RU2480565C1 - Tool for applying plaster mortar onto surfaces of buildings and structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: tool for application of a plaster mortar onto surfaces of buildings and structures comprises a tray in the form of a flat bottom limited with at least two walls, a side and a rear one. The tool is equipped with two handles, one of which is arranged on the rear side of the tray, and the other one - on the rear side of the bottom, the bottom at the side of the tray end contacting with the plastered surface, is bent downwards at the angle α=5-35°, forming a longitudinal working smoothing surface, and the side wall from the rear wall slantwise changes to the bottom end, at the same time the bottom at the rear side and the rear side are reinforced with longitudinal elements.

EFFECT: simplified design of a hand tool for application of a plaster onto surfaces, reduction of physical loads at a worker, increased labour efficiency.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a construction tool and is intended for applying a layer of plaster mortar on the surface of the walls of buildings and structures.

Known manual plastering tool falcon containing a plank flap of 15-20 mm boards with a handle mounted on its back side. The handle is made in the form of a cylindrical beam (N.G. Novosad. Finishing and home renovation. - Yekaterinburg. "U-Factoria", 2000. Page 44, Fig. 26B).

The disadvantage of this ancient device is that the solution, when applied to the surface, spreads on the sides, it is difficult to control the thickness of the applied layer. This reduces labor productivity.

A known method of plastering vertical walls using a mechanism containing a device supplying plaster mortar between the wall and the profiling surface, which acts as a formwork. In the process of applying plaster to the wall, the profiling surface, together with the spring-loaded carriage, gradually moves downward, leaving behind a deposited and evened plaster layer (USSR author's certificate No. 1622559, E04F 21/16, 1991).

However, despite the widespread use of various mechanical devices, manual surface plastering continues. This is due to a number of reasons, in particular, the complexity of mechanical devices and the relative cheapness and mobility of manual labor.

There is a method of manual plastering of walls, in which the plaster mortar is drawn into a quadrangular frame with a movable bottom, then it is applied to the surface of the wall, holding the handles, thumbs are pressed on the movable bottom and moved along the wall. When the entire solution is on the wall, the bottom of the frame is aligned flush with the sides and the plaster coat obtained is ground in the usual way (USSR patent No. 13816, E04F 21/06, 1929).

The disadvantage of the method and the device that implements it is that it is difficult to control the uniformity of applying the mortar to the plastered surface, and when applying the frame to the wall surface, part of the mortar splashes out, the mass of mortar slips down, which makes it difficult to apply uniform pressure to the moving bottom, requiring large physical efforts of the worker, leading to rapid fatigue, which affects the quality and productivity.

A known method of plastering surfaces, described in USSR author's certificate No. 71490, E04F 21/06, 1948. With a trowel or a special spatula, the solution with your right hand is applied to the bucket, made in the form of a combination of a half and a widened part. With the left hand, the bucket is held by the handle, resting the back of the chest. Then take the bucket with both hands and apply it horizontally to the wall, slightly tilting it. After that, with the right hand, the broadened part is turned to a position of up to 45 ° to the vertical and, without tearing off the wall plane, they are led upward strictly vertically until the solution in the bucket is completely discharged. The negative side of the method and device is that the entire dose of the solution loaded into the bucket must be dragged along with the bucket along the wall until the bucket is completely released, which leads to rapid physical fatigue of the worker and, consequently, to a decrease in labor productivity.

This disadvantage is partially eliminated in the handheld device according to patent RU No. 2117743, E04F 21/06, 1996, which includes a pallet with a belt made in the form of a box with a flat bottom, limited on three sides by walls. The engine mounted inside the pallet has the shape of a plate with handles, a rubber mat attached to the working surface of the plate and protrudes beyond its edges. The engine is used to feed portions of the mortar to the plastered surface. The entire device is hung on a plaster neck strap. It is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage is the complexity of the design. When leaning forward to plaster a surface below the worker’s belt, the pallet is hanging on the neck, does not rest on the worker’s body, and the entire mass of solution with a device with a displaced center of gravity puts pressure on the intervertebral disc, increasing it tenfold from a standing position. Given that the invention provides for an increase in the load mass of the solution by two to three times, we can assume the physical overstrain of the worker. Hence the fatigue of the worker, apparently therefore, according to the invention, two workers perform the work - one holds, the other moves the engine. Theoretically, it is possible to work, but it is almost impossible to apply the solution from the ground level. When tilted, the worker rests his head against the walls and cannot press the pallet to the wall surface with his body and perform squatting work.

The basis of the present invention is the task of simplifying the design of a hand tool for applying plaster on the surface, reduce physical stress on the worker and thereby increase productivity.

The problem is solved in such a way that the tool for applying the stucco mortar on the surface contains known features, such as a pallet in the form of a flat bottom bounded by at least two walls.

Distinctive features that eliminate these disadvantages of the prototype are expressed by the presence of two handles, one of which is located on the back wall of the pallet, and the other on the back of the bottom, the bottom from the side of the end of the pallet in contact with the plastered surface is bent downward at an angle α = 5-35 °, forming a longitudinal working smoothing surface, and the side wall from the back wall obliquely passes to the end of the bottom, while the bottom from the back and the back wall are reinforced with longitudinal [-shaped elements. Handles are in the form of a bracket.

Figure 1 shows a top view of the tool; figure 2 is a section along aa in figure 1.

The tool for applying plaster mortar on the surface of buildings and structures contains a pallet 1 in the form of a flat bottom 2, limited by the side wall 3 and the back wall 4. To increase the rigidity of the pallet 1 it is reinforced, for example, by longitudinal [-shaped elements, but there may be other forms the stiffness of the elements, one of which 5 is fixed on the back of the bottom 2, and the other 6 on the back of the wall 4. The handles 7 and 8 are in the form of a bracket. The handle 7 for supporting the tool is fixed on the back of the bottom 2, and the handle 8 for controlling the position of the tool relative to the surface to be plastered is fixed on the back of the wall 4. The side wall 3 for working right-handers is performed on the right side, and for left-handers - on the left side of pallet 1. Bottom 2 from the side of the end face 9 in contact with the plastered surface, bent downward at an angle α = 5-35 °, forming a longitudinal smoothing surface 10. The back wall 4 is bent inward by the shoulder 11 to create additional rigidity. The side wall 3 obliquely passes to the end face 9 of the bottom 2.

The invention is illustrated by an example of applying a plaster mortar to the plastered surface. With a trowel or a special spatula, the solution is superimposed with the right hand on the pallet 1. With the left hand, the pallet 1 is supported from below by the handle 7, and by the right - by the handle 8. Then, the pallet 1 is applied horizontally to the wall, slightly tilting it up. After that, with the right hand, as the pan 1 moves from the bottom up, it is tilted to a position of approximately 80 ° to the vertical and, without tearing off the wall plane, they are led upward strictly vertically until the solution is completely discharged on the pan 1.

The author made a sample tool in accordance with the invention. A test was carried out, which showed its high performance and corresponding quality requirements. In 10 minutes 1 m ^{2 of the} wall was plastered, followed by cosmetic rubbing with a trowel. Due to the fact that the mass of the solution is placed on the pallet, depending on the physical data of the worker, the tool allows you to maintain its high performance, with acceptable fatigue.

Based on the foregoing and the results of the patent information search, I believe that the proposed tool for applying stucco meets the requirements of "novelty", "inventive step", "industrial applicability" and can be protected by a patent of the Russian Federation.

Claims (3)

1. A tool for applying plaster mortar on the surface of buildings and structures, containing a pallet in the form of a flat bottom, bounded by at least two walls, side and back, characterized in that it is equipped with two handles, one of which is placed on the back wall of the pallet and the other on the back of the bottom, the bottom from the side of the end of the pallet in contact with the plastered surface is bent downward at an angle α = 5-35 °, forming a longitudinal working smoothing surface, and the side wall from the back wall obliquely crosses It is sewn to the end face of the bottom, while the bottom on the back side and the back wall are reinforced with longitudinal elements. 2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal element has a [-shaped shape. 3. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the handles are in the form of a bracket.

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