RU2473316C1 - S.n.hunafin's scalpel-probe - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to surgery and can be applied for tissue dissection. Device contains metal shoot, in which with possibility of travel placed is scalpel, consisting of cutting working part and handle, embraced by shoot. Shoot is provided with puncturer, whose length corresponds to length of cutting part of scalpel, with shoot being made with depressions for 2-5 fingers, its internal walls are located at 30° angle with respect to shoot base, along entire shoot length projection is made, and in its back part stopper is placed, skids are made on lateral surfaces of scalpel, projection for 1-st finger is made on anterior located near cutting part one third part of scalpel handle in the plane of its cutting part. Scalpel is placed in shoot with its cutting part up, for reciprocal motion end of scalpel handle rests against shoot stopper, scalpel point is on the border of shoot and puncturer, for storage scalpel cutting part is placed in shoot in direction of stopper.

EFFECT: device makes it possible to improve possibility of cut depth and length dosing.

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Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to surgery and traumatology.

Surgical instruments - technical means by which the surgeon manipulates on organs and tissues in the production of surgical operations. The introduction of new operational methods, as a rule, is accompanied by the emergence of new technical means that make it possible to use new operational methods that were previously considered difficult or impossible.

Surgical instruments are divided into groups: the actual instruments and surgical apparatus. Actually, instruments are one-part, two-part or more complex metal products. Surgical devices include products that use mechanical, pneumatic or electric drives. The classification of surgical instruments is based on the medical principle, by specialty or by the engineering principle. According to functional characteristics, tools are divided into five groups: 1) for tissue separation; 2) to stop bleeding; 3) fixative - expanding and auxiliary; 4) for the connection of tissues; 5) a special-purpose tool (Big Medical Encyclopedia: in 35 volumes / under the editorship of A.N. Bakulev. - 2nd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1961. - V. 33: Tunberg method - chlorocruorin. - 1247 p.).

Existing approaches to tissue separation are associated with the use of a surgical scalpel. Distinguish between the ventral, genital and direct scalpels. This type of surgical instrumentation, according to the main functional sign, refers to the decoupling tissue. According to the engineering and technical classification, scalpels are classified as active tools that come into direct contact with tissues and damage them (Big Medical Encyclopedia: in 35 volumes / under the editorship of A.I. Bakulev. - 2nd ed. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia, 1961. - T.33: Tunberg method - chlorocruorin. -1247 p.) (J. Zoltan Cicatrix optima operating technique and conditions for optimal wound healing 3rd edition in Russian. Publishing house of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences BUDAPEST, 1983. - 174 from.)

In modern surgery, probes are used to study natural, pathological cavities and canals, holding cutting tools and tissue dilatation.

Known surgical grooved probe, which is a curved grooved metal plate of bending metal 15-20 cm long and 3-4 mm wide. One end of the probe is rounded, and a metal plate with a notch in the middle is attached to the other. The plate serves as a handle and can perform a locking function. This tool is used as a conductor of a cutting tool during cutting during operations of narrow infringing rings. The ring is cut through the groove of the probe inserted under the ring. This protects the surrounding soft tissue from damage by the cutting tool. Fistula passages are cut through the groove of the gutter probe (Big Medical Encyclopedia: in 35 volumes / under the editorship of A.N. Bakulev. - 2nd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1959. - V. 10: Jaundice - Ivashentsov . - 1247 p.).

Known scalpel with a given depth of cut, containing a handle, a neck, a working part with a cutting edge and a stop located at the base of the cutting edge, and the cutting edge and stop are placed on the same axis and are made at an angle of 90-130 ° to the axis of the scalpel handle, the width of the scalpel in its working part at the level of the cutting edge 1 - 0.95 of the width of the handle, and the distance from the stop to the end of the cutting edge is 3 mm (RU certificate for utility model 3197, 1996).

Known scalpel containing a handle, a rod and a working part with a sharp end and a cutting edge, and the working part is curved towards the cutting edge and is equipped with a limiter to the depth of cut. The proposed device can and should be used when dissecting soft tissues in the projection of the passage of the main vessels in order to ensure the safety of manipulation (RU patent for utility model 95993, 2010).

The closest analogue of the invention is a scalpel containing a blade, a handle and a removable protective case, made with the possibility of bonding with the handle, moreover, the removable protective case is made of elastic sheet material in the form of a gutter, the width of which corresponds to the thickness of the portion of the handle covered by the gutter, while the walls of the gutter made with the possibility of elastic compression to the surfaces of the handle section facing them, preferably made flat, one of the walls of the gutter being made longer than the other, in this section, from the side of the internal cavity of the trough, a fixing protrusion is made perpendicular to its wall with the possibility of using it as an axis of rotation, while a hole is made in the handle, preferably a through hole, with the possibility of putting on the said protrusion and turning around it, in addition, the distance from the edge of the blade to the hole used to rotate the case exceeds the distance from the end of the gutter to the axis of rotation of the case, and in the cavity of the gutter a rotation limiter is made with the possibility of contacting with the sample attached to it by the edge of the portion of the handle that is closed by the case, in addition, in the cavity of the case, at least on one wall of the gutter, an additional protrusion is made, the location of which corresponds to the location of the recess located on the corresponding side of the portion of the handle closed by the case (patent for utility model RU 108944 , 2011).

The technical result is the expansion of the technical capabilities of the device due to the reciprocating movement of the scalpel, dosing of the depth and length of the incision of soft tissues, the possibility of dissection of tissues with one hand of the surgeon, preventing trauma to underlying tissues, especially in the functional areas in the projection of vessels, joints, abdominal organs, scrotum ENT organs.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for dissection of tissues containing a metal groove, in which the scalpel is arranged to move, consisting of a cutting working part and a handle covered by the groove, according to the invention, the groove is equipped with a piercer, the length of which corresponds to the length of the cutting part of the scalpel, the groove is made with recesses for 2-5 fingers, its inner side walls are located at an angle of 30 ° relative to the base of the groove, a protrusion is made along the entire length of the groove, and A stopper is placed at the bottom, skids are made on the side surfaces of the scalpel, a protrusion for the 1st finger is made on the front of the scalpel’s handle located in the plane of its cutting part, the protrusion for the 1st finger is made, the scalpel is located in the groove with the cutting part upward, and for reciprocating movement, the end the scalpel's hand rests on the stopper of the gutter, the tip of the scalpel is located on the border of the gutter and the piercer, and for storage the cutting part of the scalpel is located in the gutter towards the stopper.

The invention is illustrated by the following figures: figure 1 shows the proposed scalpel probe, General view, disassembled; figure 2 - in working condition; figure 3 - in a state of storage.

The proposed device is a metal two-part tool, consisting of a pointed scalpel and probe. The probe consists of two parts: the groove 1, on which the stops for 2-5 fingers are made in the form of recesses 2 and the working part, made in the form of a piercer 3, the length of which corresponds to the length of the cutting part of the scalpel. The inner side walls of the gutter are located at an angle of 30 ° relative to the base of the gutter, which ensures that the scalpel does not fall out of the gutter, and a protrusion 4 is made along the entire length of the gutter. A stopper 5 is located in the back (opposite to the piercer) part of the gutter, which allows limiting the scalpel back. The gutter is designed to determine the general direction of the cut, and the working part is designed for sticking, determining the depth and holding the cutting part of the tool along it. The scalpel is a metal tool consisting of a working cutting part 6 and a handle 7, runners 8 are made on the lateral surfaces of the scalpel handle, on the front one third of the scalpel handle located in the plane of its cutting part, an emphasis is made for the 1st finger in the form of a protrusion 9. The scalpel is located in the gutter with the working cutting part upward, for movement in the reciprocating direction, the end of the scalpel handle rests against the stopper on the gutter, and the tip of the scalpel is on the border of the gutter and of the algae. The movement of the scalpel in the reciprocating direction occurs due to the movement of the skids of the scalpel along the protrusion of the gutter. After use, the scalpel is removed from the gutter, inserted into the gutter with the cutting part up towards the stopper, which ensures its safe storage.

The proposed scalpel probe is used as follows. The tissues requiring dissection are pierced by the working part of the probe (piercer) and carried out to the specified depth, direction and distance. If there is a channel, the piercer is preliminary summed up over the existing channel with its subsequent dissection. The surgeon’s thumb (1st) is located on the protrusion of the scalpel handle, and 2-5 fingers are located in the grooves of the gutter. With the forward movement of the thumb, the scalpel extends from the gutter towards the end of the piercer. The depth of cut is determined by the width of the scalpel blade, and the length of the cut is determined by the length of the piercer. Thus, the scalpel is moved along the probe groove in a given direction and distance, and the overlying tissues are dissected. The advantage of the proposed device is the possibility of its use in conducting a cut in the vertical direction, without injuring the underlying tissue, controlling the depth, length and direction of the cut.

The proposed device was used in the Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 18 of Ufa and BSMP in Ufa in medical work in 36 patients with deep skin burns and inguinal hernias requiring surgical intervention. There were no complications with the use of the device.

Thus, the proposed device, the scalpel probe, is safe, effective, easy to handle, incisions are made to the specified depth, length and direction, it does not injure the underlying tissue, therefore it can be recommended for use in trauma, surgical departments, while providing medical care in planned and emergency.

Claims (1)

A device for dissecting tissues containing a metal trough, in which a scalpel is made to move, consisting of a cutting working part and a handle covered by a trough, characterized in that the trough is provided with a piercer, the length of which corresponds to the length of the cutting part of the scalpel, while the trough is made with recesses for 2-5 fingers, its inner side walls are located at an angle of 30 ° relative to the base of the gutter, a protrusion is made along the entire length of the gutter, and a stop is placed in its rear part, on the side surfaces with the alpel is runner, on the front located at the cutting part of one third of the handle of the scalpel in the plane of its cutting part there is a protrusion for the 1st finger, the scalpel is located in the groove with the cutting part up, and for reciprocating movement, the end of the handle of the scalpel abuts against the stopper of the gutter, the tip the scalpel is located on the border of the gutter and the piercer, and for storage the cutting part of the scalpel is located in the gutter towards the stopper.

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