RU2473846C1 - Device to control microclimate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ventilation.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a hollow body with a through air mixing chamber, inlet and outlet holes and a pre-bottom space arranged below outlet holes - to hold liquid, consistent or solid substances designed to catch admixtures of incoming air and to mix with in in the mixing chamber. There is also a supercharger of air (a fan) into the mixing chamber, with the possibility to create a directed air flow from the space surrounding the device via inlet holes into the pre-bottom space. Side walls of the body limiting the pre-bottom space and at least a part of the mixing chamber adjoining it are arranged as narrowing towards the bottom, at the same time the side wall of the body at the level of the pre-bottom space and at least a part of the mixing chamber adjoining it is arranged as conical.

EFFECT: more efficient moistening and saturation of air with special substances, air purification.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for ventilation and air conditioning, and in particular to devices for regulating the microclimate in a confined space in order to improve human living conditions and other biological objects, for preventive and health (medical) purposes.

Climate control devices, depending on how many and which particular microclimate parameters are regulated, include humidifiers and / or cleaners and / or air fragrances (cleaning of various odors and gaseous substances, dust, dust mites, plant pollen, wool animals, tobacco and other smoke, bacteria and germs in isolated rooms, and others). The most versatile devices are sometimes called climate systems. They generally include: a housing with a mixing chamber and a flowing air system based on a built-in supercharger (fan); humidifier-evaporator, bubbler device (water turbulizer), filters, ionizers, etc. [Help in choosing air purifiers // http://www.climateunion.ru/news/detail.php?ID=684; Humidifier, air purifiers // http://www.inklimat.ru/catalog/ochistiteli-vozduha].

Humidification of air is effectively carried out by the method of cold evaporation, which is recognized as the best and used, for example, in VENTA LW model air humidifier cleaners-humidifiers [VENTA LW-80 air humidifier cleaners-humidifiers // http://www.klimat-pro.ru/catalog/ aircleaner / venta / lw-80 / ventalw80.aspx].

To intensify cold evaporation, electric drive elements (bubble discs or drums) are usually used with the possibility of rotation and partial immersion in water [Help in choosing air purifiers // http://www.climateunion.ru/news/detail.php?ID=684 , Fig. 5] or built-in ultrasonic generators [Humidifier, air purifiers // http://www.inklimat.ru/catalog/ochistiteli-vozduha].

Such devices are relatively bulky and expensive, although good for limited use.

Structurally simple and compact devices (mainly of their own design and manufacture), in which an air blower (fan) with a vertical axis of rotation is located directly above a tank with water or other evaporated and / or absorbing material, have proven themselves to be widely used in everyday life by the population ( with a gap from the surface of the water), and air outlets on the side surface of the housing within the specified gap [SU No. 1479790, F24F 3/14, 1987; Lyashchenko V.A. Air conditioners. The first city exhibition of inventions and crafts "St. Petersburg Intellectual Property". IS-300-I (on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg: Catalog / Under the general editorship of A.G. Semenov. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg State Pedagogical University, 2003. 110 pp. - P. 37; Lyashchenko V.A. A device for improving breathing conditions // Innovation Policy and Inventors (Russia - the beginning of the XXI century): Materials of the Interregional Scientific and Technical Conference of Inventors and the catalog of the City Exhibition of Inventions / edited by Yu.G. Popov and A.G. Semenov. - SPb., Publishing House of the Polytechnic University, Univ., 2010, 288 pp. - P.215-216; Lyashchenko, VA Home Resort. The Healer Device // Inventors and Innovation Policy of Russia: Material of the All-Russian Federation showroom / ed Yu.G.Popova and A.G.Semenova SPb .: Publishing house of the Polytechnic, University Press, 2011, 374 pp. -... S.241-243].

The air flow acts on the substance perpendicular to the front surface of the latter, is reflected, changes direction in the vertical plane as a whole within 90 ° and exits through the outlet openings. At the same time, depending on the geometrical characteristics of the device, the performance of the supercharger (fan) and its operating modes, it causes displacements and turbulence of both vaporous and liquid masses of substance (water), useful for the quality of the microclimate.

Closest to the claimed invention for the purpose and combination of design features (prototype), as well as the most informative, from the standpoint of illustration of design features, is a device for humidification, containing a hollow body with a flow-through air mixing chamber, inlet and outlet openings and a bottom space below outlet openings for accommodating water to be mixed with air in the mixing chamber, as well as an air blower (fan) in the mixing chamber with the possibility of the creation of a directed air flow from the space surrounding the device through the inlet openings to the bottom space, the side walls of the housing defining the bottom space and at least the adjacent part of the mixing chamber, made tapering towards the bottom [RU 4588 U1, F24F 3 / 14, July 16, 1997, patent holders V.A. Lyashchenko et al.].

In it, the side wall of the housing at the level of the bottom space and at least the adjacent part of the mixing chamber is made in a vertical section, tapering in radius, with a bulge outward. The additive substance is not placed directly in the body of the device, but in its additional quick-detachable part - the pallet. At the same time, it was not stipulated specifically what substances (except water) and their state of aggregation (as fundamentally possible and recommended options in the application to the device - microclimatic complex). The idea of the prototype invention is to organize guiding guides of the air flow at the inlet and outlet, which, from the standpoint of the claimed invention, is of no interest and is not subject to mandatory storage in the claimed device.

So, in the prototype device for placing water or another additive substance in the atmospheric air, a uniquely removable tray is provided, the side wall of which (as a container for the additive liquid) is arcuate with an outward radius of curvature, i.e. with a bulge, with a transition to a vertical line at the top (near the cylindrical part of the device). This is done simply from the “trivial” considerations of using standard household utensils.

The authors in their many years of practice in the manufacture, distribution and operation of these devices used purchased cases (products of their own other purposes) with non-optimal characteristics, not suspecting hidden reserves for improving the device's characteristics.

However, in the future, as the empirical and theoretical studies have shown, this form is not rational in terms of the dynamics of water movement under the influence of the air flow from the fan (blower): wave formation (ripples) and turbulence of the surface (liquid) and superficial (vaporous) layers of water . We are talking, of course, about the resulting insufficient efficiency of cold evaporation and small-droplet formation in the border zone. The main reason is the irrational shape of the wall of the pan or the casing (in the absence of the pan and placing water directly in its lower part): due to the radius of curvature of the side wall of the pan or casing, the tangent vector of the force of the water acting on the wall due to air pressure to the surface of the water, progressive in angle of attack and meets, respectively, progressive resistance to the movement of peripheral layers of water upward along the wall. In this case, the modulus of this vector, which determines the lifting force, also decreases. Accordingly, the oscillatory process in the peripheral layers of water is weak and in volume as a whole, its amplitude is insufficient, useful hydro- and gas-dynamic resonance processes in the liquid-vapor boundary zone are hindered, “crushed” by the progressive resistance of the water itself. This becomes apparent even with careful visual observation while the device is running.

Attempts to intensify the turbulence of water and its vapors by increasing the pressure head (productivity) of the air supercharger and reducing the gap between the supercharger and the surface of the water lead, in addition to increasing energy consumption and noise, to intensive spraying of water through the exit windows and wetting of the supercharger itself, which is unacceptable according to the requirements electrical safety.

And the presence of a pallet, in principle, is not necessary: the additive substance can be placed directly in the bottom of the hull.

Further, when using the device as an antiseptic, for example, when garlic and onions are laid in it during the period of influenza epidemics, these solid or consistent (porridge-like) substances are “washed” by the air stream only from the upper hemispheres, i.e. only about half the surface of "sublimation".

In addition, the execution of round outlet holes (see a number of analogues) is irrational in conditions of at least two-dimensional swirling of the flow by a supercharger, in any case, by a fan: there is an increased gas-dynamic resistance at the inlet, since the circular (in horizontal planes) flow movement at the periphery is not taken into account corps.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the efficiency (a kind of "coefficient of performance") of the device as a humidifier, a "saturator" with special substances and a micro-atmosphere cleaner at the device output, indoors, without additional elements and without energy costs, in within the same unit cost.

The result, in accordance with the task, is achieved due to the fact that in the device for regulating the microclimate, comprising a hollow body with a flow-through mixing chamber, inlet and outlet openings (windows) and a bottom space below the outlet openings (windows), for liquid , greases or solids additives designed to capture impurities of the incoming air and mix with it in the mixing chamber, as well as an air blower in the mixing chamber with the possibility of creating directed air flow from the space surrounding the device through the inlet openings to the bottom space, moreover, the side wall of the housing, limiting the bottom space and at least the adjacent part of the mixing chamber, is made tapering towards the bottom, the latter (tapering side wall) at a height not less than the maximum permissible level of filling with the additive substance is made conical.

The result is also achieved due to additional design features (with the main set of features formulated above):

- the device may contain a pallet for the additive substance, while the side wall of the specified pallet at a height of not less than the maximum permissible level of filling with the additive substance must be conical (in the presence of the pallet, the conical shape of the lower part of the housing is optional);

- with the previous set of features, the side wall of the pallet above the maximum permissible level of filling with the additive substance can be gradually tapering upwards, for example, with inverse taper or radius, with the formation of a water-turbulent belt;

- the device can be additionally equipped with at least one interchangeable fine-mesh lattice overhead support for placing solid or grease additives on it, with the possibility of interaction of the latter with the air stream additionally from below, from the bottom;

- the outlet openings in the housing can be made gradually expanding towards the swirl of the air flow, in horizontal planes, by a supercharger, in particular a fan, preferably teardrop-shaped.

Among the known devices were not found those whose combination of essential features would coincide with the claimed combination of features. At the same time, it is due to this combination that a new technical result is achieved.

In more detail, the invention is disclosed in the following implementation examples with the following illustrations:

figure 1 shows a device for controlling the microclimate in cross section, an option without a pallet, where H ₁ - the height of the profile (conical) generatrix of the side wall of the device; h ₁ - the maximum permissible level of filling of the device casing with an additive substance; φ is the angle of inclination of the side wall of the lower conical part of the body to the horizontal plane;

figure 2 - diagram of the force interaction "air flow - capacity with water", a view in vertical section, where F is the lifting force acting on water from the sides of the air flow along the conical wall of the housing;

figure 3 - presents a device for controlling the microclimate in cross section, an option with a pallet, where H ₂ - the height of the profile (conical) generatrix of the side wall of the device; h ₂ - the maximum permissible level of filling of the device casing with an additive substance;

figure 4 is the same, an option with a pallet equipped with a water striker, where R is the radius of curvature of the water striker;

figure 5 is the same, an option with a removable trellis pan for solid and grease additives.

The device comprises (see FIG. 1) a hollow body 1 (usually with a cover 2, which can be considered a removable part of the body 1 and even a “half-shell”) with a flow-through mixing chamber 3, inlet 4 and outlet 5 openings (respectively by the bottom space 6 below the outlet openings 5, for accommodating liquid, grease or solids 7, mainly water in this example), designed to trap impurities (in any state of aggregation, mainly solid) of the incoming air and mix with it in mixing chamber 3. An air blower (usually a fan) 8 is also provided in the mixing chamber 3. Moreover, with the possibility of creating a directed air flow from the space surrounding the device (the atmosphere of a “closed” space, such as a room, apartment, hospital room, prison cell) through the inlet 4 the bottom space 6. The side walls of the housing 1, limiting the bottom space 6 and at least the adjacent part of the mixing chamber 3, are made tapering towards the bottom of the housing 1.

The side wall of the housing 1 at the level of the bottom space 6, at a height H _{1 of} at least the maximum permissible level h _{1 of} filling with the additive substance 7, and at least the adjacent part of the mixing chamber 3, is made conical, with the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone to the horizontal plane, in a rational range of 45-60 ° (in the author's experimental sample and products of individual production - φ = 60 °).

This is a mandatory set of design features of the claimed device.

The further description concerns additional ones, i.e. optional but recommended symptoms.

So, the device may contain (see Fig. 3) a pallet 9 (or a set of interchangeable pallets 9) for the additive substance 7, while the side wall of the indicated pallet, at a height of H _{2, is} not less than the maximum permissible level h _{2 of} filling with the additive substance 7 is made conical.

In the device according to FIG. 4, the side wall of the pallet 9 above the maximum permissible filling level h _{2 of} the additive substance 7 can be gradually tapering upwards (towards the supercharger 8), for example, with the reverse taper (clearly and without illustration) or along the radius R (see figure 4), with the formation of a water-turbulent belt 10.

The device according to Fig. 5 can be additionally equipped with at least one interchangeable fine-mesh (from about 0.5 to 5 mm) trellised supra-bottom support 11 for placement on it of solid or grease additives 7, with the possibility of interaction of the latter with the air stream additionally from the bottom, from the bottom.

In the device (see FIG. 1), the outlet openings 5 in the housing 1 can be made gradually expanding towards the swirl of the air flow, in horizontal planes, by a supercharger, in particular a fan, 8, preferably teardrop-shaped.

The described example of a specific embodiment does not exclude other possible variants of the device within the scope of the claimed combination of essential structural features (see the claims).

The inventive device operates as follows.

When the supercharger (fan) 8 rotates, air is sucked in from the environment (the atmosphere of the room where the microclimate needs to be adjusted) through the inlet 4 (in this example, the cells of the rigid grid integrated in the central large hole in the housing cover 1) and is supplied in the axial direction, those. vertically down (along the axis of rotation of the supercharger (fan) 8) into the mixing chamber 3.

As in the closest analogue (prototype device), in a collision with water, the air stream is cleaned and saturated with water vapor. Purified and humidified air flows from the mixing chamber 3 through the outlet 5.

In connection with the introduction of new design features according to the claimed invention, the following physical (hydro- and gas-dynamic) processes appear in the operation of the device.

Having overcome the gap between the inlet of the supercharger 8 and the surface of the water 7 poured into the housing 1 (to a height of up to h ₂ inclusive) in the embodiment of the device of FIG. 1 or to the pallet 9 (to a height of up to h ₁ inclusive) in the embodiment of the device of FIG. 3, the air stream exerts normal pressure on the latter. In this case, the dynamic pressure of the jet is pulsating due to the characteristics of the supercharger 8. The pressure of the jet is transmitted according to Pascal's law to the conical part of the side wall of the housing 1, which determines the friction forces of water 7 against the wall and, at the same time, the presence of a lifting force (component) F along the conical wall (see figure 2). When the latter exceeds the sum of the friction and gravitational forces, the peripheral layers of water rise up along the conical part of the wall, moreover in a pulsating mode (explained above). The invariable (non-progressive) nature of the driving forces and resistance forces, due to the straightness of the generatrix of the side wall of the housing 1, provides, all other things being equal (performance of the blower 8, surface area and depth of water filling, etc.), the intensification of waves, turbulence of water and, as a result, water vapor above its surface. Cold evaporation and small-droplet formation in the boundary layer become more intense at a high height within the mixing chamber 3.

In the device of FIG. 4, peripherally rising water layers (see FIG. 2) passively, by means of a water stripper 10 and due to its inverse taper or radius of curvature R, are thrown back (sent) from the periphery to the center of the bottom space filled with water 6. the turbulence of the vapor-liquid medium in the mixing chamber 3 is enhanced even more, and large drops (splashes), on the contrary, are cut off - they are prevented from escaping from the pan 9 and / or into the outlet openings 5 (especially when using a supercharger 8 with a high flow rate, i.e., from ositelno high power).

The described physical, hydrodynamic processes are observed visually through the inlet holes 5 or when the case is made transparent or translucent when the device is operating.

As a result, the air flow in the mixing chamber 3 is more efficiently (to a greater extent, more fully) saturated with water vapor - moistened. Increases the efficiency and capture of mechanical and chemical impurities in the ambient air entering the chamber 3.

When using consistent and solid additives 7, the main distinguishing feature of the claimed invention does not give a substantial gain. However, the presence, as an additional feature, of a removable bottom support 11 especially for such substances provides an increase in the total area of interaction of the air flow with the substance 7: the air normally penetrates through the cells and the peripheral gap between the support 11 and the side wall of the housing 1, interacts with the substance 7 "From the back" and the same path enters back with a subsequent exit through the outlet 5.

When making holes 5 are drop-shaped (see description and FIG. 1), as well as an additional structural feature, the outlet of purified and “enriched” air through openings of this shape, taking into account the radial tangential movement of the peripheral periphery (flow swirl in horizontal planes) meets less gas-dynamic resistance. This causes not only a decrease in the power consumption of the device, but also reduces the loss of this “enrichment” (humidity, etc.).

As the water evaporates and / or becomes contaminated, it is topped up or replaced.

The use of the invention allows, due to partial optimization of the forms of the lower part of the body and / or the pallet, to improve the consumer properties of the device for controlling the microclimate: to increase its effectiveness (a kind of "coefficient of performance") as a humidifier, a saturator with special substances (flavorings, antiseptics, drugs) and a cleaner micro-atmospheres at the output of the device, indoors, and without additional elements and without energy costs, within the same cost of the device.

Claims (5)

1. A device for controlling the microclimate, comprising a hollow body with a flowing-air mixing chamber, inlet and outlet openings and a bottom space below the outlet openings, for placement of liquid, grease or solids additives designed to trap inlet air and mix with it in mixing chamber, as well as an air blower into the mixing chamber with the possibility of creating a directed air flow from the space surrounding the device through the inlet openings above the space, moreover, the side wall of the housing, limiting the bottom space and at least the adjacent part of the mixing chamber, is made tapering towards the bottom, characterized in that the side wall of the housing on the specified section of its narrowing, at a height of not less than the maximum allowable the level of filling with the additive substance is conical. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a pallet for an additive substance, wherein the side wall of said pallet at a height of not less than the maximum permissible level of filling with the additive substance is conical. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the side wall above the maximum permissible level of filling with the additive substance is made gradually tapering upward, for example, with inverse taper or radius, with the formation of a water-striking turbulent belt. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with at least one interchangeable fine-mesh lattice bottom support for placing solid or grease additives on it with the possibility of interaction of the latter with the air stream additionally from below, from the bottom. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet openings in the housing are made gradually expanding towards the swirl of the air flow in horizontal planes by a supercharger, in particular a fan, preferably teardrop-shaped.

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