RU2482464C2 - Tribotechnical material test device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: test equipment.

SUBSTANCE: device includes a rotation drive, strain gauges of normal and tangent forces, which are arranged in a U-shaped monoblock representing a beam with force concentrators, a recording unit, a test specimen and a test specimen fixing assembly. In addition, the device includes the following components: replaceable inserts to be installed in the U-shaped monoblock; replaceable fixing assemblies of the specimens, which correspond to different tribotechnical test patterns, and the second strain gauge of tangent forces. In the U-shaped monoblock, axes of sensors of normal and tangent forces are located perpendicular to each other, force concentrators are made in the form of cylindrical slots, and replaceable inserts include an elastic element, the stiffness of which is less than that of the U-shaped monoblock.

EFFECT: simplifying the friction and wear test device, enlarging its functional capabilities, and improving the evaluation accuracy of determined characteristics.

1 tbl, 4 cl, 25 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of research on the tribological properties of structural and lubricating materials, and in particular, to devices for conducting friction and wear tests, allowing the use of turning or drilling machines as a drive.

A similar device is described in the patent [1]. The device contains a base, a sample holder (spherical heel), a sample holder associated with a rotation drive, force sensors made in the form of elastic elements with strain gauges mounted on them, a load assembly consisting of a pneumatic system, and the load is applied to the sample sample by compressed air.

The disadvantages of the analogue are the complexity of the device and the limited functionality.

As a prototype of the selected device for testing friction and wear, described in the patent [2]. The device comprises a rotation drive in the form of a high-torque electric motor, the stator of which is connected through a bearing to the hollow rotor, in which the test disk is mounted, which interacts with the indenter, mounted in a U-shaped monoblock containing tensometric sensors of normal and tangential forces associated with the stator. The indenter is pressed against the lateral surface of the disk due to the intrinsic elasticity of the U-shaped monoblock, and strain gauge sensors are connected to the recording device.

The disadvantages of the prototype are: the complexity of the implementation of the device, insufficient accuracy of the assessment of the determined characteristics (normal and tangential forces) due to the fact that loading is due to elastic deformation of a relatively rigid sensor of normal forces, as well as the functional limitations of this device, which covers only the friction scheme "finger-disk "," Ball-disk ". In addition, heating of the U-shaped monoblock due to friction will lead to distortion of the sensor readings.

The technical result of the present invention is to simplify the device for testing friction and wear, expand its functionality, as well as to increase the accuracy of the assessment of the determined characteristics.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for tribotechnical testing of materials, including a rotation drive, load cells of normal and tangential forces, placed in a U-shaped monoblock, which is a beam with force concentrators, a recording unit, a counter sample, a counter sample fixing unit, also additionally contains the following elements : replaceable inserts for installation in a U-shaped monoblock; interchangeable attachment points for samples corresponding to various tribological testing schemes; the second shear force sensor, and in the U-shaped monoblock, the axes of the normal and tangential force sensors are perpendicular to each other, the force concentrators are made in the form of cylindrical grooves, and replaceable inserts contain an elastic element whose rigidity is less than the stiffness of the U-shaped monoblock.

The specified result is also achieved by the fact that the device further comprises a cooler.

The specified result is also achieved by the fact that the device further comprises a temperature sensor.

The specified result is also achieved by the fact that the device additionally contains an electronic key associated with the drive.

The inventive device (Fig. 1) contains a drive 1 on which a U-shaped monoblock 2 and a sample attachment unit 3 are mounted, which are connected to the input of the amplifier unit 4, the output of which is connected to the analog part of the data acquisition system 5, the output of which is connected to a personal computer 6, on which the work program is installed; an electronic key 7, the input of which is connected to the digital part of the data acquisition system 5, and the output to the drive 1; interchangeable inserts 8, with the possibility of their installation in a U-shaped monoblock 2 or in the drive 1.

As the drive 1 can be used standard metal-cutting machines of a turning and drilling group.

U-shaped monoblock (figure 2) contains a housing 9 having a shank that provides the ability to secure the U-shaped monoblock in the grip of a drilling machine or in the tool holder of a lathe. A drive pin 10 is inserted into the housing, providing the possibility of transferring the load to the first tangential force sensor, structurally made in the form of a local narrowing of the housing 9 due to two cylindrical grooves, strain gages 11, 12 are glued to the side surfaces of the housing, with a hole with a fixing screw 13 for the possibility of fixing replaceable inserts in a U-shaped monoblock 8. In the bend plane of the first tangent force sensor there is additionally a second tangent force sensor, structurally made similar to a gap based on the strain gauges 14, 15. Perpendicular to the bending plane of the above tangent force sensors is a normal force sensor based on the strain gauges 16, 17. The housing 9 is located inside the protective casing 18, which is made in the form of a thin-walled shell with slots and an air cooler 19, providing the possibility of air circulation inside the casing for cooling the strain gauges of the normal and tangential forces of the measuring unit.

The mount of sample 3 is made in six versions.

The first option - a cup with a clamping ring (figure 3) - contains a cup 20 on the side of which there is a blind hole for installing a thermocouple 21 connected to the amplifier unit 4. At the bottom in the center of the cup there is a conical recess for installing the cup in U- monoblock, and on the periphery - a blind hole for installation in it the free end of the leash pin. A flat sample 22 is installed inside the cup (with dimensions not exceeding the dimensions of the inner cavity of the cup), pressed to the bottom of the cup with three screws 23 through the clamping ring 24.

The second option - a cup with a mandrel for balls (figure 4) - contains the above-described cup 20, inside of which pins 25 are screwed into three blind threaded holes, onto which a standard cage is used, used for tribological testing of lubricants according to a four-ball pattern. The holder for fixing the three ball samples 26 comprises a housing 27 and a threaded clamping nut 28. At the bottom of the housing of the holder 27 there are three holes for the possibility of installing the holder on the pins 25.

The third option - the disk with the clamping ring (figure 5) - is similar to the first option (figure 3), in which instead of the cup 20 is used the disk 29, structurally made as a cup 20 without side walls. This site allows you to fix flat samples 30 with dimensions exceeding the size of the disk.

The fourth option - the mandrel for the rollers (6) - contains a cylindrical body 31, the shank of which is fixed in the chuck of the lathe, and a roller sample 32 is put on the opposite part and fixed on the housing with a bolt 33 through the clamping washer 34.

The fifth option - a mandrel for disks (Fig.7) - contains a housing 35 having a shank for fixing the mandrel in the cartridge of a drilling or turning machine, as well as a cavity for accommodating a sample 36 of a disk shape, which is fixed inside the cavity with three screws 37.

The sixth option - a cup with a rod (Fig. 8) - contains a cup 20, in the bottom of which are screwed the pins 25, on which the roller sample 38 is put on. On top of the hole in the sample 38 is the end of the pin 39, the shank of which is clamped into the drill chuck. On the flange of the pin there is a pin 40, on which the roller counter 41 is inserted completely into the collar. To prevent the possibility of the counter 41 falling out, a permanent magnet 42 is inserted into the collar of the rod.

The block of amplifiers 4 includes strain gauges of two load cells of tangential forces and one load sensor of normal load, as well as a signal amplifier of thermocouple 21.

The data acquisition system 5 of the device is implemented on the basis of serial devices, for example, LA-50USB, E14-140, E14-440, etc., having analog and digital parts, as well as a port for communication with a personal computer 6.

A working program is installed on a personal computer (for example, a commercial software product “PowerGraph”) for testing, which includes functions for monitoring, converting (for example, calibration, filtering, etc.) and storing the obtained experimental data in a permanent memory of the computer.

An electronic key made on the basis of, for example, semistors, connected to the digital part of the data acquisition system and the drive, provides the ability to control the drive of the device through a work program. In this case, the start-up of the device is synchronized with the beginning of the registration of experimental data, and the device is turned off when the test time, friction moment or temperature of the set limit values are reached.

Replaceable inserts 8 are made in six versions.

The first option (Fig. 9) - a conical insert - consists of a needle support 43 having a shank for its installation in the housing of the U-shaped monoblock, and a conical top, as well as an elastic element 44 with stiffness less than the rigidity of the housing of the U-shaped monoblock . The elastic element 44 is designed to damp dynamic loads arising due to drive runout and unevenness on the surfaces of the test specimens, which will increase the accuracy and repeatability of tribological tests. This insert serves as a support for the cup 20 or disk 29, used for fastening flat samples at relatively low normal loads (up to 20 kgf) during tribological tests.

The second option (figure 10) - the spherical insert is structurally and in purpose similar to the conical insert described above and contains a spherical support 45 with an elastic element 44. The difference is that the spherical insert has a larger abutment surface than the cone. This allows you to use this insert at high normal loads (more than 20 kgf) during tribological tests.

The third option (Fig. 11) - an insert with a rotating ball - consists of a housing 46, relative to which the ball counter-sample 47 can rotate through an intermediate layer of support balls 48. From falling out, the balls 47 and 48 are held by a cover 49 screwed to the housing by screws 50. The housing 46 is inserted into the shank 51 through an elastic element 44 and fixed by a screw 52. This insert is used for tribological testing of rolling friction samples.

The fourth variant (Fig. 12) - an insert with a non-rotating ball - consists of a housing 53, on which a ball counter-sample 47 is fixedly fixed with a nut 54. The housing, similarly to the previous version, is installed in the shank 51 through an elastic element 44 and fixed with a screw 52.

The fifth option (Fig.13) - an insert with a tubular counter-sample - contains a tubular counter-sample 55 installed in the shank 51 through the elastic element 44 similarly to the third and fourth options. This insert during testing is fixed in the chuck of the drilling machine.

The sixth option (Fig) - an insert with a rod counter-sample - contains a rod counter-sample 56 installed in the shank 51 similarly to the previous embodiment. The insert is used for finger-disk testing.

A feature of tubular 55 and rod 56 counter-samples is that when worn on one side, they can be turned over and used on the other.

The operation of the device in dynamics.

The device in the above configuration allows you to implement 19 options tribological tests listed in the table.

The first option (Fig.15). A ball rolling insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. The shank of the U-shaped monoblock is fixed in the tool holder of the lathe. For tribotechnical tests, a cylindrical sample made of the test material is taken and fixed in the lathe chuck (without using special sample attachment points). The ball counter-sample is pressed against the lateral surface of the cylindrical sample under a given normal load (the load value is controlled by the plot of the normal load value displayed on a computer screen in real time). A layer of the required lubricant is applied to the friction surface. When starting the lathe, the sample begins to rotate at a given frequency. The resulting rolling friction force between the cylindrical specimen and the ball counter-pattern is determined by the second tangential force sensor of the U-shaped monoblock. The signals from the sensors of normal and tangential forces are amplified by a block of amplifiers, digitized in a data acquisition system and transmitted to a computer. Tests automatically stop when one of the monitored parameters (test duration, friction force) reaches the specified maximum value. This test variant serves to reproduce the operating conditions of raceways in deep groove ball bearings. Each new test is carried out in a new section of a cylindrical sample and with a new ball (counter-sample).

The second option (Fig.15). This option is similar in all respects to the first option, but at the same time a sliding ball insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. This option is used to simulate the working conditions of radial plain bearings.

The third option (Fig.16). A ball rolling insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. The shank of the U-shaped monoblock is fixed in the tool holder of the lathe. For tribotechnical tests, a cylindrical sample made of the test material is taken and fixed in the lathe chuck (without using special sample attachment points). The ball counter-sample is pressed against the end surface of the cylindrical sample under a given normal load (the load value is controlled by the diagram of the normal load value displayed on a computer screen in real time). A layer of the required lubricant is applied to the end surface of the cylindrical sample. When starting the lathe, the sample begins to rotate at a given frequency. The resulting rolling friction force between the cylindrical specimen and the ball counter-pattern is determined by the second tangential force sensor of the U-shaped monoblock. The signals from the sensors of normal and tangential forces are amplified by a block of amplifiers, digitized in a data acquisition system and transmitted to a computer. Tests automatically stop when one of the monitored parameters (test duration, friction force) reaches the specified maximum value. This test variant serves to reproduce the operating conditions of raceways in thrust ball bearings. Each new test is performed after removal of the worn part of the sample with a new ball (counter-sample).

The fourth option (Fig.16). This option is similar in all respects to the previous (third) option, but at the same time, a slip ball insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. This option is used to simulate the operating conditions of thrust bearings.

The fifth option (Fig.17). A ball rolling insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. The shank of the U-shaped monoblock is fixed in the tool holder of the lathe. For tribotechnical tests, a cylindrical sample with an aperture made of the material being tested is taken and installed in a mandrel for the rollers, which, in turn, is fixed in the lathe chuck. The ball counter-sample is pressed to the side surface of the sample under a given normal load (the load value is controlled by the plot of the normal load value displayed on the computer screen in real time). A layer of the desired lubricant is applied to the side surface of the sample. When starting the lathe, the sample begins to rotate at a given frequency. The resulting rolling friction force between the cylindrical specimen and the ball counter-pattern is determined by the second tangential force sensor of the U-shaped monoblock. The signals from the sensors of normal and tangential forces are amplified by a block of amplifiers, digitized in a data acquisition system and transmitted to a computer. Tests automatically stop when one of the monitored parameters (test duration, friction force) reaches the specified maximum value. This test variant serves to reproduce the operating conditions of raceways in radial ball bearings. Each new test is carried out in a new section of the sample and with a new ball (counter sample). In addition, in this embodiment, it is possible to conduct full-scale tests using the inner rings of radial ball bearings as samples.

The sixth option (Fig.17). This option is similar to the previous (fifth) option, but at the same time a ball slip insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. This option is used to simulate the working conditions of radial plain bearings. In this case, full-scale samples of sliding bushings can be used as samples.

Seventh option (Fig. 18). A ball rolling insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. The shank of the U-shaped monoblock is fixed in the tool holder of the lathe. For tribotechnical tests, a sample is taken in the form of a disk made of the test material, and it is installed in a disk mandrel, which is fixed in the lathe chuck. The ball counter-sample is pressed against the end surface of the sample under a given normal load (the load value is controlled by the diagram of the normal load value displayed on a computer screen in real time). A layer of the required lubricant is applied to the end surface of the sample. When starting the lathe, the sample begins to rotate at a given frequency. The resulting rolling friction force between the cylindrical specimen and the ball counter-pattern is determined by the second tangential force sensor of the U-shaped monoblock. The signals from the sensors of normal and tangential forces are amplified by a block of amplifiers, digitized in a data acquisition system and transmitted to a computer. Tests automatically stop when one of the monitored parameters (test duration, friction force) reaches the specified maximum value. This test variant serves to reproduce the operating conditions of raceways in thrust ball bearings. Each new test is performed after removal of the worn part of the sample and with a new ball (counter-sample).

The eighth option (Fig. 18). This option is similar to the previous (seventh) option, but at the same time, a ball slip insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. This option is used to simulate the operating conditions of thrust bearings. At the same time, full-scale parts of thrust sliding bearings can be used as samples.

The ninth option. This option is similar to the previous two (seventh and eighth) options, but at the same time, an insert with a core sample is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. This option implements a standard finger-disk tribotechnical test scheme.

The tenth option (Fig.19). A conical or spherical insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. The shank of the U-shaped monoblock is fixed in the vice of the drilling machine so that the axis of the insert coincides with the axis of rotation of the spindle of the machine. For tribotechnical tests, take three balls and install them in a cup with a mandrel for balls. The cup is mounted on top of a conical or spherical insert so that the lead pin fits into a recess at the bottom of the cup. In the chuck of the drilling machine, the shank of the sliding ball insert is clamped. The required lubricant is poured into the cup. A ball counter-sample mounted in a sliding ball insert is lowered onto three balls fixed in the cage. Then, a standard tribotechnical test (GOST 9490-75) is carried out, carried out on four-ball friction machines. When starting the drilling machine, the ball counter-sample begins to rotate at a given frequency. The resulting sliding friction force between the cylindrical specimen and the ball counter-pattern is determined by the first tangential force sensor of the U-shaped monoblock. The signals from the sensors of normal and tangential forces are amplified by a block of amplifiers, digitized in a data acquisition system and transmitted to a computer. Tests automatically stop when one of the monitored parameters (test duration, friction force) reaches the specified maximum value.

The eleventh option (Fig.20). A conical or spherical insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock (depending on the required value of the normal load). The shank of the U-shaped monoblock is fixed in the vice of the drilling machine so that the axis of the insert coincides with the axis of rotation of the spindle of the machine. A mandrel with a stem is selected from the set of accessories. For tribotechnical tests, take an annular sample and install it inside the cup, fitting the sample onto three pins screwed into the bottom of the cup. The cup is mounted on top of a conical or spherical insert so that the lead pin fits into a recess at the bottom of the cup. In the drill chuck clamp the rod. An annular counter-sample is put on the bottom from the bottom until it stops against the collar, ensuring that the pin screwed into the collar gets into the corresponding hole in the counter-protector. In this case, the ring is fixed on the rod due to the permanent magnet embedded in the shoulder of the rod. The required lubricant is placed in the cup. Lower the stem with the counter-sample onto the sample mounted in the cup so that the protruding portion of the stem fits into the hole of the sample. A friction pair is loaded by suspending the required load on the handle of vertical movement of the drill spindle. When starting the drilling machine, the counter sample starts to rotate at a given frequency. The resulting sliding friction force between the end surfaces of the sample and the counter-sample is determined by the first tangential force sensor of the U-shaped monoblock. The signals from the sensors of normal and tangential forces are amplified by a block of amplifiers, digitized in a data acquisition system and transmitted to a computer. Tests automatically stop when one of the controlled parameters (test duration, friction force) reaches the specified maximum value. In this embodiment (end tribometer), the operating conditions of thrust plain bearings are simulated.

The twelfth option (Fig.21). A conical or spherical insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock (depending on the required value of the normal load). The shank of the U-shaped monoblock is fixed in the vice of the drilling machine so that the axis of the insert coincides with the axis of rotation of the spindle of the machine. Select a cup with an annular clip from the existing equipment. For tribotechnical tests, a flat sample is taken and placed in the center of the inner cavity of the cup, pressed to the bottom by a pressure ring with three screws that are screwed into the bottom of the cup. The cup is mounted on top of a conical or spherical insert so that the lead pin fits into a recess at the bottom of the cup. A mandrel with a tubular sample is clamped in a drill chuck. The required lubricant is placed in the cup. The end face of the tubular counter-sample is lowered onto the sample and the joint is loaded by suspending the required load on the handle of vertical movement of the drill spindle. When starting the drilling machine, the counter sample starts to rotate at a given frequency. The resulting sliding friction force is determined by the first tangential force sensor of the U-shaped monoblock. The signals from the sensors of normal and tangential forces are amplified by a block of amplifiers, digitized in a data acquisition system and transmitted to a computer. Tests automatically stop when one of the monitored parameters (test duration, friction force) reaches the specified maximum value. In this embodiment (end tribometer), the operating conditions of thrust plain bearings are simulated.

The thirteenth option (Fig.22). A conical or spherical insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock (depending on the required value of the normal load). The shank of the U-shaped monoblock is fixed in the vice of the drilling machine so that the axis of the insert coincides with the axis of rotation of the spindle of the machine. Select from the existing equipment a disk with a ring clamp. For tribotechnical tests, take a flat sample and install it in the center of the upper part of the disk, pressing it with a clamping ring using three screws that are screwed into the disk. The disk is mounted on top of a conical or spherical insert so that the lead pin fits into a recess at the bottom of the disk. A mandrel with a tubular sample is clamped in a drill chuck. A layer of the required lubricant is applied to the surface of the test sample. The end face of the tubular counter-sample is lowered onto the sample and the joint is loaded by suspending the required load on the handle of vertical movement of the drill spindle. When starting the drilling machine, the counter sample starts to rotate at a given frequency. The resulting sliding friction force is determined by the first tangential force sensor of the U-shaped monoblock. The signals from the sensors of normal and tangential forces are amplified by a block of amplifiers, digitized in a data acquisition system and transmitted to a computer. Tests automatically stop when one of the monitored parameters (test duration, friction force) reaches the specified maximum value. In this embodiment (end tribometer), the operating conditions of thrust plain bearings are simulated.

Fourteenth option (Fig.23). A ball rolling insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. The shank of the U-shaped monoblock is fixed in a vise on the table of the drilling machine so that the insert axis is parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine spindle, but with a lateral offset equal to the required radius of the friction track. For tribotechnical tests, a sample is taken in the form of a disk made of the test material, it is installed in a disk mandrel, which is fixed in the drill chuck. A layer of lubricant is applied to the disk. The mandrel with the sample is lowered onto the counter sample and pressed to it under the specified normal load by suspending the required load on the handle of vertical movement of the drill spindle (the load value is controlled by the diagram of the normal load value displayed on the computer screen in real time). When starting the drilling machine, the sample begins to rotate at a given frequency. The resulting rolling friction force between the end face of the disk sample and the ball counter-sample is determined by the second tangential force sensor of the U-shaped monoblock. The signals from the sensors of normal and tangential forces are amplified by a block of amplifiers, digitized in a data acquisition system and transmitted to a computer. Tests automatically stop when one of the monitored parameters (test duration, friction force) reaches the specified maximum value. This test variant serves to reproduce the operating conditions of raceways in thrust ball bearings. Each new test is performed after removal of the worn part of the sample and with a new ball (counter-sample).

The fifteenth option (Fig.23). This option is similar to the previous (fourteenth) option, but at the same time a ball slip insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. This option is used to simulate the operating conditions of thrust bearings. At the same time, full-scale parts of thrust sliding bearings can be used as samples.

The sixteenth option. This option is similar to the previous two (fourteenth and fifteenth) options, but at the same time, an insert with a core sample is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. This option implements a standard finger-disk tribotechnical test scheme.

Seventeenth option (Fig.24). A ball rolling insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. The shank of the U-shaped monoblock is fixed in a vise on the table of the drilling machine so that the insert axis is parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine spindle, but with a lateral offset equal to the required radius of the friction track. For tribotechnical tests, a cylindrical sample made of the test material is taken and fixed in the lathe chuck (without using special sample attachment points). A layer of lubricant is applied to the end of the cylindrical sample. The sample is lowered onto the counter-sample and pressed against it under a given normal load by suspending the required load on the handle of vertical movement of the drill spindle (the load value is controlled by the plot of the normal load value displayed on the computer screen in real time). When starting the drilling machine, the sample begins to rotate at a given frequency. The resulting rolling friction force between the end face of the cylindrical specimen and the ball counter-pattern is determined by the second tangential force sensor of the U-shaped monoblock. The signals from the sensors of normal and tangential forces are amplified by a block of amplifiers, digitized in a data acquisition system and transmitted to a computer. Tests automatically stop when one of the monitored parameters (test duration, friction force) reaches the specified maximum value. This test variant serves to reproduce the operating conditions of raceways in thrust ball bearings. Each new test is performed after removal of the worn part of the sample and with a new ball (counter-sample).

The eighteenth option (Fig.24). This option is similar to the previous (seventeenth) option, but at the same time, a ball slip insert is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. This option is used to simulate the operating conditions of thrust bearings.

The nineteenth option (Fig.24). This option is similar to the previous two (seventeenth and eighteenth) options, but at the same time an insert with a core sample is installed in the U-shaped monoblock. This option implements the scheme of tribotechnical tests "finger-disk".

Example. We tested the antifriction and anti-wear properties of a silver-plated washer used in the serial production of drill bit supports at Volgaburmash OJSC. Washer dimensions: outer diameter 54 mm, hole diameter 20 mm, thickness 2.5 mm. The thickness of the silver coating is 20 microns. Washer operating conditions: lubricant - standard JBL bit-type grease; normal pressure - 13 MPa; type of friction - boundary sliding friction. For testing the washers, option 13 was chosen. The tubular sample had an outer diameter of 6 mm and a hole diameter of 4 mm. The friction surface area was 15.7 mm. The calculated normal load for reproducing during tests of the working normal pressure is 204.1 N. The test washer was fixed with a clamping ring to the disk. A 1 mm thick JBL grease was applied to the surface of the washer located inside the ring. A mandrel with a tubular counter sample was installed in the drill chuck. A spherical insert was inserted into the hole of the U-shaped monoblock and a U-shaped monoblock was installed in a vise on the table of the drilling machine so that the top of the spherical insert was located along the axis of rotation of the tubular counter-sample. Then the tubular counter-sample was lowered onto the surface of the tested washer and pressed them under a load of 200 N (Fig. 22). A thermocouple was inserted into the side hole on the disk. From the work program, they simultaneously powered the machine and began recording experimental data in the form of diagrams “normal load - running hours”, “warm-up temperature - running hours”. The obtained experimental data are shown in Fig.25.

After the operating time of 1 hour, the stand was automatically turned off. The sample was removed from the disk and the linear wear on the annular friction section was evaluated by profiling (artificial base method). Wear in the friction zone was 14 μm. The average moment of friction was 0.025 N · m. The heating temperature of the sample was 55 ° C.

Graphic materials of the application contain:

Figure 1 - block diagram of a device for tribological testing of materials;

Figure 2 - diagram of a U-shaped monoblock;

Figure 3 is a diagram of a first embodiment of a sample attachment assembly;

Figure 4 is a diagram of a second embodiment of a sample mount;

5 is a diagram of a third embodiment of a sample mount;

6 is a diagram of a fourth embodiment of a sample mount;

Fig. 7 is a diagram of a fifth embodiment of a specimen attachment assembly;

Fig. 8 is a diagram of a sixth embodiment of a specimen attachment assembly;

Fig.9 is a diagram of a first embodiment of a removable insert;

Figure 10 is a diagram of a second embodiment of a removable insert;

11 is a diagram of a third embodiment of a removable insert;

12 is a diagram of a fourth embodiment of a removable insert;

13 is a diagram of a fifth embodiment of a removable insert;

Fig. 14 is a diagram of a sixth embodiment of a removable insert;

Fig is a diagram of the first and second options for completing the device for the implementation of tribological tests;

Fig. 16 is a diagram of a third and a fourth embodiment of a device for implementing tribotechnical tests;

Fig is a diagram of the fifth and sixth variants of the configuration of the device for the implementation of tribological tests;

Fig. 18 is a diagram of a seventh, eighth, and ninth embodiment of a device configuration for implementing tribological tests;

Fig. 19 is a diagram of a tenth embodiment of a configuration of a device for implementing tribological tests;

Fig. 20 is a diagram of an eleventh embodiment of a configuration of a device for implementing tribotechnical tests;

Fig is a diagram of a twelfth embodiment of a device for implementing tribological tests;

Fig. 22 is a diagram of a thirteenth embodiment of a configuration of a device for implementing tribological tests;

Fig is a diagram of the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth variants of the configuration of the device for the implementation of tribological tests;

Fig is a diagram of the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth variants of the configuration of the device for the implementation of tribological tests;

Fig - diagrams of experimental data "normal load - running hours", "heating temperature - running hours."

Used Books

1. RF patent No. 2379648. Device for testing materials for friction and wear / Bronovets M.A., Volodin M.V. Publ. 01/20/2010, bull. No. 2.

2. RF patent No. 2279057. Device for testing materials for friction and wear / Bronovets M.A. Publ. 06/27/2006, bull. Number 18.

Claims (4)

1. A device for testing materials for friction, including a rotation drive, load cells of normal and tangential forces, placed in a U-shaped monoblock, which is a beam with force concentrators, a recording unit, a counter sample, a counter sample fixing unit, characterized in that the device further comprises the following elements: replaceable inserts for installation in a U-shaped monoblock; interchangeable attachment points for samples corresponding to various tribological testing schemes; the second shear force sensor, and in the U-shaped monoblock, the axes of the normal and tangential force sensors are perpendicular to each other, the force concentrators are made in the form of cylindrical grooves, and replaceable inserts contain an elastic element whose rigidity is less than the stiffness of the U-shaped monoblock. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a cooler. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a temperature sensor. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an electronic key associated with the drive.

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