RU2477302C1 - Tripoli-organic composite - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ecology and particularly to sorption agents. The invention relates to a sorbent for combustible and highly inflammable products and ions of heavy metals, which contains a mixture of moss peat, tripoli, which contains clinoptilolite, sawdust and modifying additives which are a foaming agent and a polyelectrolyte, with the following ratio of components, wt %: moss peat 65-75; tripoli 5-25; sawdust 5-10; modifying additives 1-5.

EFFECT: improved ion-exchange properties of the sorbent, which improves quality of cleaning off oil spills and oil contaminations, diesel fuel, masout, solid road surfaces, soil, water bodies, as well as waste and natural water from ions of heavy metals (copper, nickel, zinc, chromium) and oil products.

5 cl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of ecology, in particular to sorption preparations, and can be used to eliminate oil spills and oil products of flammable products on surfaces: asphalt and concrete pavements, water surface, roads, soil, railways, airfields, car factories, gas stations, for purification and post-treatment of natural, industrial, municipal, agricultural wastewater from heavy metal ions of oil and oil products.

It is known from the prior art to remove oil from a surface using a dry amorphous silica product with an inert carrier, which is formed by mixing effective proportions of untreated amorphous silica with dry, inert organic, inorganic and synthetic carriers or combinations of these carriers. As inert organic carriers can be used, in particular, peat, straw, hay, sawdust, corncobs, flour, etc. The dry product can be applied directly to oil stains, or to a hard surface such as concrete or asphalt, or an oil spill on water (US 7922913, 04/12/2011).

Known sorbent for cleaning soil from oil products, including high-level poorly decomposed sphagnum peat and modifier (RU 2318592, 03/10/2008).

It is known that peat, cellulose, lignin, sawdust, crushed bark, straw, biomass of cultivated and wild plants or rubber crumb are used as organic sorbents (RU 2361041, July 10, 2009).

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a sorbent for water purification from oil products, including cellulose-containing raw materials: peat, sawdust, wood shavings, wood chips, cotton wool, cotton rags, etc. (RU 2112594, 10.06.1998).

The disadvantage of these solutions is the poor quality of surface cleaning.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to create a tripoli-organic sorbent that would eliminate the above disadvantages.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of this invention is to increase the ion-exchange properties of the sorbent, which improves the quality of cleaning from oil spills and oil pollution, oils, diesel fuel, fuel oil from hard surfaces of roads, soil, water areas, as well as waste and natural waters from heavy metal ions (copper, nickel, zinc, chromium) and petroleum products.

The specified technical result is achieved in a sorbent of combustible and flammable products and heavy metal ions, including a mixture of horse peat, tripoli containing clinoptilolite, sawdust and modifying additives, which is a foaming agent and polyelectrolyte, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

high peat 65-75;

Tripoli 5-25;

sawdust 5-10;

modifying additives 1-5.

The sorbent in the modifying additive contains a foaming agent and a polyelectrolyte in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

a foaming agent 5-30;

polyelectrolyte 70-95.

As a foaming agent, a foaming agent of the PO-6P3 brand is used.

As the polyelectrolyte, polyDADMAX is used.

Tripoli contains 21 ± 4% clinoptilolite.

The TOK sorbent is an organomineral polydisperse powder from light gray to dark gray.

The invention is illustrated as follows.

Sorbent of combustible and flammable products and ions of heavy metals (organic tripoli sorbent) is made from a mixture containing, wt.%: Horse peat 65-75; Tripoli 5-30, sawdust 5-10; modifying additives 0.1-5 (foaming agent and polyelectrolyte).

The foaming agent is used in the PO-6P3 brand, which is an aqueous solution of synthetic surfactants, which may include fluorocarbons with stabilizing additives.

As a polyelectrolyte, polyDADMACh is used - an organic coagulant of the FLOQUAT brand of the FL 4540 series, which is a 41% aqueous solution of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride.

The sorbent of combustible and flammable products and heavy metal ions is intended for the elimination / elimination of accidental oil spills and oil pollution, localization and collection of emergency oil spills and oil pollution, oil, diesel fuel, fuel oil from hard surfaces of roads, soil, water areas, as well as purification and post-treatment of natural, industrial, municipal, agricultural wastewater from heavy metal ions (copper, nickel, zinc, chromium) and oil products.

For the production of sorbent use:

Raw materials - peat of the upper Shatursky district of the Moscow region, clinoptilolite containing tripoli in the Oryol region, softwood sawdust from a woodworking plant in the village of Faustovo, Voskresensky district of the Moscow region, modified additives - polyelectrolyte and foaming agent.

Equipment - frame installations with which sifting and grinding of peat and sawdust is carried out.

The first installation with a grid, the cell of which is 20 mm, is designed for coarse screening of peat and separation of large fractions and mechanical impurities that are not used in further work without additional processing.

The second installation with a grid, the cell of which is 5 mm, is designed for finer sifting of peat and grinding of some fractions by grinding, as well as for sifting wood sawdust.

Crushing plant, with the help of which tripoli is crushed to a fraction of less than 0.5 mm.

The mixer is designed for mixing and oxygen enrichment of sorbent components.

The mixer is designed for the preparation of modified additives.

The sprayer is designed to supply modified additives when mixing the ingredients.

Compressor for air supply to the sprayer.

The dryer is designed to bring the sorbent to a certain moisture content of 5%.

The preparation of high peat is carried out at two plants. At the first installation with a grid, the cell of which is 20 mm, coarse screening of peat and separation of large fractions and mechanical impurities that are not used in further work without additional processing are performed. In the second installation with a grid, whose cell is 5 mm, peat is sifted and some large fractions are crushed by grinding.

Preparation of sawdust is carried out by sieving them in a second installation with a 5 mm mesh cell.

The preparation of clinoptilolite-containing tripoli includes its drying for 4-5 hours and crushing to a fraction of less than 0.5 mm.

The preparation of modified additives is carried out in a large capacity by adding each component with measured containers, mixing in a mixer until a homogeneous mass (emulsion) is obtained, after which the resulting mixture of additives is poured into the sprayer.

The production of the sorbent of combustible and flammable products and ions of heavy metals is as follows.

High peat is sieved in the first frame installation with a grid, whose cell is 20 mm, large mechanical impurities are removed. The resulting material is sieved with grinding in the second installation with a grid, the cell of which is 5 mm.

In the second installation with a grid, the cell of which is 5 mm, sawdust is also sifted.

Then peat with the addition of sawdust and pre-crushed on a crushing unit to a fraction of less than 0.5 mm tripoli, in the ratio of 20 kg of peat, 2.5 kg of sawdust and 2.5 kg tripoli, is loaded into the mixer for mixing.

The faucet is turned on for 15 minutes. In the mixing process, a compressor is turned on to pump air into the sprayer, which is connected through a tap to supply modified additives to the mixer. Open the feed valve for the modified additives, which were previously mixed in the mixer. The modified additives feed valve is opened three times for one minute during the first ten minutes. After mixing, the crude mixture of sorbent from the mixer is reloaded into the drive for 2 hours. In the drive (a designated place in the workshop for the accumulation, mixing and oxygen saturation of the crude sorbent), the sorbent mixture is manually mixed using a shovel.

Then, the crude sorbent mixture is loaded into the drying unit and brought to a standard humidity (5%) for a certain time (4-6 hours). After cooling, the sorbent is loaded into kraft bags of 25 ± 1 kg, which is controlled by weights.

To eliminate oil and oil spills on land, the sorbent is scattered on top with an even layer on an oil slick. Due to the sorption properties, oil or oil products are adsorbed, and due to the bacteria contained in peat, biodegradation of oil / oil products absorbed by the sorbent occurs within 2-3 summer months.

In order to eliminate oil spills on the water surface, the sorbent can, like on land, be put on an oil slick; due to its properties, the sorbent has buoyancy for more than 1.5 days, part of the sorbent that has absorbed oil products falls to the bottom. The other part of the sorbent that remains afloat is collected, squeezed from water and oil, briquetted, dried and can be used as fuel.

To purify water from pollution with oil products and heavy metals, filter cartridges with a filler from the proposed sorbent can also be used.

The invention is illustrated by examples.

Example 1

Use of sorbent on soils heavily contaminated with oil products (fuel oil, gasoline).

Sorbent containing a mixture of horse peat 65%, Tripoli 25%, containing 21 ± 4% clinoptilolite, sawdust 5%; 5% modifying additives: PO-6R3 5% foaming agent and polyDADMAX polyelectrolyte 95%, crumbled onto contaminated soil with a uniform layer of 5-10 cm, sufficient for sorption of fuel oil and / or gasoline for 15 minutes.

After which the sorbent is collected, excess oil products are squeezed out of it on the press. The resulting petroleum products are sent for processing. The squeezed sorbent is briquetted and dried; later it is used as fuel.

Example 2

Use of a sorbent to eliminate oil spills on a water surface.

Sorbent containing a mixture of high peat 75%, Tripoli 10%, containing 21 ± 4% clinoptilolite, sawdust 10%; 5% modifying additives: PO-6R3 15% foaming agent and polyDADMAX polyelectrolyte 85% (due to other proportions of the modifying additive components, increased buoyancy of the sorbent necessary for “working on water” is achieved), it is scattered on the oil spot with a uniform layer of 5-15 cm, sufficient for oil sorption for 5-30 minutes Part of the sorbent that has absorbed oil falls to the bottom (at the bottom of the sorbent soaked in oil / oil products is not toxic to aquatic life, fauna and bottom microorganisms. Over time, under the influence of microorganisms contained in peat, biodegradation of oil / oil products). The other part of the sorbent that remains afloat is collected, squeezed from water and oil, briquetted, dried and can be used as fuel.

Example 3

Use of a sorbent for water purification from pollution by ions of heavy metals (copper or nickel, zinc, chromium).

Sorbent containing a mixture of horse peat 70%, Tripoli 20%, containing 21 ± 4% clinoptilolite, sawdust 8%; modifying additives 2%: PO-6R3 foaming agent 30% and polyDADMAC polyelectrolyte 70%, loaded into the filter column (the proportion is selected in accordance with the degree of contamination (concentration of heavy metal ions dissolved in water)).

The spent sorbent is squeezed from the water, then disposed of at specialized landfills.

Example 4

Use of sorbent on soils saturated with oil / oil products.

Sorbent containing a mixture of high peat 73%, Tripoli 16%, containing 21 ± 4% clinoptilolite, sawdust 10%; modifying additives 1%: foaming agent grade PO-6R3 25% and polyelectrolyte polyDADMAX 75%, it is scattered on the contaminated soil with a uniform layer of 5-10 cm, 1 month after filling the sorbent, the soil must be mixed (plowed / dug), (for the quickest restoration of disturbed soil it is necessary to use nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers), add the sorbent repeatedly with a layer of 5-10 cm at the rate of 1 kg of sorbent per 4 kg of oil product. During the 2-3 summer months, the bacteria contained in peat decompose oil products absorbed by the sorbent.

Claims (5)

1. The sorbent of combustible and flammable products and ions of heavy metals, characterized in that it includes a mixture of peat, tripoli containing clinoptilolite, sawdust and modifying additives, which are a foaming agent and polyelectrolyte, in the following ratio, wt.%:
horse peat 65-75 thrashing 5-25 sawdust 5-10 modifying additives 1-5 2. The sorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a foaming agent and a polyelectrolyte in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
foaming agent 5-30 polyelectrolyte 70-95 3. The sorbent according to claim 2, characterized in that a foaming agent of the grade PO-6P3 is used as a foaming agent. 4. The sorbent according to claim 2, characterized in that polyDADMAC is used as the polyelectrolyte. 5. The sorbent according to claim 1, characterized in that tripoli contains (21 ± 4)% clinoptilolite.