RU2477823C1 - Hot-water solid-fuel boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: solid-fuel boiler consists of a housing, a loading fuel silo located inside the housing and having a fuel loading door, a heat exchanger located in the housing cavity and a combustion zone air supply system. Heat exchanger is lined with heat-resistant material; lining has gradual layer thickness increase from the boiler top to the boiler bottom, and the housing cavity has gradual width increase from the boiler bottom to the boiler top. The combustion zone air supply system consists of primary air heating chamber and secondary air heating chamber, which are installed above the loading door; at that, air is supplied from primary heating chamber to the combustion zone through a telescope, and air is supplied from secondary heating chamber to the combustion zone above the telescope. Secondary air heating chamber is located under primary air heating chamber, and air from secondary chamber is directed in the form of a dissipating flow towards the boiler side surface.

EFFECT: complete fuel combustion.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to energy, in particular to solid fuel boilers for heating industrial and residential premises and supplying hot water for domestic needs.

A solid fuel boiler is known, consisting of a housing, a fuel loading hopper located inside the housing and having a door for loading fuel, a heat exchanger located in the housing cavity, an air supply system to the combustion zone (1).

The technical result consists in the completeness of fuel combustion.

The essence of the device of a solid fuel boiler, consisting of a housing, a fuel loading hopper located inside the housing and having a fuel loading door, a heat exchanger located in the housing cavity, an air supply system to the combustion zone, is that the heat exchanger is lined with heat-resistant material, the lining is made with a gradual increase in the layer thickness from the top of the boiler to the bottom, and the body cavity is made with a gradual increase in the width from the bottom of the boiler to the top. The system for supplying air to the combustion zone has a damper for controlling the amount of air flow directed to the gas generation zone and to the combustible gas afterburning zone. The air supply system to the combustion zone consists of a primary air heating chamber and a secondary air heating chamber installed above the loading door, while air from the primary heating chamber is supplied to the gas generation zone through a telescope, and air from the secondary heating chamber is supplied to the combustible gas afterburning area a telescope. The secondary air heating chamber is located under the primary air heating chamber, and the air from the secondary chamber is directed in the form of a scattering stream towards the side of the boiler.

In Fig.1 shows a solid fuel boiler.

Figure 2 shows a view A, figure 1.

A solid fuel boiler consists of a housing 1, a heat exchanger 2 located in the cavity of the housing 1, through which the coolant (water, antifreeze) circulates. The heat exchanger 2 is lined with heat-resistant material 3. The lining is made with a gradual increase in layer thickness from the top of the boiler to the bottom, and the cavity of the housing 1 is made with a gradual increase in width from the bottom of the boiler to the top.

Inside the boiler there is a loading hopper 4. For fuel loading, a door 5 is provided in the loading hopper 4. A primary chamber 6 for heating the air and a secondary chamber 7 for heating the air are mounted above the loading door 5. A secondary chamber 7 for heating the air is installed under the primary chamber 6 for heating the air. Air from the primary chamber 6 for heating air is supplied to the gas generation zone through the internal channel of the telescope 8, to the flow divider 9, and air from the secondary chamber 7 for heating air is supplied to the afterburning of combustible gases above the telescope 8 through nozzles 10 in the form of a scattering air stream. External air is supplied to the primary chamber 6 and the secondary chamber 7 for heating the air through the nozzles 11 and 12. To distribute the amount of air flow into the primary chamber 6 and the secondary chamber 7 for heating the air, an adjustable rotary damper 13 is installed. It is connected via a chain 14 to a lever-type thermostat 15. There is a spring 16 for holding the shutter 13 in a predetermined position. On the side surface of the boiler, above the door 5, a flue pipe 17 is installed, which is connected to the feed hopper 4. Through it, the flue gases are led out.

Solid fuel boiler operates as follows.

Raise the telescope 8 with a flexible cable. Fix it in the upper position. In the feed hopper 4 through the door 5 lay fuel - firewood. The rotary damper 13 is adjusted so that the channel into the air supply pipe 11 to the primary air heating chamber 6 is maximally open at the minimum set temperature of the heat carrier in the temperature regulator 15. The fuel is ignited, the door 5 is closed. The telescope 8 is lowered.

During the ignition period and the beginning of the combustion process, the maximum air flow is directed through the pipe 11 and the primary chamber 6 for heating the air, through a telescope 8 to a flow divider 9, which lies on the upper layer of fuel. Fuel begins to burn. When burning wood, a chemical process of combining an oxidizer (air) with combustible fuel elements occurs. Combustible fuel elements include: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), as well as combustible gases CO, H ₂ , CmHn. The ignition temperature of combustible gases in the air has the following values: hydrogen 580 ÷ 590 degrees, carbon monoxide 644 ÷ 658 degrees, methane 650 ÷ 750 degrees. At low combustion temperatures of wood under the telescope 8, the average energy of the molecules is much lower than the activation energy, and therefore only a small fraction of the fuel and oxidizer molecules are capable of reaction. The bulk of the combustible fuel elements are emitted from firewood in the gas generation zone in the form of combustible gases that rise up. There, at an appropriate temperature of 580 ÷ 750 degrees and the air supply from the secondary chamber 7 for heating the air, they burn in the area of the surviving combustible gases. The lining of the boiler inside of the heat-resistant material 18 allows you to maintain a sufficiently high temperature in the combustion zone, at which it is possible to burn combustible gases.

When the temperature of the coolant 3 rises, the thermostat lever 14 rotates, weakening the interference of the chain 13. The rotary damper 12 by means of the spring 15 covers the channel in the pipe 10 for supplying external air to the primary chamber 6. The air flow into the flow divider 9 weakens. The combustion process is slowing down.

At the same time, the rotary damper 12 opens the channel into the pipe 11 for supplying external air to the secondary chamber 7 for heating the air. The air flow through the nozzle 10 increases. The process of burning combustible gases is activated. The temperature in the combustion zone increases. The temperature of the coolant increases. In this regard, the temperature control lever 14 is rotated, still weakening the chain 13. The rotary damper 12, due to the spring 15, further opens the channel into the pipe 11 for supplying external air to the secondary chamber. The flow of external air through the nozzle 10 is further increased. There comes a time when the excessive flow of external air through the nozzle 10 reduces the temperature in the combustion zone. In this case, the actions of the mechanisms are carried out in the reverse order. The process of burning fuel in the boiler is in optimal mode. The use of lining in boilers - analogues of Stropuv and secondary blasting - will allow more efficient burning of solid fuels.

Information sources

1. Solid fuel boiler STROPUVA, http://www.stropuva.lt/index.php?cid=366&lang=en, 10/12/2011

Claims (4)

1. A solid fuel boiler, consisting of a housing, a fuel loading hopper located inside the housing and having a fuel loading door, a heat exchanger located in the housing cavity, an air supply system to the combustion zone, characterized in that the heat exchanger is lined with heat-resistant material, lining made with a gradual increase in layer thickness from the top of the boiler to the bottom, and the cavity of the body is made with a gradual increase in width from the bottom of the boiler to the top. 2. The solid fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the system for supplying air to the combustion zone has a damper for controlling the amount of air flow directed to the gas generation zone and to the combustible gas afterburning zone. 3. A solid fuel boiler 1 or 2, characterized in that the combustion air supply system consists of a primary air heating chamber and a secondary air heating chamber installed above the loading door, while air from the primary heating chamber is supplied to the gas generation zone through telescope, and air from the secondary heating chamber is supplied to the combustible gas afterburning area above the telescope. 4. The solid fuel boiler according to claim 3, characterized in that the secondary air heating chamber is located under the primary air heating chamber, and the air from the secondary chamber is directed in the form of a scattering stream towards the side of the boiler.

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