into two parts, and the box is closed with a net on the outer wall of the room, and equipped with independent lids on the inside of the room to regulate air flow. Each section is equipped with three supply ducts. In addition, the room is equipped with exhaust ventilation, made in the form of a series of polyethylene pipes with a diameter of 16 cm, the lower end of which is placed at the level of the cage, and the upper is brought out above the roof, with each section equipped with 4-5 exhaust pipes.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a General view of a section of a pre-fabricated lightweight premises for growing calves of the dairy period;

figure 2 - diagram of the side wall of an individual cell for growing young animals;

Fig 3 is a diagram of the back wall of an individual cell;

figure 4 is a diagram of the door of an individual cell;

figure 5 is a diagram of a General view of the duct ventilation;

figure 6 - arrangement of sections and vestibules of the premises, as well as mechanized cleaning of the premises;

Fig.7 is a General view of the pre-fabricated lightweight premises for growing calves of the dairy period. Outside with ventilation. Some windows are open;

on Fig - a General view of the pre-fabricated lightweight premises for growing calves of the dairy period. Exterior wall with exhaust ventilation. The windows are closed.

The frame of the room is made of support pipes with a diameter of 25 cm, a height of 4 and 5 m, on which trusses from a channel-16 and a metal corner-50 are laid, carrying a three-layer roof, including a metal profile SIV-35, heat-vapor insulation film and foam rubber with a cross section of 50 mm. The sides of the frame are connected by a metal corner and boards, while the lower part 1 of the longitudinal walls up to a height of 150-170 cm from the concrete floor is made of three layers, including the metal profile SIV-18, foam rubber with a cross section of 10 mm and moisture resistant plywood with a cross section of 10 mm, the upper part of the longitudinal walls has window openings 2 with a height of 200-250 cm, into which panels of cellular polycarbonate with a cross section of 10 mm are inserted; the lower part of the windows, which is 120-130 cm in height along the entire length of the wall, is removable to provide natural ventilation in the spring-summer season. The room with a gate is divided into three vestibules 3 and four sections 4, with two end vestibules 4 m wide and a central vestibule 6 m wide. The vestibule doors are equipped with gates for passage of maintenance personnel.

Section 4 of the room is equipped with individual cells 5, placed along the longitudinal walls indented from the wall at a distance of not less than 50 cm, filled with straw. The space between the rows of cells serves as a technological passage for maintenance personnel and entry-exit for equipment when cleaning the room from manure.

In each section, 26 young animals are placed. The total capacity of the premises is designed for 104 cattle places.

Individual cells 5 are made of a metal square profile with a cross section of 20 mm collapsible due to equipping them with rings and hooks made of a metal rod, the cell width being 120 cm, height 150 cm, length 175-180 cm; the front wall, which serves as the door 6, and the rear 7 have a height of 123 cm; at the same time, the rear 7 and side 8 walls at a height of 20 cm from the floor are equipped with a polycarbonate strip 70 cm high, and the door 6 in the central part is equipped with a metal plate 9 for fixing the nipple drinker in it, and at the edges with tapered dividers 10, the narrowed part directed downwards connected to metal rings 11 for installing buckets 12 in them.

Individual cells are placed at a distance of not less than 30 cm from one another, while the intercellular space is filled with hay, which serves both as food and insulation.

The prefabricated lightweight room is equipped with a supply ventilation device 13 in the form of a box 210-220 cm long, 175-190 cm wide, 10 cm high, the top 14 and bottom 15 of which are made of cellular polycarbonate, and the side walls 16 are made of wooden boards with a section of 50x100 mm, this along the inner space of the box laid board 17 of the same cross-section, dividing the box into two parts. On the outside of the room, the box is closed with a grid, and on the inside it is equipped with independent lids 18 for regulating the flow of air. Each section is equipped with three supply ducts.

The exhaust ventilation device 19 is made of plastic pipes with a diameter of 16 cm, placed on a high wall, the lower end of which is placed indoors at the level of an individual cage, and the upper end is led above the roof. Each section is equipped with 4-5 exhaust pipes.

The room is used as follows.

The prefabricated lightweight room for growing calves of the dairy period operates in two versions:

- open type at positive temperatures;

- closed type at stable negative temperatures.

The climate control is carried out using natural ventilation and the removal of the removable part of the window panels in the warm season.

Before filling the section with 4 calves, litter is placed in individual cells 5 — dry straw with a layer of 15-20 cm. Subsequently, fresh straw is added to individual cells 5 as necessary. The spacing from the walls is also filled with dry straw. The intercellular space is filled with hay, which serves as both feed and insulation.

The sections are completed with 4 calves for 15 days.

After consumption of the first colostrum, the calves, having dried, enter individual cells 5, where they contain up to 2-2.5 months. age. Upon reaching this age, calves are transferred to another room or site in a group of cells.

In the first 5-7 days after birth, the calves are fed with mother's milk using a nipple installed in the plate 9 of the door 6, then with the collected milk through the nipple from the bucket. Concentrated feeds are given ad libitum during daily cleaning of the feeding bucket 11. Hay is freely available, between the side walls of 8 individual cages 5. The calves are fed water from the bucket 12 from the 5th day ad libitum.

In the cold season, polycarbonate is installed in the window openings 2, the ventilation is carried out through the duct 13 located in the ceiling area, which allows warming the incoming air; the exhaust air is discharged from the room through the exhaust ventilation 19.

At the end of the cycle of growing and transferring the calves to another room or to the site of section 4, they clean; while individual cells 5 are dismantled, washed, treated with a disinfectant solution. Litter and manure are removed using a tractor equipped with a bulldozer shovel and a loader, according to the scheme shown in Fig.6. In this case, the dashed arrows indicate the direction of opening the gate, solid arrows indicate the direction of movement of the tractor when harvesting sections 4.

Each section 4 is cleaned independently of one another, which eliminates the stress of calves and ensures the independent formation of their technological groups on the principle of "empty-busy."

The room is washed and disinfected with the means permitted by veterinary rules. The sanitary and preventive break between technological cycles is at least two weeks.

The invention promotes the cultivation of healthy young animals, makes the work of the maintenance staff comfortable, and also increases the level of mechanization of production technology.

The practice of using a prefabricated lightweight room for raising dairy calves in the Federal State Unitary Enterprise EC “Klenovo-Chegodaevo” of the Russian Agricultural Academy in Moscow Region showed that the cost of one cattle house in this room was 25 thousand rubles.

The growth rate during the milky period of growing was 750 g in heifers, in calves 800-850 g of the average daily gain with high preservation of calves - 99.5%.

The invention is applicable in the dairy industry.

Claims (7)

1. A prefabricated lightweight room for growing dairy calves, including a roof, walls, windows, floor, supply and exhaust ventilation, individual cages for calves equipped with buckets, a feeding trough, characterized in that the roof is made of a three-layer, consisting of a metal profile SIV-35 , heat and vapor insulation film and foam with a cross section of 50 mm, the lower part of the longitudinal walls up to a height of 150-170 cm from the concrete floor is made three-layer, including a metal profile SIV-18, foam with a cross section of 10 mm and moisture-proof plywood cross-section Niemi 10 mm; the upper part of the longitudinal walls includes window openings with a height of 200-250 cm filled with panels of cellular polycarbonate, while the lower part of the windows, which is 130 cm in height along the entire length of the wall, is removable. 2. The room according to claim 1, characterized in that the gate is divided into three vestibules and four sections, with two end vestibules each 4 m wide, and a central vestibule 6 m wide, the doors of the vestibules are equipped with gates. 3. The room according to claim 2, characterized in that the sections are equipped with individual cells located along the longitudinal walls indented from the wall at a distance of at least 50 cm filled with straw. 4. The room according to claim 3, characterized in that the individual cells are made of a metal square profile with a cross section of 20 mm collapsible, due to equipping them with rings and hooks made of a metal bar, the cell width being 120 cm, height 150 cm, length 175- 180 cm; the front wall, which acts as a door, and the back have a height of 123 cm; the back and side walls at a height of 20 cm from the floor are equipped with a polycarbonate strip 70 cm high, and the door in the central part is equipped with a metal plate for fixing the nipple drinker in it, and along the edges with conical dividers, the narrowed part directed downwards, connected to metal rings for installing and fixing buckets in them. 5. The room according to claim 3, characterized in that the individual cells are placed at a distance of at least 30 cm from one another, while the intercellular space is filled with hay, which serves both as food and insulation. 6. The room according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a ventilation device in the form of a duct 210-220 cm long, 175-190 cm wide, 10 cm high, the top and bottom of which are made of cellular polycarbonate, and the side walls are made of a wooden board with a cross section of 50 × 100 mm, while a board of the same cross section is laid along the inside of the box, dividing the box into two parts, the box being closed with a net on the outside of the room, and equipped with independent covers for regulating air flow on the inside of the room; each section is equipped with three supply ducts. 7. The room according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with exhaust ventilation, made in the form of a series of polyethylene pipes with a diameter of 16 cm, the lower end of which is placed at the level of the cage, and the upper is brought out above the roof, each section being equipped with 4-5 exhaust pipes .

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