RU2471284C2 - Method to produce power - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: to produce power, a conductor is placed into an electrostatic field and then periodically screened against effect of this field. At the same time pulses of AC current are induced in the conductor by a variable flow of the electric field. The method is environmentally pure.

EFFECT: higher efficiency factor and simplified process of electrostatic field energy conversion into current energy.

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Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to the generation of electricity, and can be used for industrial generation of electricity. It can also be used in induction heating technologies.

Various methods for producing electrical energy are widely known: electrochemical, thermoelectric, magnetoelectric, piezoelectric, photoelectric, using nuclear energy, and others (see. "Great Soviet Encyclopedia", Publishing House "Soviet Encyclopedia", M., 1978, v.10, pg. 580-581). Common problems for them are the low efficiency of converting the source energy into electrical energy, as well as environmental pollution during the utilization of used natural resources. At the same time, for example, to create and maintain an electromagnetic field in generators or DC motors, for the operation of thermoelectric generators used as current sources, the consumption of significant amounts of energy is required. Current sources that convert the energy of solar radiation can effectively be used only in areas with a large number of sunny days per year. In addition, a number of sources of electricity during operation causes significant harm to the environment (hydroelectric power plants, thermal power plants).

Including a known method of generating electricity, in which to obtain in a winding penetrated by a varying magnetic flux, an electric current creates a combustion wave in the volume pumped by the combustible gas by igniting it with a discharge. In this case, the generated magnetic impulse creates an electric current impulse in the winding with the ferromagnetic element (see "Method for producing electric power", RF patent No. 2091975, IPC ⁶ H02N 11/00, Н05Н 1/24, Н01М 14/00, 1993).

The disadvantage of this method is the structural complexity, low efficiency, environmental pollution.

A known method of producing an electric current, the essence of which is that in the process of obtaining an electric current to create a flow of moving free electric charges in a carrier, it is affected by a stream of particles by a field of a space medium formed in the carrier's location zone, creating a different concentration of electric charges on different the ends, thereby providing directional movement of free electric charges in the presence of an external circuit (see. "Method for producing electric current", patent F №2132589, ⁶ IPC H02N 11/00, G21M 7/00, 1998).

The invention requires a powerful external source of cosmic radiation, has a low efficiency of converting the energy of the flow of cosmic particles into an electric current.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is a method of generating electricity using an electrostatic induction alternator (first described in an article by N. Tesla published on May 6, 1891, “Electrostatic induction devices for alternating current”, see Tesla N. Lectures and articles. - M .: “Tesia Print”, 2003. p.188-189), in which an electric current is induced in a conductor penetrated by a varying flow of an alternating electric field formed by moving over the plates of the conductor-receiver charged surfaces.

The disadvantage of this, selected as a prototype, of the method is the complexity of the formation of a changing electric field flux by moving charged surfaces. This technology of creating a field is accompanied by large losses associated with performing mechanical work on the rotation of the planes of the inductor, which is opposed by Coulomb forces, and the need to use moving current collection mechanisms to supply voltage to the inductor, which greatly complicates the generator device and reduces its efficiency. Therefore, the efficiency of this method is low. Subsequent, developing this method, similar inventions (see "Capacitive electrostatic generator", RF patent No. 2075154, IPC H02N 1/08, 1993) do not eliminate these drawbacks.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and simplify the process of converting the energy of the electrostatic field into the energy of an electric current.

The task is achieved in that in order to generate electricity, two, known since ancient times, electrical effects (reception) are used together. The first is the phenomenon of electrostatic induction, which causes polarization in dielectrics and the separation (induction) of charges in conductors. The second is a Faraday screen (cell, cylinder), which allows creating (screening) a zone free of field action in the electric field stream (see Landsberg G.S. (ed.) Elementary textbook of physics. T2. - M .: Fizmatlit, 2008 p. 24-27, 40-41, 71-74; L. Bessonov. Theoretical Foundations of Electrical Engineering. - M.: Higher School, 1967. p. 578).

In this case, electricity is obtained by electrical connection between each other through the load of the plates of the electric capacitor, which are placed perpendicular to the power lines of the electrostatic field and are periodically shielded from its influence.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that by placing the plates of an electric capacitor on different equipotential surfaces (across the flow of intensity, perpendicular to the power lines) of the electrostatic field and periodically completely shielding them from the action of this field, a variable flow (intensity) of the electric field acting on the capacitor is obtained. This flow causes induction on the plates of the capacitor of an alternating voltage, and when they are electrically connected to each other through a payload, it feeds the load of alternating current.

Note that moving the screen perpendicular to the lines of force of the electrostatic field does not in any way affect the amount of charge forming this field and does not require any work (see Landsberg G.S. (ed.) Elementary textbook of physics. T2. - M. : Fizmatlit, 2008.p. 48-58). In addition, there is no force interaction of the screen with the protected conductor (monolithic or in the form of a capacitor with plates closed through the load), since the intrinsic induced field of the conductor (capacitor) is concentrated inside its volume.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the proposed method for generating electricity is characterized by a different, simpler and more economical technology of inducing electric current, which is carried out by exposing the receiver in the form of an electric capacitor to a variable electric field flux, which is created by periodically screening the receiver from the action of the electrostatic field, without a more complex and time-consuming operation of rotation of the charged plate-inductors and the use of appropriate movable tokos ems supply voltage on them.

Thus, the present invention meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The possibility of implementing the claimed method of generating electricity will be considered on the example of the design of an electric power generator.

Power generator

The device includes an electric capacitor permeated by the flow of the electrostatic field, the plates of which are connected through an electric load and are oriented across the field flow, and a movable screen placed with the ability to periodically shield the conductor from this field. In this case, the electrostatic field can be either of natural origin or created by a special inductor, and the capacitor contains both two or more plates placed in different equipotential surfaces of this field.

Figure 1, figure 2 shows an example of the operation of an electric power generator, which is as follows.

An electrostatic field of intensity E is created by Inductor 1, consisting of two stationary parallel-mounted plates charged with a constant charge Q. The receiver 2 is a flat electric capacitor with a capacity of C, having two also stationary, spaced at a distance d, conductive planes perpendicular to the field lines of the field electrically interconnected through a load Rн. The screen 3, which is a conductive surface sufficient to completely shield the Receiver 2 from the field created by the Inductor 1, is moved perpendicular to the field lines of the field relative to the Receiver 2, then completely opening it for the field lines of the field, then completely screening their action. The second receiver shown in the drawing is installed to increase the efficiency of use of the working space of the device. It can work on its own load, or, turning on in series or in parallel with the first one, increase the output voltage or current of the device.

In the position of the fully open receiver between its plates (neglecting the plate thickness), the potential difference (voltage) formed by the field U = E * d acts under which the charges are separated on the plates and the receiver capacitance C is carried out by electrons (electronic current Iz) moving from one plate to the other, through the load Rн, it will start to charge up to the charge q = ε _o * E * S (where S is the plate area, ε _o is the electric constant) with the formation of the internal voltage U _c = q / C acting between the plates, the same value as and U, but against opposite sign. With a fully shielded capacitor, its plates will discharge under the action of voltage U _c , also through the load Rн, with the current Ip of the opposite direction. Plots of currents and voltages, compiled under the condition that the movement of the screen begins at the end of the charge (discharge) of the capacitance and the speed of overlapping by the screen of the receiver is much higher than the speed of recharging the capacitance, are presented in figure 2. They, in fact, are similar to standard processes of charge-discharge capacity.

The maximum power of the induced electric current and the minimum energy consumption for shielding will be achieved by arranging the capacitor plates and the screen perpendicular to the field lines of force and moving the screen also perpendicular to the field lines, as shown in Fig. 1. In the general case, an electrostatic field can be not only uniform, as in the considered example, but also concentric, coaxial, and any other shape. The plates of the capacitor and the screen will take the form of equipotential field surfaces in the form of plates of spherical, cylindrical and other types of capacitors. When placing the device in a dielectric with a permittivity significantly different from vacuum, the corresponding attenuation of the electric field in the dielectric should be taken into account in the calculations. In addition, in the general case, designs with a movable receiver-capacitor and a fixed screen are possible, as well as with a fixed screen, periodic transparency for the field lines of the field which is provided by periodic restoration of the electrical neutrality of the screen surfaces.

Consider examples of the possible implementation of the claimed method of generating electricity in methods and devices for other purposes, while expanding the scope of the claimed method for shielding other electric power receivers in the electrostatic field, including any ones having a volume of conductive bodies (conductors).

Fluid electric heater

The device includes a dielectric capacitance with a heated liquid and an immersed electrostatic field permeated stream of long conductor with wide end surfaces oriented across the field flow, and a movable screen placed with the ability to periodically shield the conductor from the field.

Figure 3 shows an example of the operation of the electric fluid heater, which is as follows.

The flow 1 of the electrostatic field penetrates the conductor 2, immersed in a heated liquid 3, located in a container made of a dielectric material 4. The movable screen 5 periodically shields the conductor 2 from the action of the field flow 1. Induced in this case in the conductor 2, an electric current will cause it to heat and, through heat transfer, subsequent heating of the liquid 3.

The conductor between the end surfaces can be not only depicted in the drawing as a helical form, but any extended shape, providing a large surface contact with the heated fluid.

The area of the individual parts and the specific resistance of the conductor, the electric field strength and the frequency of shielding are selected from the condition of ensuring the heating of a given volume of liquid for the required time.

Electric furnace

The device includes a container of refractory dielectric material with smelted metal ore pierced by the flow of an electrostatic field, and a movable screen placed with the ability to periodically shield the ore from the field.

Ore metal grains here are elementary conductors surrounded by oxides and impurities.

Figure 4 shows an example of the operation of an electric melting furnace, which is as follows.

As in the previous case, the electrostatic field stream 1 penetrates the smelted metal ore 2 located in the container 3 made of a refractory dielectric material. The movable screen 4 periodically shields the ore 2 from the action of the field stream 1. The electric current induced in the metallic grains of ore 2 will cause their heating and melting. The melted metal will be collected at the bottom of the tank 3.

The electric field strength and the frequency of shielding is selected from the condition of ensuring the smelting of a given volume of metal in the required time.

In contrast to the well-known electromagnetic induction method of metal smelting in electric furnaces, it does not require the creation of powerful high-frequency electromagnetic fields that are dangerous for service personnel.

The method can also be applied to electric induction polarization heating of a dielectric substance placed in an electric melting furnace instead of a conductive material.

In addition, since the value of the electric power obtained by the proposed method is proportional to the intensity of the electrostatic field used as the primary energy source, it can be used to measure the strength of static and quasistatic electric fields.

Using the proposed method for generating electricity gives, in comparison with existing methods, the following technical result:

allows you to simplify the design of machines that produce electricity;

more economical in comparison with existing methods, has a higher efficiency;

is an environmentally friendly way of generating electricity.

The prospects for industrial application of the invention do not cause difficulties, since the proposed method consists of the combined action of two, long known and widely used in electrical and radio electronics, electrostatic induction and shielding of structural elements from the action of an external field, and also does not require the use of any unknown modern industry, tools, materials or items.

Claims (1)

A method of generating electricity by producing an electric current in a conductor penetrated by a varying flow of an electric field, characterized in that said flow is created by periodically shielding the conductor from exposure to an electrostatic field.

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