RU2473204C1 - Method of harvesting storm drains algae - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to industrial harvesting of storm drains algae and can be used for coastal fishery and in the shore. The method of harvesting of storm drains algae includes transfer of the seaworthy ship to the place of harvesting the drains, selection and loading of algae, subsequent transfer to the place of unloading of storm drains of algae, and unloading. The seaworthy cross-country vehicle on air-inflated tracks, with the control center and a hold placed between tracks, is used as a seaworthy ship. On the cross-country vehicle deck a removable platform with a hole that is compatible with the hold contour is mounted. On the platform in the forebody the picking-loading module is mounted which comprises a forked catcher and a conveyor, and in the afterbody - the articulated crane with clamping device for distribution of algae in the hold, and unloading, and also a hydraulic control system of picking-loading module and the articulated crane. The algae are picked up on the forward motion of the cross-country vehicle with the forked catcher until its filling. Then the cross-country vehicle is stopped, the harvested algae are unloaded from the picker on the conveyor, and from the conveyor to the hold, where they are flattened by the clamping device of the articulated crane.

EFFECT: claimed method of algae harvesting enables to improve efficiency of the harvesting of marine algae and to improve significantly the ecological status of coastal areas.

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Description

The invention relates to the industrial extraction of marine biological resources, namely: to technology for the collection of storm emissions of seaweed on specially equipped seaworthy all-terrain vehicles with a running system on air-supported tracks.

It can be used for coastal fishing on the coast of the beaches and in the surf strip of water.

Currently, the main area of extraction of seaweed is the coastal waters of the South Kuril Islands. However, the fishing period is very limited due to the need to ensure the reproduction of algae. In the period of active propagation of algae from September 1, a ban on the extraction of seaweed comes into force, which lasts until June 1 of next year. The summer months, when harvesting seaweed is allowed, coincides with the salmon season, which makes harvesting seaweed less attractive for fishermen.

A large resource in the harvesting and processing of seaweed is storm emissions. In contrast to harvesting algae in the sea, the collection of storm emissions is in no way limited during the year. In the autumn-winter period, the South Kuril region is subjected to frequent storms, as a result of which quite large accumulations of algae are formed on the coast, which are not used in any way.

The main difficulty in collecting storm emissions is the inaccessibility of the coastal strip for both land transport and marine vessels. Land transport cannot service the collection process due to the lack of roads, and sea transport because of the inability to approach the unequipped coast. The use of small boats to enter the coastal strip for collection seems too risky and inefficient, since the boats have too low carrying capacity and completely exclude the possibility of mechanizing the collection process. In the surf, they can get damaged due to impacts on the ground, are turned upside down or flooded with water under the influence of the surf.

The tasks that must be solved to obtain year-round access to valuable raw materials in the form of storm emissions are access to the coastal strip of a vehicle of sufficient carrying capacity and mechanization of algae collection.

Stormy algae emissions are formed at the level of the water edge with a partial discharge to the coast and a partial presence in the surf zone.

The collection of storm emissions of marine vegetation is of great economic importance. Laminaria and Fucus frustrates with excitement with a strength of 6-7 points, anfelia - 4-5 points. Storm emissions are collected immediately, since the quality of algae (especially kelp) on the shore is rapidly declining. Often storm emissions are collected manually, at the same time sorting algae by species, freeing them from ballast, and loaded onto vehicles for delivery to the processing site. To capture algae, clamshell devices are also used on a tractor or self-propelled pick-ups (http://ottenok.net/ulov/394.html. Kitran trawl). A known method of collecting shallow fucus and tractors at low tide (http: //skrasa.narod.m/stat/7_91.html).

A known method of collecting marine emissions using CENTAUR all-terrain vehicles with amphibious properties, which install removable equipment for cleaning the coastal strip from emissions. To store the collected emissions, such all-terrain vehicles are equipped with a floating trailer-trailer (http://argoatv.com.ua). The disadvantage of such machines is that they can be used mainly for cleaning beaches where algae are collected that are not suitable for industrial use, since their quality, especially under the influence of atmospheric precipitation, is rapidly deteriorating, they are usually used for the manufacture of second-rate products, fertilizers etc.

In addition, the disadvantage of such machines is that they do not have protection against sea waves, i.e. cannot make independent sea crossings to remote bays and independently return with cargo. In addition, the machine is low-power, and therefore, even taking into account the trailer-trailer, it cannot provide sufficient cargo capacity to ensure the economic feasibility of its use for collecting raw materials.

Another disadvantage is their device for collecting storm emissions, which is intended for collection by robbery. This collection method will result in severe mechanical damage to the feed. In addition, the device does not provide for the mechanical loading of raw materials into a trailer trailer. The use of manual labor in the collection requires additional working hands and significantly reduces overall productivity.

In the extraction of marine bioresources, methods for collecting storm emissions using small craft with a manual method for collecting and loading algae into a craft are known.

The mechanization of the collection of multi-ton storm emissions using small craft is impossible because of their small size, which does not allow placing the appropriate equipment, and their inability to safely overcome the surf and move along the coastal strip.

In addition, small exchanges of boats, allowing them to go to the water edge to collect algae, correspond to a small load capacity, which requires frequent movement between the place of collection and the place of delivery of algae.

The collection of storm emissions from coastal areas remote from the craft’s basing sites is even more difficult due to the limited ability to remove such craft from the port of refuge.

The key disadvantages of traditional storm emissions collection are as follows:

1. inaccessibility for the collection of storm emissions of coastal areas remote from the port of basing of small vessels and without highways access to them;

2. the inability to mechanize the process of collecting algae.

According to the inventors, one of the ways to solve the problem may be to use an amphibious all-terrain vehicle specially equipped for this purpose to collect storm emissions of algae.

Famous all-terrain vehicle-amphibian (RF patent No. 64140, publ. June 27, 2007). However, for movement on water, it is equipped with a propeller, which can be disabled when immersed in sufficiently dense layers of algae that form in the surf strip, which may include various wood debris, scraps of ropes, etc.

An amphibious vehicle on air-supported caterpillars is known (referred to in this application as a seaworthy all-terrain vehicle), which has improved driving performance in conditions of marine shallow water and a surf strip (www.msun.ru/res/www/Azovcev/tsvgrus.htm).

Such a vehicle, according to the authors, can be taken as the technical basis of the vehicle in relation to the creation of a method for collecting storm emissions of seaweed.

The inventors in the information resources available to them did not find direct analogues of the claimed method for collecting storm emissions of algae.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method for collecting storm emissions of seaweed, which allows to increase the efficiency of harvesting marine biological resources that are not available for the traditional method of extraction, as well as to improve the ecological condition of coastal areas saturated with decay products of seaweed, to make available for the collection of storm emissions of coastal areas remote from the base port of small vessels, and without access to roads.

To solve this problem, a method for collecting storm emissions of algae was created, including the transfer of a seaworthy vehicle to the place of collection of emissions, selection of algae and loading, the subsequent transition to the place of unloading of storm emissions of seaweed and unloading, using a seaworthy all-terrain vehicle on air-supported tracks with a control center and a hold located between the tracks, on the deck of which there is a removable platform having an opening compatible with the contour of the hold, and in which the pick-and-load module consisting of a fork-shaped pick-up and conveyor is installed in the bow, and in the stern - the crane-manipulator with a gripping device for distributing algae in the hold and unloading, as well as a hydraulic control system for the pick-and-load module and the crane-manipulator , at the same time, the selection of algae is carried out in the forward run of the all-terrain vehicle with a fork-shaped grab until it is full, then the all-terrain vehicle is stopped, the collected algae from the pick-up are transferred to the conveyor, and from the conveyor in the hold, where they are leveled using the gripper of the crane, after transshipment of algae, the all-terrain vehicle includes forward gear and repeat all operations.

The all-terrain all-terrain vehicle used in the invention with a running system on air-supported tracks meets the requirements of versatility, seaworthiness, amphibiousness, is environmentally friendly, maintaining controllability at low speeds (www.msun.ru/res/www/Azovcev/tsvgrus.htm).

According to the authors of this application, unlike conventional vehicles, such a seaworthy all-terrain vehicle, used in the collection of storm emissions, allows the mechanized collection of algae both from the coastal strip and from the water in the surf strip. In addition, the significantly greater autonomy of navigation of a seaworthy all-terrain vehicle compared to small vessels both in time and in distance from the port of refuge allows one to master the collection of storm emissions on the coast, which is not available for the traditional fishing method.

From the point of view of simplifying the design, it would be possible to get by with just one fork-shaped pickup, which, at the corresponding boom length, would load the algae on board itself, however, such a design would have a longer cycle due to the long shoulder: grab ⇒ lift and fall out ⇒ return to initial position.

The invention is illustrated in figures 1-4, reflecting the design of a seaworthy all-terrain vehicle and various technological operations for the selection, loading and preparation for transportation of storm emissions provided by the invention. Figure 1 presents a General view of a seaworthy all-terrain vehicle with a platform installed on it with fishing equipment for collecting storm emissions of seaweed;

figure 2 - image of a seafaring all-terrain vehicle with folded fishing equipment for the period of transition to the place of collection of storm emissions);

figure 3 is an image of a seafaring all-terrain vehicle, performing the selection of storm emissions;

figure 4 - image of a seafaring all-terrain vehicle, moving the collected storm emissions into the hold.

Before entering the fishery to the gathering place of storm emissions, a nautical all-terrain vehicle is equipped with air support tracks (Fig. 1), having a control center 1 and hold 2. On deck 3, a removable platform is installed 4. The platform is mounted on the deck of the nautical all-terrain vehicle using standard assemblies used for fastening containers.

A hole is cut out in the platform, which is combined with the contour of the hold. A pick-and-load module is installed in the bow of the platform, consisting of articulated fork-shaped pickup 5 and conveyor 6, and in the stern of it, a loader crane 7 with a gripping device 8 for distributing algae in the hold and unloading, as well as a hydraulic control system 9 loading module and truck mounted crane.

As mentioned above, the pick-up module consists of two articulated elements - a fork-shaped pickup and a conveyor. In this case, the front part of the pick-and-load module is supported on a pair of wheels located on the sides of the module and mounted on the same axis, and the rear part is supported on the axis fixed between the support legs on the platform. In the working position, the grab is lowered to the ground with a pitchfork forward in the direction of travel. To transfer the collected algae onto the conveyor, the pick-up is rotated on the supporting axis located at the joint with the conveyor using a hydraulic system.

For the period of transition to the destination, the pick-and-load module and the crane are on board in the folded state (figure 2).

Equipped with a seaworthy all-terrain vehicle on air-supported tracks, it goes to the place of gathering storm emissions of algae. The management of a seafaring off-road vehicle is carried out from the control center.

Upon reaching the collection point, the all-terrain vehicle stops, and the pick-and-load module is brought into the working position using the hydraulic system 9 (Fig. 3). The selection of storm algae emissions begins with the all-terrain vehicle being given a forward course, and the fork-shaped pick-up of the 5th pick-up is submerged under the seaweed beds. The planting of seized algae in a mass on pickup occurs when the all-terrain vehicle moves forward. After filling the pickup, i.e. when a sufficient mass of algae is accumulated in the pick-up, the all-terrain vehicle is stopped, the pick-up is lifted using a hydraulic system and the collected algae are transferred onto the conveyor b. From the conveyor having a tip over the hold, storm emissions are loaded into the hold (figure 4). As soon as the grapple is lowered, the all-terrain vehicle again begins to move forward. Selection and loading operations are repeated as many times as necessary. Their uniform distribution over the hold is carried out by means of the capture of 8 crane-manipulator. In case of small crossings along the coastal strip in the absence of collection facilities, the pickup rises and falls on the conveyor.

At the end of the work, the pick-and-load module is lifted aboard by means of a hydraulic system and set to the traveling state, after which the all-terrain vehicle moves to the unloading place, where the hold is freed from storm emissions using a crane.

The collection of algae implies the presence of two people on board: one, located in the cockpit of the control center, controls the movement of the all-terrain vehicle, the selection device and the conveyor; the second, located on the deck, controls the crane and performs all auxiliary operations. It is also possible to move the crane control to the cab. In this case, the entire collection process can be carried out by one person.

The technical result of the invention is that a new method for collecting storm emissions of seaweed has been created; the efficiency of fishing increases, since the collection is carried out simultaneously both on the coastal and in the surf strip, while developing coastal territories inaccessible to traditional methods of algae extraction due to the remoteness of small vessels from the port of departure in the absence of access to these territories by roads; reduced production costs, since the method involves a limited human resource, eliminates the need to attract additional transport and maintenance personnel to deliver products from the field to the place of delivery; significantly improves the ecological condition of coastal areas, often oversaturated with the decomposition products of algae; contributes to the development of technology for coastal fishing in conditions of unequipped coast through the use of seafaring all-terrain vehicles on air-supported tracks. At the same time, such tasks as the rational use of marine off-road vehicles in connection with their self-sufficiency for the implementation of multifaceted collection, transshipment and processing of storm emissions, which are often multi-ton, are also solved.

Claims (1)

A method of collecting storm emissions of seaweed, including transferring a seaworthy vehicle to a place of collection of emissions, selecting algae and loading, then moving to a place of discharge of storm emissions of seaweed and unloading, in which a seaworthy vehicle is used as a seaworthy vehicle on air-supported tracks with a hold located between caterpillars, on the deck of which a removable platform is installed, having an opening compatible with the contour of the hold, on which a pick-and-load is placed in the bow a module consisting of a fork-shaped pick-up and conveyor, and in the aft part - a crane with a gripping device for distributing algae in the hold and unloading, as well as a hydraulic control system for the pick-loading module and a crane, while seaweed is selected in forward gear the all-terrain vehicle with a fork-shaped grab until it is full, then the all-terrain vehicle is stopped, the collected algae from the pick-up are transferred to the conveyor, and from the conveyor to the hold, where they are leveled using a gripper wound manipulator after transshipment algae terrain vehicle includes a front running and all operations are repeated.

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