RU2480868C1 - Active space transmitting antenna array - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.SUBSTANCE: required space polarisation distribution on elements of the active space transmitting antenna array is produced by means of programmable control of start (connections) of polarisation converters, arranged in columns and lines of the antenna array matrix, which makes it possible to execute space switching of N levels of polarisation of a generated flow of electromagnetic waves of the phased antenna array, providing for transfer of superhigh-speed (more than 15 Gbit/s) of satellite information under joint use of multiple phase-manipulated signals from spacecrafts to surface receiving complexes of remote Earth probing. The active space transmitting antenna array comprises: a setting mixer, a distributor of service signals of matrix columns, a distributor of service signals of matrix lines, K shapers of voltage pulses of service signals of matrix columns for connection of polarisation converters, L shapers of voltage pulses of service signals of matrix lines for connection of polarisation converters, n polarisation converters, a summing scheme of a service control signal.EFFECT: provision of required space polarisation distribution on elements of an active space transmitting array.1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to antenna technology, in particular to active spatial transmitting antenna arrays of the millimeter wave range, and can be used to create antennas with non-mechanical swinging of the antenna beam for ultra-fast (more than 15 Gbit / s) satellite information.

It is known from the prior art that there are devices using phase modulation of the signal (FM), phase-shifted signals (FM _n ), repeatedly phase-shifted signals (MPM _n ), where M = 2 ^N [L1].

It is known from the prior art that by the nature of the distribution of emitters in the aperture, equidistant and non-equidistant phased arrays (PAR) are distinguished. In equidistant headlamps, rather small sizes of elements are usually chosen. In non-equidistant PARs, elements are located at unequal distances from each other with a small number of elements.

According to the method of changing the phase shifts, the headlamps are distinguished with electric scanning or wave dispersions in the waveguide.

In the prior art, phased arrays, phasing schemes at an intermediate frequency and circuits with double frequency conversion [L5] are known.

A disadvantage of the known schemes is the use of a local oscillator with a sweeping frequency and frequency-dependent delay lines, which does not provide the addition of phases from rows and columns.

The prior art various schemes for the formation of phase distribution in the opening of the PAR:

- “A method of obtaining the desired phase distribution on the elements of a spatial phased antenna array and spatial PAR (options)” (see patent of the Russian Federation for invention RU 2282921 C1, IPC H01Q 3/26, publ. 08/27/2006);

- "Universal self-focusing active spatial transceiver antenna array of the reverse radiation" (see patent of the Russian Federation for the invention RU 2334319 C1, IPC H01Q 3/26, H01Q 21/00, publ. September 20, 2008);

- "Spatial transceiver phased antenna array (options)" (see the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention RU 2287876 C1, IPC H01Q 3/26, publ. 20.11.2006);

- "Active spatial transceiver antenna array of the reverse radiation" (see the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention RU 2312435 C1, IPC H01Q 21/00, publ. 10.12.2007).

The disadvantage of all the above technical solutions known from the prior art, which cover all the main possibilities of phase formation in antenna arrays, is the need to use phase shifters of various types, which allows them to be used in phased arrays with emitters connected to single-mode optical fibers.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to provide the required spatial polarization distribution on the elements of the active spatial transmitting antenna array by programmable control of the launch (inclusion) of polarization converters located on the columns and rows of the antenna array matrix, which allows spatial switching of the N-polarization levels of the formed flux of electromagnetic waves of the PAR providing when sharing multiple GOVERNMENTAL PSK signaling ultrafast (over 15 Gbit / s) the satellite information from the spacecraft to the ground receiving stations remote sensing.

Mathematical transformations concerning the description of the polarization of electromagnetic field vectors (via Maxwell equations, rotor operators, divergence operators, Stokes formulas, Green's theorems, etc.) are most fully shown in [L3]. However, it does not consider the polarization modulation scheme.

From the theory of radio engineering [L1] it is known that the polarization of the electromagnetic field (EMF) is formed in the antenna-feeder devices (AFU) of the antennas as follows.

и

, которые перпендикулярны друг другу, а также перпендикулярны направлению излучения. Вектора

и

жестко связаны между собой через волновые соотношения. Изменяя, например параметры вектора

, одновременно изменяются параметры вектора

. Вращение вектора

может быть обеспечено путем установки в узлах матрицы антенной решетки поляризационных преобразователей, которые управляются уровнем напряжения, регулируемым с помощью устройства управления.EMF is formed from two vectors

and

which are perpendicular to each other and also perpendicular to the direction of radiation. Vectors

and

rigidly interconnected through wave relationships. By changing, for example, the parameters of the vector

, simultaneously change the parameters of the vector

. Vector rotation

can be achieved by installing polarization converters in the array nodes of the antenna array, which are controlled by a voltage level controlled by a control device.

The features and essence of the invention are explained in the following description, illustrated by the drawing (see figure 1), which presents a structural electrical diagram of an active spatial transmitting antenna array.

Active spatial transmitting antenna array contains:

1 - master mixer;

2 - the distributor of service signals of the columns of the matrix;

3 - distributor of service signals of the rows of the matrix;

4 - K voltage pulse shapers service signals of the matrix columns to enable polarization converters;

5 - L formers of voltage pulses of service signals of the matrix rows for switching on polarizing converters;

6 - n polarization converters;

7 is a summing diagram of an overhead control signal.

Active spatial transmitting antenna array operates as follows.

The signals of the service frequencies of the matrix row f ₁ = f + Δf of the matrix column f ₂ = f-Δf are obtained on the master mixer. These signals are fed to the voltage pulse shapers of the service signals of the columns and rows of the matrix, respectively, through the distributors of service signals of the columns and rows of the matrix, respectively. At the other input of the master mixer, signals of frequency F are received, received by the elements of the reference bars of the lattice. The required spatial polarization distribution on the elements of the active spatial transmitting antenna array is obtained by programmatically controlling the start-up (inclusion) of polarization converters located on the columns and rows of the array antenna array using a control device that allows spatial switching of the N-polarization levels of the formed flux of electromagnetic waves of the PAR providing when sharing multiple phase-shift keyed signals s ultrafast transmission (over 15 Gbit / s) the satellite information from the spacecraft to the ground receiving stations remote sensing.

In [L.4], various types of polarization modulation are considered. It noted that the problem of controlling the parameters of wave polarization, the analysis of methods for transmitting messages by polarization-modulated signals, as well as the synthesis and analysis of receiving systems of such signals are still poorly understood. However, in this paper, no forms of polarization manipulation are considered at all when M = 2 ^N levels.

и

в различной комбинации применяются для получения дополнительной информации о качестве объекта при радиолокации, но не для повышения скорости передачи данных. Из уровня техники известно, что в американских космических аппаратах «World View» для повышения в два раза скорости передачи используется метод, когда по двум каналам передается информация с использованием правой и левой поляризации. Но во всех перечисленных выше способах не используется N-уровневая поляризация в качестве способа многоуровневой манипуляции поляризации.It is known from the prior art that polarization vectors

and

in various combinations are used to obtain additional information about the quality of the object during radar, but not to increase the data transfer rate. It is known from the prior art that the World View American spacecraft uses a method to double the transmission speed when information is transmitted over two channels using the right and left polarization. But in all of the above methods, N-level polarization is not used as a method of multilevel polarization manipulation.

With double phase manipulation in the X-band, the data transfer rate is 245 Mbit / s, and with three phase manipulation, the transmission speed is 800 Mbit / s (with the same bandwidth). Currently, multiple phase shift keying up to 128 fm is used.

With multi-level polarization, where M _n = 2 ^N - the speed of transmitted information can be increased by M _n times.

The formation of a focused beam of the antenna array for transmitting multiple phase-phase-shifted electromagnetic radiation of the active array is carried out simultaneously with multiple polarization manipulation of the signals for transmitting information using the HEADLIGHT.

Switching polarization converters is provided:

- the use of optical switches in fiber-optic devices that provide the required speed for switching polarization converters [L2];

- the use of devices designed to use quantum effects in nanoscale electronics, designed to process and store arrays of information at speeds of more than 10 Gbit / s [L2];

- the use of multilayer (up to 40 layers) boards, 25 × 25 cm in size, on which more than 2 trillion quantum dots can be placed (a fragment of a conductor or semiconductor, limited by three spatial measurements in the region of not more than 10 nm and containing conduction electrons) [ L2], recording and storage of information with a recording density of 1 Terabit per 1 square inch, ie 40 times more than modern technologies allow, nanotransistors capable of operating at a frequency of tens of THz. The terahertz microprocessor can run 25 times faster and consume less power than the Pentium 4 chip.

Information sources

1. W. Thomas. Electronic communication systems. Moscow, Technosphere Publishing House, 2007, trans. from English 1360 s.

2. L. Williams, W. Adams. Nanotechnology, EKSMO publishing house, Moscow. 2009.

3. M. Born, E. Wolf. Fundamentals of Optics, Ch. edition Fizmatizdat, M., 1970, 855 p.

4. Yu.G. Gusev, A.D. Filatov, A.P. Sopolev. Polarization Modulation, M., Ed. Sov. Radio, 1974, 288 p.

5. D.I. Voznesensky et al. Active phased arrays, Moscow, USSR Group, 2004.

Claims (1)

The active spatial transmitting antenna array contains n-polarization converters, where n is an integer greater than 1, located in the nodes of the matrix containing K columns and L rows, where K and L are an integer greater than 1, which determines the mixer to which the service frequency signals are supplied f and Δf, the output signals of the service frequency f ₁ = f + Δf and f ₂ = f-Δf are respectively a master mixer in signaling distributor columns of the matrix and the distributor of the signaling rows of the matrix, the outputs of the distributor signaling with matrix columns are connected to the first inputs K of the voltage pulse generators of the service signals of the matrix columns, the second inputs of which are connected respectively to the additional outputs of the polarization converters of the first row of the matrix, and the outputs of the voltage pulse generators of the service signals of the matrix columns are connected to the first inputs of the polarization converters of the matrix columns, the outputs of the distributor of service signals of the rows of the matrix are connected to the first inputs To the shaper th voltage pulses of the service signals of the matrix rows, the second inputs of which are connected respectively to the additional outputs of the polarization converters of the first matrix column, and the outputs of the voltage pulsers of the service signals of the matrix rows are connected to the second inputs of the polarization converters of the corresponding matrix rows, while the third inputs of the polarization matrix converters are combined and are the transmitting input of the matrix, and the outputs of the polarization converters are also combined about columns and rows of the matrix by a summing circuit of the auxiliary control signal, the output of which is the receiving output of the matrix, while the voltage pulse generators of the matrix column service signals and the matrix pulse generators of the matrix rows for polarization converters are made similarly and with the possibility of switching on polarization converters with a delay of the service signal with using the control device.