RU2471515C2 - Individual respiratory versatile training device idut-p2 and method for using it (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to medicine. An individual respiratory training device comprises a cavity which has a perimetre slot to insert a heat-exchange and dust-filtering insert package into an internal space; the package is made of a material having higher heat absorption capacity and thermal conductivity. The cavity is made of two portions coupled by a connection. For extreme conditions, the cavity volume for inhaled and exhaled air mixture shall not be more than 0.55 l. For the purpose of therapeutic trainings, the cavity volume for inhaled and exhaled air mixture shall be equal to 2.5 l. A method of using the training device consists in the fact that an exhalation process is cyclic by increasing a zero pressure to -20 mm Hg, then decreasing to 0-5 mm Hg with a period of respiratory cycle 2 to 5 sec. with the period and the cycle and their number depending on user's individual potentials.

EFFECT: higher efficacy of the training device.

Description

The invention relates to the field of respiratory protection when working in extreme conditions, for example, in frost at temperatures that create the preconditions for hypothermia of the respiratory tract, protection of the respiratory system from cooling during an acute respiratory illness while in a cold atmosphere, maintaining a natural vasodilator compound - carbon dioxide gas, as well as reducing the level of pollution of the inhaled air mixture.

A gas mask breathing apparatus is known in the art, including a helmet-mask, adapter tube-neck, container box with a system of purification filters, a bag for transporting a gas mask [1]. (Popular Medical Encyclopedia. M.: Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1991, p. 501).

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to breathe the return gas mixture, inefficiency when breathing at low temperatures.

Known simulator (TFI) TU-9619-001-42529619-2001, which consists of a tube, a container for inhaled and exhaled air mixture. A disadvantage of the known simulator (TFI) is the inability to use it at low temperatures.

Also known is the F-62Sh aerosol respirator (Popular Medical Encyclopedia. Sovetskaya Encyclopedia Publishing House. M., 1991, pp. 522 ÷ 523), which includes a front part (half mask), an adapter neck for connecting the front part with filtering elements, and mounting systems device on the user. The disadvantage of this device is the inability to breathe the return gas mixture, low efficiency when breathing in conditions of freezing temperatures.

The closest device to the invention according to the set of essential features is the device disclosed in patent RU 2020976 C1, comprising a front part connected through a pipe to a container, the container being made of detachable parts interconnected by a connection unit providing installation or replacement of filter elements , the attachment point of the device on the user, the disadvantage of the known solution is the inability to use in conditions of negative temperatures.

There is also a method of reducing chronic tissue hypoxia (patent RU No. 2133629 of 04/03/1998), which is also described in the instructions for use of the simulator (TFI - exercise simulator TU 9619-001-42529619-2001). This method breathes through the mouth. The technical result of the proposed method is achieved by creating air resistance with a water column equal to 10-50 mm of water. senior, multiported in equal economical mode of air flow for 4-8 s. With a respiratory act of more than 20 s, a breath is taken for 0.5-1.5 s.

Such a regimen of breathing training is very complicated and physically unclear how to change the air environment in the alveoli of the lungs during microcreation and exhalation in 0.5 s, given that there is a volume of “dead space” consisting of exhaled air in the path of movement.

The objective of the claimed invention is the creation of a simple, affordable device that ensures the creation of the minimum allowable temperature in the inhaled air mixture, eliminating the hypothermia of the respiratory tract when performing a respiratory act, in working conditions at low temperatures, as well as the protection of the respiratory system during the disease and after acute respiratory illness, as well as during the next inhalation through the device, due to the mixture of air of return breathing and atmospheric air, it is possible to create necessary lung alveoli diminished hypoxia (low oxygen content) and hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide content), while physically there is a slight expansion of the alveoli, which according to (Buteyko KP "Purification of breath. Nature and man", 1998, No. 5) significantly increases the gas exchange process in the alveoli of the lungs, increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen, so necessary in the body.

The technical result is achieved by creating a device in which the inhaled air mixture is heated as it passes through the heat exchange package, and also by mixing the heated return air mixture with the newly introduced cold air. In another embodiment, due to the intermediate capacity, a reduced oxygen content and a high carbon dioxide content are created, and also due to the regulation of air supply during expiration, an increased pressure is created in the alveoli of the lungs, so the proposed device can provide respiratory training as in free breathing in a non-pressure mode ( TFI device, design by Mishustin Yu.N.), and exhalation under pressure, design by V.F. Frolov.

The proposed device consists of a container (4), along its perimeter (see Fig. 1), a connector is made for installing or replacing the heat exchange filler in the internal volume (6). Holes with a diameter of up to 5.0 mm (in the form of perforations on the surface) with a total area greater than or equal to the opening of the neck (3) are made in the lower part of the container, while the container along the perimeter of the connector has a node for connecting the upper part to the bottom.

The heat transfer bag (6) can be made on the basis of natural fibrous materials (cotton, wool, linen, etc.) and artificial synthetic fibers (nylon, nylon, rayon, etc.) with repeated use of the device. The front part (1) is attached to the upper part of the tank (4) through the adapter (3) in the neck. A heat insulating layer (2) is laid on the inner side of the front part along the face contact surface.

Depending on the operating conditions, the capacity for the heat exchange package (Fig. 1) can take various forms. The lower (8) part of the container for exhaled and inhaled mixture is performed in 2 versions (Fig. 1.2.)

I For breathing in extreme conditions (low temperature with a painful condition, etc.) it is perforated with a hole diameter of up to 5 mm (Fig. 1). The total volume of up to 0.55 liters.

II For breathing in the overpressure mode when exhaling, as well as free breathing in the mode with additional capacity. The total volume is selected from 0.5 to 2.5 liters (Fig. 2).

In the design for breathing according to option II, up to 9 holes with a diameter of 0.5-3.0 mm are made uniformly on the surface in the lower part of the housing (16). The homogeneity of the inhaled air mixture is achieved by a different level of the location of the holes (16, 14, 15, 20) in the lower part of the container. Using the valve regulator, when the handle (11) is smoothly turned, the holes (15) located on the plane (10) of the lower part of the tank are aligned or shifted with holes (14) located on the valve (9). When combining the holes, free breathing without resistance is ensured by the method of breathing with an intermediate tank; when the holes are displaced, excessive pressure is created when exhaling from free breathing to a maximum allowable value of ~ 20 mm water column. This pressure is regulated in accordance with the technical conditions for the device during its manufacture. The volume of the container for inhaled and exhaled mixture according to option II is selected based on the experience of the authors equal to 2.5 liters. When using the simulator device for medicinal purposes, it is necessary to apply a variable volume of the container for inhaled and exhaled air starting from 0.5 l to 2.5 l. The required volume in the proposed design is obtained either by installing a fictitious volume in the lower part of the tank, or by replacing a small volume with a larger one (Fig. 2) 18.

Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the diagrams of the IDUT-P2 device. The device consists of:

1. front part (half mask);

2. heat insulating layer;

3. adapter in the upper neck for the passage of the air mixture during inhalation and exhalation;

4. The top honor of the tank for installing a heat transfer and filter bag;

5. thermal insulation of the upper part of the tank;

6. heat transfer and filter layer;

7. the connection node of the upper and lower parts of the tank for installing a heat transfer package or replacing the lower part of the tank;

8-1 and 8-2, the lower part of the tank (removable part) is completed in 2 versions (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2);

9. a valve for regulating excess pressure during exhalation;

10. handle for regulating overpressure;

11. perforations in the lower part of the tank (8-1, option I);

12. hook connection of the lower and upper parts of the container for inhaling and exhaling the air mixture (connection option);

13. threaded connection of the lower to the upper part of the container for inhaling and exhaling the air mixture (connection option);

14. a hole in the valve to control overpressure during expiration;

15. an opening in the lower part of the tank for regulating excess pressure during exhalation;

16. an opening in the lower part of the container to ensure homogeneity of the inhaled air (option II, 8-2);

17. assembly for fixing (Fig. 2) the front of the device;

18. fictitious volume filler;

19. the intermediate breathing tube;

20. shut-off valve for the passage of air when inhaling and closing the passage of the air mixture when exhaling;

21. container attachment unit for inhaled and exhaled mixture.

Work with the proposed device IDUT-P2 includes the following steps:

- preparation of the main nodes;

- assembly of the design of the device IDUT-P2; (options)

Terms of Use:

- performing breathing using the IDUT-P2 device in extreme conditions;

- performing breathing in a respiratory training environment.

Preparation of the device depends on its operating conditions. To work in extreme conditions (low temperature, painful condition of the user, etc.), the preparation of the main nodes includes the following operations.

Installing a heat transfer package.

A heat transfer bag is taken from the kit and installed in the upper part of the tank (Fig. 1, pos. 4 and 6). Then, the lower part of the container (8-1) is taken from the kit and, through the fastener (12), is fixed to the device body. Then the device using the device for mounting the device (17) is put on the face of the worker. The appliance is ready for use. Readiness is checked by inhalation and exhalation. The conditions for comfortable breathing are determined. Breathing should be comfortable. When inhaling and exhaling, a slight resistance to the inhaled and exhaled air mixture should be felt. The resistance is associated with the passage of the air mixture through the heat transfer bag and is regulated during the manufacture of the bag in accordance with the requirements for the product. Having put on the device, the user can begin to carry out the task in extreme conditions, for example, in cold weather or in a very dusty industry, or when he becomes ill or sick, or after an illness, when there is an urgent need to walk along a frosty street and other situations. When breathing through the IDUT-P2 device, the exhaled air of Fig. 3 (18) through the neck (3) is directed to the upper part of the container (4) and, passing through the heat exchange package (6), heats it to the temperature of the exhaled air and enters the lower removable part containers (8-1) and is sent to the surrounding atmosphere through perforations (13) located in the lower part of the container. When you exhale, the temperature of the exhaled air (28-36) ° C.

After exhalation, entry occurs (Fig. 4). When inhaling, the reverse movement of the air mixture occurs. At the same time, part of the air mixture, which the user exhaled, and part of the fresh air entering the container through the perforations, are sent to the lungs. Fresh air is mixed with the air mixture stored in the heat transfer bag, heated to an acceptable positive temperature and enters the lungs. In this case, in order to reduce heat loss from the heat transfer package, the upper half of the container of the inhaled and exhaled air mixture from the surface is protected by a heat insulating layer (5). At the next exhalation, the exhaled air mixture, passing through the heat transfer bag, mixes with fresh air, heats the heat transfer bag and goes into the surrounding atmosphere through the perforations in the lower part of the tank and the exhalation cycle is repeated. Moreover, according to the source (Glazurin. A. article “Primitive medicine” - M .: “Medicine”, 1987. A. Stepanov “Practical Guide to respiratory gymnastics”, Phoenix, Rostov-on-Don, 2008, p. 31) the composition of the air mixture when breathing through an additional respiratory capacity depends on the volume of the capacity and changes carbon dioxide from 5.6% with a capacity of 0.3 l to 6.7% at 2.5 l. Oxygen from 12.4% with a capacity of 0.3 l to 93% with a capacity of 2.5 l. The total perforation surface in the lower part of the container should be larger than the area of the hole in the neck (3).

The preparation of the IDUT-P2 device for training breathing for therapeutic purposes in conditions of normal breathing or in conditions of increased pressure of the exhaled air mixture is carried out in the following sequence:

- from the kit of the IDUT-P2 device, the second design variant of the lower part of the container for the exhaled and respirable mixture (8-2) is taken, the container is 2.5 l and, similarly to the first version, is attached to the body. At the same time, the heat transfer package (6) is not installed in the upper part of the tank, and if it was previously enclosed, it is removed. On the case of the lower part of the container for inhaled and exhaled air mixture (8-2) mechanically or by means of glue or in another way, the fastener assembly (21) is fixed. Then, using this unit, the breathing simulator is fixed in a place convenient for the user. After that, using the valves (9), the individual breathing conditions required for a given person are established. Using the handle 11, the valve is installed so that its openings (14) either coincide with the openings (15) located on the plane 10 in the lower part of the lower half of the tank, or partially or completely overlap them depending on the chosen training method.

If the method of breathing with excess pressure during exhalation is adopted, the minimum capacity is 0.55 l and all exercises are done using this volume, with the holes fully displaced (14 and 15). Inhale free, as they used to breathe. When inhaling, the shut-off valve (20) opens and air freely passes into the container and then into the respiratory organ. At the outlet, the valve closes the hole and the required excess pressure is created in the tank (8-2). The exhalation process is carried out in a wave-like manner by increasing the excess pressure of the air mixture from zero to a value of ~ 20 mm water column, followed by a decrease in pressure to 0. The cycle of the micro-expiration period is 2-5 seconds.

Figure 7 shows a wave-wise expiratory graph using excess pressure. The choice of the excess pressure, the time of the 1st cycle and the number of cycles is set individually according to the feeling of the user. The feeling of excessive pressure is defined as follows. The end of the breathing tube is immersed in a container of water with a depth of 1-2 cm, through the other end or through the mouthpiece the user periodically exhales. The resulting sensation of exhalation stress is tolerated when using the proposed IMUT-P2 simulator. If the exhalation effort is felt to be insignificant, several side holes (16) are sealed with tape. If the sensation of exhalation is difficult, using the handle 11, the valve 9 is installed so that the holes 14 and 15 slightly open to each other until the necessary sensation is obtained. Micro-exhalations are carried out by rhythmic tension of the diaphragms of the abdominal cavity. The time of one training session depends on the physical condition of the user and is carried out for 20 ÷ 40 minutes twice a day.

By adjusting the dosage of the alignment of the holes, the device allows you to change the excess pressure during exhalation and, depending on the individual abilities of the user, create a gentle breathing training mode, providing comfortable breathing conditions. When combining the holes, Fig. 2, free breathing is ensured by the breathing method with an intermediate tank. When performing exercises according to this method, the breathing regime should be carried out at the usual, natural, calm pace. When performing exercises, use a breathing mixture with a high content of carbon dioxide and a low oxygen content, natural, free breathing; inhale and exhale effortlessly. The main thing is to try not to breathe very deeply. This experience comes with systematic, 2 times a day for 20 ÷ 40 min training.

Exhalation cannot be quick and sharp. At the same time, try to be relaxed, think about something pleasant in a nap mode.

The implementation of breathing exercises according to this method must begin with the use of a tidal volume of 0.5 liters. In accordance with the recommendations set forth in the work: Agodzhanyana N.A., Mishustina Yu.N. “Breaking the deadlock. The errors of medicine are corrected by physiology. ” Samara, 2006, Federal State Unitary Enterprise, Samara Printing House Publishing House, 2005, and guidelines described in TU 9619-001-42529619-2001.

During training, the volume for the inhaled mixture gradually increases from 0.5 l to 2.5 l.

For this purpose, when assembling the device into the internal volume for an inhaled and exhaled container, either a fictitious container (18) is installed, or the volume of which is selected in such a way as to obtain the desired volume for the exhaled air. Practice has shown that the optimal amount of intermediate capacity after breathing on the device is 2.5 liters.

This volume according to information on the relationship of the composition of the alveolar air with the volume of the additional respiratory space ("Preventive Medicine". M: Medicine, 1987) has a carbon dioxide concentration of% 6.7, oxygen concentration of 9.3%. This composition is considered optimal, and it is recommended when operating the simulator in the proposed design.

A rigidly fixed container with a front part is not always convenient. In order to increase the convenience when using the simulator, the front part is connected to the container for the inhaled and exhaled air mixture through the intermediate breathing tube (Fig. 5, item 19).

Breathing on this device based on the experience of the author and close users provided a reliable therapeutic effect on the whole body.

The device is simple in a constructive solution, in operation it is cheap, reliable, universal and anyone can use it. The breathing technology on such a simulator allows you to expand the reserve capabilities of a person. Thanks to precise regulation, the entire 100 m ² surface of the alveoli of the lungs is operational, the content of carbon dioxide in the blood is increased by reducing its leakage, and thereby create favorable conditions for the acidification of the body and all more than 2 billion body cells.

Training experience with this version of the simulator also showed that it is possible to perform breathing exercises without the front part, and through the intermediate breathing tube (Fig. 6). With this training option, breathing must be performed through the mouth and the simulator. The nose is blocked either with a cotton swab or clothespin-clip.

The universality of the design of the individual respiratory simulator of the device (IDUT-P2) is that it allows you to:

- provide partial cleaning of the exhaled air mixture;

- provide breathing in extreme conditions;

- provide air resistance during expiration;

- to provide breathing through an additional capacity in the normal mode without feeling the resistance of the air mixture with a high content of carbon dioxide from 5.4% to 6.7% (the content in the air is 0.04%), the oxygen content is from 14.6% to 9, 3% (content in ambient air 21%).

In accordance with the recommendations on the use of breathing apparatus, as well as the practical experience of the authors, the use of the proposed simple effective device will completely exclude the possibility of hypothermia and frostbite of the respiratory tract when working in extreme conditions (work in northern latitudes, watch on towers in winter, going out in the cold with colds upper respiratory tract, tonsillitis, etc.).

As breathing exercises are performed, a gradual increase in the respiratory cycle occurs and, accordingly, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveolar space and in the blood increases, which creates the conditions for the healing of the whole organism.

Claims (3)

1. An individual respiratory universal simulator containing a front part connected through a neck-adapter with a container, the container made of detachable parts interconnected by a connection unit, a device attachment system to the user, characterized in that a heat exchanger package is installed in the inner volume single or multiple use, in the construction for breathing in extreme conditions, the upper half of the container has an insulating layer on the outside, and the front part on the surface The tee adjacent to the face also has a heat-insulating layer, the lower part of the container is perforated with a hole diameter of up to 5 mm. 2. An individual respiratory universal simulator containing a front part connected through a neck - an adapter with a container, the container made of detachable parts fastened to each other by a connection unit, the device’s attachment system to the user, characterized in that when using the device in physical therapy In training, the volume of the container for inhaling and exhaling the air mixture is taken from 0.5 to 2.5 liters, and in the lower part of the container there is a valve regulator with holes symmetrically located relative to holes on a flat surface in the lower part of the container, while up to nine holes with a diameter of up to 3 mm are made uniformly on the surface in the lower part of the container to achieve homogeneous breathing mixture, while the homogeneity in the breathing mixture is achieved due to the different level of arrangement of the holes relative to the bottom , for ease of use of the device during breathing exercises, the front part is connected to a container for inhaling and exhaling the air mixture through an intermediate breathing tube, and It is possible to breathe through the tube without the front part. 3. The method of application of an individual breathing simulator according to claim 1 or 2, including a cycle of alternating inspirations and exhalations, while the inhalation is arbitrary, shallow, and the exhalation is soft and ends at the end of the compression of the diaphragm, characterized in that the exhalation is made in the form of wave-like microexhands of 2 -5 s by increasing the excess pressure of the exhaled air mixture to a value equal to ~ 20 mm water column, followed by a decrease in pressure to 0 mm water column due to the rhythmic operation of the diaphragm, with the number of cycles and quantities About microexpressions depends on the individual ability of the user.

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