RU2470395C2 - Composite material for radiation shielding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, nuclear.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to materials for protection from ionising radiations and can be used in atomic and radiochemical industry, as well as in naval and aerospace industry for protecting service personnel and the environment. The composite material for radiation shielding contains, as components, finely dispersed activated and modified haematite (filler) with particle size of up to 80 mcm and aluminium metal (matrix), with the following ratio of components, wt %: aluminium metal 61-85, finely dispersed activated and modified haematite 15-39.

EFFECT: high mechanical strength of the material and possibility for use thereof as radiation shielding material which operates at temperatures of up to 550°C and external loads of up to 710 MPa and is capable of providing biological protection from gamma-rays with energy of up to 1,2 MeV (⁶⁰Co) and absorbed dose of up to 10¹⁹ Gy.

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Description

The invention relates to materials for protection against ionizing radiation in the nuclear, radiochemical industry, navy, aerospace industry, maintenance personnel and the environment.

Known composite material containing a matrix of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium or their alloys and 20-80 vol.% Hardener made in the form of reinforcing nanowires of aluminum oxide coated with an amorphous carbon film (RF Patent No. 2374355, IPC ⁷ C22C 49/14, В82В 1/00. Composite material / V.A. Zhabrev, V. N. Gorbachev, M. E. Lisnyanski. - application No. 2008144225/02; application. 01.11.2008; published on 11.27.2009. BIPM No. 33).

The disadvantage of the composite material is its low radiation-protective characteristics with respect to high-energy gamma radiation.

The closest adopted as a prototype, in technical essence to the claimed invention is a composite material for radiation protection, including the operation of introducing finely dispersed iron-containing filler into reinforcing matrices, characterized in that metal aluminum is used as reinforcing, and mechanically activated finely dispersed iron-containing hematite concentrate is used as a filler with a particle size of up to 5 microns in the following ratio of components (wt.%): aluminum metal 20-60, hematite concentrate 40-80 (Application for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2001119709/06 (020835), IPC ⁷ G21F 1/10. Composite material for radiation protection. / OA Marakin, V. I. Pavlenko, I. I. Kiriyak, A .A. Lysenko, P.V. Matyukhin. - application No. 2001119709/06; application. 16.07.2001; publ. 02.20.2002. BIPM No. 5).

The disadvantages of the known composite material for radiation protection include its low mechanical strength, which defines the material as incapable of bearing structural loads. This is explained by the insufficient compatibility of mechanically activated finely dispersed iron-containing hematite concentrate with aluminum metal.

The aim of the invention is to increase the mechanical strength of the composite material for radiation protection.

This goal is achieved in that the composite material for radiation protection contains highly active activated-modified hematite (filler) with a particle size of up to 80 μm and metal aluminum (matrix) as components, in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Aluminum metal 61-85 Fine Activated Modified hematite 15-39

As a matrix, metallic aluminum with a density of 2700 kg / m ³ with a content of the main element A1 of at least 99.95% is used.

A highly dispersed hematite concentrate of the Yakovlevsky KMA deposit with a density of 4860 kg / m ³ fractions up to 80 microns, including fractions up to 5 microns in an amount up to 25 wt.%, Having the following chemical (table 1) and mineral composition (table .2):

Table 1 The chemical composition of the hematite iron ore concentrate of the Yakovlevsky KMA deposit (wt.%) Fe ₂ O ₃ FeO SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Cao MgO K ₂ O Na ₂ O 66.62 28.15 4.41 0.17 0.16 0.29 0.09 0.11

table 2 The mineral composition of the hematite iron ore concentrate of the Yakovlevsky KMA deposit (wt.%) Hematite Magnetite Silicates Quartz Carbonates 93.5 3.3 0.5 2.5 0.2

Activation of the filler is achieved by hydroxylating the surface of its particles using Fe ³⁺ ions of the same name with the dispersed phase adsorbed from an aqueous solution of iron chloride (FeCl ₃ · 6H ₂ 0). Modification of the activated filler is achieved by adsorption of aluminum ions on the surface of its particles from an aqueous solution of aluminum chloride (AlCl ₃ · 6H ₂ 0) due to the forces of electrostatic interaction with charged active centers of the particles and ion-dipole interaction of the hydroxyl groups of the surface of the activated filler particles with oxygen. As a result of the modification process, grafting on the surface of the particles of the activated filler leads to a micro-layer of an aluminum shell in the form of aluminum oxide. This composition provides wetting of the modified hematite with aluminum melt and its increased adhesive interaction with the filler.

Comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed composition of the composite material for radiation protection is different from the known introduction of a new component, namely, highly dispersed activated-modified hematite. Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

The quantitative content of the components of the proposed and known materials are given in table.3.

Table 3 Material Compositions Component Content, wt.% Suggested material Known material (prototype) one 2 3 four 5 Hematite fifteen fifty 70 75 80 60 Aluminum metal 85 fifty thirty 25 twenty 40

Analysis of the prototype showed that the substances introduced into the claimed solution, such as metallic aluminum and hematite concentrate, are known. A composite material based on such components does not have low mechanical strength indices that a composite material for radiation protection has on the basis of the components presented in the claimed solution (Table 4), namely: the compressive strength increases by 33.5%, by 39 , 5% increases the tensile strength in bending, the tensile strength increases by 19.5%. Thus, the claimed composition of the components gives the composite material for radiation protection new, higher indicators of mechanical strength, which allows us to conclude that the proposed solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

Table 4 Properties of composite material for radiation protection Indicator Content, wt.% Suggested material Known material (prototype) one 2 3 four 5 The limit of compressive strength, MPa 94 493 710 341 87 472 Bending strength 45 168 263 79 32 159 MPa Tensile strength 61 164 195 102 40 157 tensile MPa Linear coefficient attenuation (µ) gamma radiation, cm ^-1 : E = 0.66 MeV ( ¹³⁷ Cs) 0.17 0.25 0.37 0.44 0.51 0.35 E = 1.22 MeV ( ⁶⁰ Co) 0.10 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.16

The use of highly dispersed activated-modified hematite with a particle size of more than 80 μm leads to an increase in the porosity of the composite material for radiation protection, which leads to a significant decrease in its mechanical strength.

The inventive composite material can be used as radiation protective material, operating at temperatures up to 550 ° C and external loads up to 710 MPa, capable of providing biological protection against gamma radiation with an energy of up to 1.2 MeV ( ⁶⁰ Co) and an absorbed dose of up to 10 ¹⁹ Gr.

Claims (1)

A composite material for radiation protection, including the operation of introducing a finely dispersed iron-containing filler into the reinforcing matrices, where metal aluminum is used as the reinforcing material, characterized in that the filler material contains highly dispersed activated-modified hematite with a particle size of up to 80 μm in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
aluminum metal 61-85 fine activated-modified hematite 15-39