RU2475667C1 - Pulse variator of transport vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: motor vehicle industry.

SUBSTANCE: pulse variator includes a drive shaft and a driven shaft, mechanism for conversion of rotation of drive shaft to torsion oscillations of pulsating shaft with possibility of controlling the span of those oscillations. Pulsating shaft is connected to the shaft of reversible hydraulic machine of volumetric displacement. Its housing is installed on bearings inside an oil tank. The first inlet-outlet channel of reversible hydraulic machine has the possibility of being interconnected with the tank through the first channel with a check valve and through the second channel parallel to the first channel, which is provided with a safety valve. The second inlet-outlet channel of reversible hydraulic machine is interconnected with the tank through the channel that is open constantly. Housing of reversible hydraulic machine is connected to solar gear of planetary reduction gear, the epicycle of which has an additional gear rim of external engagement, which is kinematically connected to drive shaft of pulse variator. Carrier of planetary reduction gear is connected to drive shaft of pulse variator.

EFFECT: simplifying the device and improving reliability of pulse variator.

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Description

The invention relates to devices for smoothly changing gears of a vehicle’s transmission, (hereinafter referred to as a machine) mainly a bulldozer, a loader, other machines with frequent gear shifting back and forth.

Known device pulse variators and their disadvantages, for example, according to [1], [2] and others.

Known pulse variator containing the driving and driven shafts, a mechanism for converting the rotation of the drive shaft into oscillations of the output shaft of the pulsator, a device for controlling the amplitude of these oscillations, for example, according to [1] - prototype.

The disadvantage is hard dynamic loads on the parts of the pulse variator, complexity, fragility.

The task and the technical result is smooth regulation of the frequency and direction of rotation of the driven shaft of the pulse variator, increasing durability, simplifying the pulse variator and mitigating dynamic loads on its parts.

The essence of the invention is a pulse variator of a vehicle containing drive and driven shafts, a mechanism for converting the rotation of the drive shaft to torsional vibrations of the pulsating shaft of the pulse variator with the ability to control the amplitude of these vibrations, according to the invention, the pulsating shaft is connected to the shaft of a volumetric displacement hydraulic pump, its body is mounted bearings inside the tank with oil, and the input-output channels of the reversible volumetric displacement hydraulic machines are able to communicate with the tank so that the first input-output channel of the reversible volumetric displacement hydraulic machine is able to communicate with the tank through the first channel with a check valve and through the second channel hydraulically parallel to the first channel with a safety valve, and the second input-output channel of the reversible volumetric displacement hydraulic pump is in communication with the tank by a channel open constantly, moreover, the body of the reversible volumetric displacement hydraulic machine is connected to the sun gear of the planetary gearbox, whose epicycle has an additional outer ring gear gearing, which kinematically connected with the drive shaft of the pulse variator, and the planetary gear carrier connected to the driven shaft of the pulse variator.

Thanks to these features, they achieve the possibility of smooth regulation in frequency and direction of rotation of the driven shaft of the pulse variator with uniform unidirectional rotation of its drive shaft, increase durability, simplify the pulse variator, and soften dynamic loads on its parts.

Arranged pulse variator (hereinafter variator), for example as follows.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a variator.

Figure 2 shows a plot of the frequencies of the output shaft of the pulse variator, the 1st variant of the variator.

Figure 3 shows the frequency plot of the output shaft of the pulse variator, the 2nd variant of the variator.

Symbols in figure 1, 2, 3:

1 - the driven shaft of the variator connected to the rest of the transmission of the machine, (hereinafter the shaft),

2 - the drive shaft of the variator (hereinafter the shaft),

3 - transfer gearbox connecting the shaft 2 with the engine of the machine (hereinafter referred to as the gearbox),

4 - the conversion mechanism of the rotation of the shaft 2 (hereinafter referred to as the mechanism),

5 - driveshaft of unequal angular speeds of mechanism 4 with universal joints according to [3], (hereinafter the shaft),

6 - splined telescopic shaft connected to the shaft 5, (hereinafter the shaft),

7 - axle box, inside of which shaft 6 is mounted on bearings, (hereinafter axle box),

8 - the pulsating shaft of the mechanism 4 (hereinafter the pulsator),

9 - mounted on a hinge support lever, rigidly connected to the axle box 7, (hereinafter the lever),

10 - a handle connected to the lever 9 pivotally, (hereinafter the handle),

11 - the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic booster, the housing of which is pivotally connected to the lever 9, (hereinafter the cylinder),

12 is a three-position hydraulic booster mounted rigidly on the cylinder body 11, in which the control channels are in communication with the cavities of the cylinder 11, the input and output channels are connected to the pumping station of the vehicle, the spool is connected by an articulated rod to the handle 10, (hereinafter the distributor)

13 - reversible volume displacement hydraulic machine, for example, the MP112-1 axial piston hydraulic motor [3] S.91 ... 95, with a useful rated power of 81 kW (110 hp) [3] p.92, which [p.94, fig. 116]:

a) a bearing axle is attached to the housing flange [Fig. 116, position 2] of the hydraulic motor, such that the shaft 2 with the coupling is placed in the hole along the axis of the axle;

b) a box with safety valves and other valves is dismantled attached to the other end of the housing [Fig. 116, position 2]; instead, a flange is installed with a shaft for the bearing and for the coupling,

c) a tee with valves according to the invention is connected to the first inlet-outlet channel of the hydraulic machine; (MP112-1 hydraulic motor as amended by points a), b), c) - hereinafter the hydraulic machine). In another embodiment, instead of the MP112-1 hydraulic motor, a hydraulic machine: gear, slide, screw, etc.

14 - with oil and with rigid walls a tank, inside of which a hydraulic machine 13 is mounted on bearings, (hereinafter tank),

15 - check valve in the first channel of the tee, through which the first input-output channel of the hydraulic machine 13 is able to communicate with the tank 14 (hereinafter the valve),

16 - safety valve in the second channel of the tee hydraulically parallel to the first, through which the first input-output channel of the hydraulic machine 13 is able to communicate with the tank 14, (hereinafter the valve),

17 - centrifugal pump, the input channel of which is in communication with the tank 14, (hereinafter pump),

18 - radiator, the input channel of which is communicated with the pump 17, and the output channel is communicated with the tank 14, (hereinafter referred to as the radiator),

19 - planetary gearbox (hereinafter referred to as gearbox),

20 - the sun gear of the gearbox 19 (hereinafter the gear),

21 - drove gear 19 connected to the shaft 1, (hereinafter referred to as),

22 - epicyclic having an additional gear ring external gearing (hereinafter epicyclic),

23 - gear, the teeth of which are meshed with an additional gear rim of the epicycle 22, and the shaft is kinematically connected to the shaft 2 through the gear 3, (hereinafter the gear),

ν is the frequency of rotation of the shaft 1,

Y is the angle of deviation of the lever from the position corresponding to the zero speed of the shaft 1.

The variator integrated in the machine’s transmission contains an output shaft 1 connected to the rest of the machine’s transmission and an input shaft 2 connected to the engine through a reducer 3. The variator mechanism 4 includes shafts 2, 5 connected in a kinematic chain, shaft 6 in axle box 7 and a pulsator 8, and also includes a power steering lever 9 by the handle 10 through the cylinder 11 and the distributor 12 of the power steering. The housing of the hydraulic machine 13 is mounted in an oil-filled tank 14 on bearings. The input-output channel of the hydraulic machine, in which, when its shaft rotates in a fixed housing, increases the oil pressure, let it be considered the first input-output channel of the hydraulic machine. The inlet channel of the tee is connected to the first inlet-outlet channel of the hydraulic machine with a valve 15 located in the first outlet channel of this tee, and with a valve 16 located in the second outlet channel of the same tee. Through oil pipelines, a suction channel of the pump 17 is connected to the tank, the pressure channel of which through the radiator 18 is also in communication with the tank. Through two coaxial holes sealed with cuffs in the tank wall, the hydraulic shaft of the hydraulic machine is connected to the pulsator by a coupling, and the hydraulic housing of the hydraulic machine is connected to the gearbox 19, its gear 20, which drove the satellites 21 to the epicyclic 22, through this shaft. an additional gear ring, gear 23, gearbox 3 is connected kinematically with the variator shaft 2 so that the direction of rotation of the epicycle 22 is opposite to the direction of rotation of the gear 20. The gear ratio of this gear ematicheskoy connection such that for alignment of shafts 2, 5, 6 and pulsator 8 variator gear ratio (quotient of the rotational speed of the shaft 2 rotation frequency 1) minimum. The shaft 1 of the variator is the shank of the carrier 21.

Work

A) Let the variator be installed in the transmission of the machine, for example, in the transmission of a bulldozer, and let the shafts 2, 5, 6, pulsator 8 be aligned when the engine is evenly running. Therefore, all these shafts and the shaft of the hydraulic machine 13 are also rotated uniformly, create an oil pressure in the inlet-outlet channel of the hydraulic machine closed by valves 15, 16, and this rotates its housing mounted on the bearings evenly. In this case, the rotational speed of the body of the hydraulic machine is equal to the quotient of the frequency of rotation of the shaft 2 by the gear ratio of the variator in the position of alignment of the shafts 2, 5, 6, pulsator 8, if you do not take into account a small correction for the volumetric efficiency of the hydraulic machine. The variator in this position corresponds to a direct transmission of a car-type gearbox.

B) Let the handle 10 push the spool out of the distributor 12 and therefore, with the cylinder 11, turn the lever 9 with the axlebox 7 and the shaft 6, increasing the angle of fracture of the universal joints of the shafts 5 from zero to a certain value. These pulsator 8 is informed of cyclically non-uniform rotation with two maxima and with two minima of the angular velocity at each of its revolutions. With an increase in the angular velocity of the pulsar 8, the body of the hydraulic machine 13 is rotated synchronously with the pulsar, as described in item A). With a decrease in the angular velocity of the pulsar 8, the body of the hydraulic machine 13 continues to rotate with the achieved angular speed due to inertia and because the oil is sucked from the tank 14 into the first input-output channel of the hydraulic machine through the valve 14 and this oil is simultaneously pumped through the second input-output channel of the hydraulic machine return to the tank 14. The greater the increase in the angle of fracture of the hinges of the shafts 5, the greater the maximum angular velocity in each cycle of the pulsator 8, respectively, the greater the frequency of rotation of the housing of the hydraulic machine 13 and gear 20. So As the gear 20 and the epicycle 22 rotate mutually opposite, as soon as the peripheral speed of rotation of the gear 20 is equal modulo with the peripheral speed of the epicycle 22 drove 21 and the shaft 2 will stop. This corresponds to the position of the lever 9, marked on the diagrams (figure 2 and 3) point = 0. The variator in this position corresponds to the neutral position of the gearbox. Therefore, it is possible to use the engine without a clutch when equipping the handle 10 with a neutral position lock.

In the event of short-term overloads on the shaft 1, valve 16 also briefly works (and sounds) 16. When the valve 16 continues to sound for a long time, the lever 9 turns the lever 9 through the hydraulic booster to decrease the speed of the bulldozer. For cyclic movement of the bulldozer back and forth with a smooth change in the speed of the bulldozer, the handle 10 is also moved forward and backward back and forth. This facilitates the control of the bulldozer, loader and other machines with cyclic forward and backward movement.

For machines with equal maximum speeds of movement back and forth, a variator with a diagram of the rotational speeds of the shaft 1 according to the 1st embodiment is used (FIG. 2). For machines with unequal maximum speeds of movement back and forth, a variator with a diagram of the rotational speeds of the shaft 1 according to the 2nd embodiment is used (FIG. 3).

So, they achieve the possibility of smooth regulation of the frequency and direction of rotation of the driven shaft of the pulse variator with uniform unidirectional rotation of its drive shaft, increase durability, simplify the pulse variator, and soften dynamic loads on its parts. Facilitate the management of a bulldozer, loader and other machines with cyclic movement back and forth.

Bibliography

1. Maltsev V.F. Mechanical impulse transmissions. M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1978, 367 p.

2. Artobolevsky I.I. and Tishin M.M. Inertial-pulse drive of a screw conveyor. - Bulletin of mechanical engineering, 1944, No. 9-10, p.10 ... 18.

3. RU 2387890, 04/27/2010 Bull. No. 12. Description of the invention to the patent, 6 C.

Claims (1)

A vehicle pulsed drive variator containing driving and driven shafts, a mechanism for converting the drive shaft rotation to torsional vibrations of the pulsating pulsed shaft of the pulsed variator with the ability to control the amplitude of these vibrations, characterized in that the pulsating shaft is connected to the shaft of the reversible displacement hydraulic machine, its housing is mounted on bearings inside a tank with oil, and the input-output channels of a reversible volumetric displacement hydraulic machine are able to communicate with the tank so that the first input the output channel of the reversible volumetric displacement hydraulic machine is able to communicate with the tank through the first channel with a non-return valve and through the hydraulic channel parallel to the first channel, the second channel with a safety valve, and the second input-output channel of the reversible volumetric displacement hydraulic pump is in communication with the tank moreover, the body of the reversible volumetric displacement hydraulic machine is connected to the sun gear of the planetary gearbox, whose epicycle has an additional gear ring of the external gear kinematically connected to the drive shaft of the pulse variator, and the planetary gear carrier is connected to the driven shaft of the pulse variator.