RU2472952C1 - Pneumatic driving method of clutch mechanism of expansion machine section shafts with power take-off shaft of piston engine with feeding by working medium generated by free-piston gas generator with common external combustion chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic driving method of clutch mechanism of expansion machine section shafts with power take-off shaft of piston engine is designed for control of torsional moment without gear shift mechanism of piston engine with working medium feeding generated by free-piston gas generator with common external combustion chamber. To engage the shafts of extension machine sections of engine with power take-off shaft the engine control system supplies the air compressed in gas generator compressor cavities into the cavity of coupling drive piston of that extension machine, where the coupling is needed, and shaft gears of extension machine and piston engine are coupled. To disengage the shaft of extension machine section from power take-off shaft of piston engine the engine control system supplies the air compressed in gas generator compressor cavities into the opposite cavity of coupling drive piston and shaft gears of extension machine and piston engine are disengaged.

EFFECT: simplification of structure, power and energy consumption of coupling mechanism of piston sections with power take-off shaft.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to power engineering.

Level of technology

The closest analogue of the development is the invention "Pneumatic drive of the fuel injector of a free piston engine", patent RU 2388928 C2. The pneumatic drive of the fuel injector is designed to ensure the operability of the paired energy module (Patent RU 2342546 “An electric generator based on a free piston engine with an external combustion chamber.” Patent RU No. 2238608 C1 “Energy module with an accelerator armature.” Patent RU 2340783 C1 “Piston block and anchor” to an energy method. Patent RU 2394341 “Stationary magnetization coil of the armature of a linear electric machine.” Patent RU 2349765 C1 “Pneumatic valve drive of a single-stroke free-piston engine with an external combustion chamber.” Patent RU 2426900 C1 “Optimization of the expansion process of the combustion products of a free-piston power module with an external combustion chamber.” Patent RU 2388928 C2 “Pneumatic drive of the fuel nozzle of a free-piston engine.” Patent RU 2422655 C1 “Two-cylinder free-piston power module with a common external combustion chamber and a linear electric generator” Application No. 201118052 "Method for synchronizing the movement of pistons of a twin twin-cylinder free-piston power module." Patent RU 2345232 C1 "Gas distribution method for synchronizing the movement of the pistons of the energy module." Application No. 201009988 "Pulse synchronization of the movement of the pistons of a free-piston twin energy module with a common external combustion chamber." Application No.2010116546 “Method for cooling pistons of a two-cylinder single-stroke free-piston power module with a common external combustion chamber and a linear electric generator with opposed arm movement”), a paired gas generator with an external combustion chamber (Patent RU 2324060 C1, “Free-piston gas generator of a ram engine with two compressor drive pistons ". Patent RU 2324830 C1," Free-piston gas generator of a ram engine with one piston of the compressor drive. "Patent RU 2415286 C1" Gas distribution method of synchronization method of lowering the piston movement of a free piston gas generator with an external combustion chamber. Application No. 201019000 “Optimization of the expansion process of the combustion products of a free piston gas generator with an external combustion chamber”) and a piston engine powered by a working fluid from a free piston gas generator with an external combustion chamber (Application No. 2011109414 “ "A piston engine powered by a working fluid from a free piston gas generator with an external combustion chamber." Application No. 2011109158 “A method for optimizing the expansion of combustion products in a cylinder of a piston engine powered by a working fluid from a free-piston gas generator with an external combustion chamber”. Application No. 20111120925 “A way to increase the torque of a piston engine powered by a working fluid from a free-piston gas generator with a common external combustion chamber”.

The principle of operation of the analogue of the invention is "Pneumatic drive of the fuel injector of a free piston engine", patent RU 2388928.

The kinetic energy of the pistons of free piston machines at the extreme points of motion approaches zero. It is at this moment that energy is required to actuate the mechanical drive of the fuel injector. In any type of free piston machine there is a source of compressed air, a compressor and a pneumatic accumulator, the energy of which is directly used to drive the fuel nozzle. The drive operates as follows. From the channel, figure 1, through which the compressed air moves from the source of compressed air, is shown by arrow 1, part of it passes through the channel 2 through the spool 3 into the upper cavity of the nozzle drive piston 4, and air flows out of the lower cavity into the atmosphere through channel 5. Piston the nozzle actuator 4 and the plunger 6 connected to it move downwards, according to the figure, injecting a dose of fuel through valve 7, the check valve 8 is closed, into the combustion chamber 9. When they reach the lower extreme position, the control system supplies an electric pulse to the drive solenoid ka, not shown, spool 3 occupies the lower position. Now the air from the compressor through the channel 5 enters the lower cavity of the piston of the nozzle 4, as a result of which it and the plunger 6 connected to it move up. Fuel through the valve 8 is sucked into the cavity of the plunger 6 from the fuel tank, not shown in the figure. The nozzle is ready for the next work cycle.

The purpose of the invention

The purpose of the claimed invention is to simplify the design, reduce the specific power and energy consumption of the clutch mechanism of the piston sections with the power take-off shaft of the piston engine powered by a working fluid generated by a free-piston gas generator with a common external combustion chamber. Such an engine provides the necessary traction characteristics without a gear change mechanism.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A piston engine powered by a working fluid generated by a free-piston gas generator with a common external combustion chamber (Application No. 2011109414 "A piston engine powered by a working fluid from a free-piston gas generator with an external combustion chamber." Application No. 2011109158 "A way to optimize the process of expansion of combustion products in a piston cylinder engine powered by a working fluid from a free-piston gas generator with a common external combustion chamber. Application No. 2011125 “A way to increase the torque of a piston engine with a feed Niemi svobodnoporshnevogo working fluid from the gas generator with a common external combustion chamber) is composed of two main units - svobodnoporshnevogo gas generator with a common outer combustion chamber (hereinafter gas generator) and several piston expansion machines. The gas generator generates a working fluid (products of combustion of motor fuel of high parameters - temperature and pressure) and directs it to one or more expansion machines, which in turn transform the energy of the working fluid into mechanical energy of rotation of the engine power take-off shaft.

The principle of operation of a free-piston gas generator with a common external combustion chamber is as follows. When starting the gas generator, the fuel is injected into the combustion chamber 1 (see figure 2) by the nozzle 2 and ignited by the spark plug 3. The combustion products through the gas distribution valve (hereinafter referred to as the valve) 4 enter the left cavity of the compressor drive piston 5, as a result of which the piston 5 and the piston 7 connected to it by the rod 6 moves (according to the figure) from left to right. Since the area of the left (according to the figure) surface of the piston 5 is larger than the area of its opposite surface by the cross-sectional area of the rod 6, the air pressure in the cavity to the right of the piston 5 (compressor cavity) is greater than the pressure of the combustion products to the left of the piston 5. Therefore, the air from the right cavity of the piston 5, the valve 8 is closed, through the valve 9 enters the combustion chamber 1, thereby providing air for the combustion process of the fuel. At the same time, when the piston 7 moves, air (from the following combustion products) from its right cavity through valve 10, valve 11 is closed, released into the atmosphere, and through open valve 12, air from the atmosphere is sucked into the left cavity of piston 7. When pistons reach 5 and 7 of the rightmost position, the control system (not shown in the figure) translates valves 4 and 10 into opposite positions. Now, the combustion products from the combustion chamber enter the right cavity of the piston 7, and the pistons 5 and 7 move from right to left. Air from the left cavity of the piston 7 opens the valve 11 and enters the combustion chamber 1. The valve 9 closes and air from the atmosphere through the opened valve 8 is sucked into the right cavity of the piston 5. As soon as the pressure of the combustion products in the combustion chamber reaches the operating value, the shutter 13 and combustion products enter the expansion machine.

A piston engine powered by a working fluid generated by a free-piston gas generator operates as follows. As soon as the pressure of the combustion products in the combustion chamber of the gas generator reaches the operating value, the control system opens the shutter 13 and the combustion products enter the gas distribution valves of the engine. The control system monitors the position of the pistons in the cylinders and opens the gas control valve of the cylinder in which the piston is between the start and end extreme points of movement. The combustion products entering the cylinder act on the piston and it begins to move. The energy of a moving piston by a motion conversion mechanism (for machines with cylindrical pistons, a crank mechanism, for machines with rotary pistons a crank) is converted into rotational energy of the power take-off shaft. Upon arrival of the piston at the extreme end point of movement, the control system closes the intake valve and opens the exhaust valve. By the conversion mechanism, the piston returns to the starting point of motion, pushing the combustion products out of the cylinders.

To control the magnitude of the torque on the motor shaft, in addition to varying the mass of fuel gas supplied to the combustion chamber per unit time, the engine is equipped with several expansion machines. Such a scheme allows, by a combination of on and off expansion machines, to change the value of the torque on the motor shaft in several ranges corresponding to the number of engine expansion machines. In the first range, one expansion machine is involved. To go into the second range, the control system additionally supplies combustion products from the gas generator to the next expansion machine, and to the third range to the third expansion machine, etc. Connecting and disconnecting expansion machines is carried out by the coupling mechanisms of the shafts of the expansion machines with the engine power take-off shaft, the action of which is provided by the energy of the air compressed in the gas generator. To do this, compressed air is taken from the cavity between the valves 9, 11 and the entrance to the combustion chamber 1 and through the pipe 14, figure 3, through the check valve 15 enters the pneumatic accumulator 16 and first charges at the initial start-up of the engine, and then recharges it as the air flows . Further, from the pneumatic accumulator 16 through the pipe 17 and through the spool 18, which is in the right position according to the figure, it enters the right cavity of the clutch actuator piston 19. Assume that the clutch actuator piston 19 is in the right position, as shown in the figure. Then, under the action of compressed air, the drive piston of the coupling 19 moves to the left and the leash 20 also moves the coupling 21 and the gear 22 to the left. Clutch 20 spline - allows the gear 22 to move along the shaft of the expansion machine 23, while not turning. The gear 22 engages with the gear 23, transfers the moment of rotation to the shaft of the engine 24 and at the same time the control system sends the combustion products from the gas generator to the expansion machine 25. The torque of the engine shaft becomes equal to the sum (at maximum engine load) of the expansion machines 26 and 25. Further increasing the engine rotation torque can be realized by connecting another expansion machine, for example, expansion machine 27. To disconnect the same expansion machine from the motor shaft 24 sys The control topic supplies an electrical signal to the coil of the coil 28, as a result of which the armature of the solenoid 29 and the spool 18 connected to it move to the left. Now, compressed air from the pneumatic accumulator 16 is directed to the left volost of the piston of the drive of the coupling 19, moves it to the right and disconnects the gears 22 and 23. Thus, depending on the required torque on the motor shaft, the required number of expansion machines is turned on and off.

Disclosure of invention

The pneumatic method for driving the clutch mechanism of the shafts of sections of expansion engines of a piston engine with a power take-off shaft of a piston engine powered by a working fluid generated by a free-piston gas generator with a common external combustion chamber includes a free-piston gas generator with an external combustion chamber, expansion machines of a piston engine and an engine control system, characterized in that for coupling the shaft of the section of the expansion machine of the piston engine with the power take-off shaft of the engine system and the control of the piston engine delivers the compressed air in the cavities of the compressor of the gas generator into the cavity of the piston of the drive clutch of the expansion machine in which it is necessary to provide such coupling, and the gears of the shafts of the expansion machine and the piston engine are engaged, and the sections of the expansion machine and the shaft will disengage piston engine power take-off, the engine control system delivers compressed air in the cavities of the compressor of the gas generator to the opposite cavity of the clutch actuator ny, and the gears of the shafts of the expansion machine and the piston engine disengage.

Industrial applicability

Most technologies for the production of parts and components of a pneumatic drive of the clutch mechanism of the shaft sections of expansion machines of a piston engine powered by a working fluid generated by a free-piston gas generator with a common external chamber with a power take-off shaft are traditional.

Graphic material

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the pneumatic drive of the engine nozzle.

1 - channel for supplying compressed air to the combustion chamber, 2 - channel for supplying compressed air to the spool, 3 - spool, 4 - piston for the nozzle drive, 5 - channel for the lower cavity of the piston for the nozzle drive, 6 - plunger, 7, 8 - check valve, 9 - the combustion chamber.

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a free-piston gas generator with an external combustion chamber.

1 - combustion chamber, 2 - nozzle, 3 - spark plug, 4, 10 - gas distribution valve, 5, 7 - pistons, 6 - rod, 8, 9, 11, 12 - non-return valve, 13 - damper.

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of connecting the shafts of expansion machines to the motor shaft.

1-14, 17 - pipeline, 15 - non-return valve, 16 - pneumatic accumulator, 18 - solenoid coil, 19 - clutch actuator piston, 20 - leash, 21 - clutch, 22 -, 23 - gears, 24 - motor shaft, 25, 26, 27 - expansion machine.

Claims (1)

A pneumatic method for driving the clutch mechanism of the shafts of sections of expansion engines of a piston engine with a power take-off shaft of a piston engine powered by a working fluid generated by a free-piston gas generator with a common external combustion chamber, including a free-piston gas generator with an external combustion chamber, expansion machines of a piston engine and an engine control system, characterized in that for coupling the shaft of the section of the expansion machine of the piston engine with the shaft of the engine power take-off the piston engine control system supplies compressed air in the cavities of the gas generator compressor to the piston cavity of the clutch drive of the expansion machine in which it is necessary to provide such a clutch, and the gears of the shafts of the expansion machine and the piston engine are engaged, and the sections of the expansion machine and the shaft will disengage engine power take-off, the engine control system supplies compressed air in the cavities of the compressor of the gas generator to the opposite cavity of the piston of the clutch drive the clutch and gears of the shafts of the expansion machine and the reciprocating engine disengage.

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