RU2470285C2 - Method and device to determine operability and quality of lubricant materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention may be used in oil, car, aviation, machine building industries. The substance of the invention consists in the fact that with the help of a device quality of a lubricating material is identified using several criteria: viscosity, density, capacitance, corrosion activity, availability of mechanical admixtures, air release. Using a sampler, a small amount of a lubricating material is taken from an engine tray via a filter. Using a heater, the sampler reservoir is heated to the necessary temperature, then pressure is pulled with the help of a spring, as a result the lubricating material arrives into the metering reservoir. Based on the time of lubricating material leaking from the sampler to the metering reservoir, the variation of viscosity of the operating lubricating material is determined. Based on the quantity of particles deposited on the filter, and also on the time of sampler filling via a filter on the background of time of lubricating material outflow, the extent of lubricating material contamination with mechanical admixtures is identified. Density is determined with the help of a density metre. A copper plate is used to determine a corrosion activity. The electric capacitance is determined using a special gauge. Air release is determined by sending air via a lubricating material, and measurement of time, within which the lubricating material restores initial density. Also viscosity-temperature and relative viscosity-temperature indices are determined. Based on the indices, an integral index of operability and quality of a lubricating material is determined.

EFFECT: possibility to determine quality of a lubricating material, defects in system of cooling, ignition, cleaning of air from dust, fuel equipment.

8 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention can be used in the oil, automotive, aviation, machine-building industries, where it is necessary to control the performance of lubricants (in accordance with GOST 27.002-83, the concept of reliability and availability applies to lubricants). The essence of the invention lies in the fact that using the device determines the performance and quality of the lubricant according to several criteria: viscosity, relative viscosity-temperature index, density, electrical capacity, corrosion activity, the presence of mechanical impurities, air release, indicators of a drop sample on filter paper (oil spot). Based on these indicators, an integral indicator of the quality of the lubricant is calculated. In addition, it is possible to determine the flash point, alkaline number and other indicators of the selected sample using additional instruments and reagents.

Using a cylindrical container - a sampler with a piston, a small (50 ml) amount of lubricant is taken from the engine crankcase through a filter with a magnet, then the sampler is connected to the measuring unit. Using a heater, the sample tank is heated to the desired temperature.

A pressure is generated in the sampler by means of a spring, as a result of which a lubricant enters the measuring container through a tube with a diameter of 1.5-2.5 mm.

The time of the outflow of lubricant from the sampler into the measuring tank, depending on the diameter of the tube and the temperature of the sample, determine the change in viscosity of the working lubricant due to the ingress of water, coolant, products of incomplete combustion of fuel and other impurities.

By the number of particles deposited on the filter and magnet, one can judge the degree of contamination of the lubricant with mechanical impurities.

In the measuring unit, the density, viscosity, electric capacity, corrosion activity, lubricant air release, and the relative viscosity-temperature index are determined.

The technical result of the invention is the ability to determine the health and quality of the lubricant by rejection indicators, as well as defects in cooling systems, ignition, cleaning of air coming into the mix with fuel from dust, fuel equipment.

The invention relates to measuring equipment.

Close in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed one is a method for determining viscosity using a capillary viscometer by fixing the level of the medium with a steady steady-state flow rate, which additionally fix the height of the column of the medium corresponding to the beginning of its drip outflow (AS USSR No. 1176213, G01N 11/08, 08/30/1985).

The disadvantage of an analogue is limited functionality.

Close in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed is also a device for determining viscosity, containing a hollow chamber for the test fluid and a capillary located in its lower part, an expiration meter, a dosing device [USSR copyright certificate No. 600419, G01N 11/08, 1978 ].

Also close in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed is a method and device for determining the degree of dilution of motor oils with fuel, engine wear [RF patent No. 2334212, G01N 11/06, G01N 3/56, 09/20/2008]. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that they create a vacuum with a syringe, create a laminar flow of oil that enters the magnet in the form of droplets detached from the nozzle. By the time of filling the tank, depending on the diameter of the tube and nozzle, oil temperature, the degree of dilution of the working oil with fuel is determined, by the presence of wear products (metal particles on the magnet), the fact of engine wear is recorded, and the content of wear products is determined by the weight of the wear products. The disadvantages of the analogue are that:

- It defines only two indicators that do not fully determine the performance of the oil.

- The design of the device, containing a drain tube, a syringe, a thermocouple in a heat-resistant tube and a nozzle, does not allow you to create the necessary vacuum and reduces the accuracy of determining the viscosity index (time of oil outflow).

- To determine the degree of wear, it is necessary to disassemble the device, remove the magnet, rinse and weigh the magnet with metal wear products.

- The oil passing through the drain pipe is cooled and the role of the installed thermostat is reduced, because a thermocouple captures the temperature of the oil in the tube.

“In addition to this, the thermocouple, which is two wires, gets dirty during operation, the inner diameter of the tube narrows and the accuracy of measuring the time it takes to fill the tank decreases.

- The design of the device is bulky and fragile.

The prototype in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is a method and device for determining the performance and quality of lubricants (RF Patent No. 2392607, G01N 11/02, 06/20/2010). The essence of the invention lies in the fact that with the help of a diagnostic device, the performance of a lubricant is determined by a generalized indicator obtained on the basis of viscosity, density, electric capacity, corrosion activity (using a copper tube), the content of wear particles (using a magnet).

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- Low accuracy of measurement of some indicators.

- The magnet picks up only iron solids.

The objective of the claimed invention is to determine the health and quality of the lubricant and defects in cooling systems, purification of air supplied to the mixture from dust, fuel equipment, friction units of the internal combustion engine (ICE) and gearboxes (by the presence of fuel, coolant, products in the oil wear, corrosion) according to the rejection indicators of the lubricant:

- viscosity;

- density;

- electric capacity;

- the presence of mechanical particles;

- corrosive activity;

- air release;

- drip test on special paper (oil stain);

- viscosity-temperature and relative viscosity-temperature indicators.

The technical result from the use of the invention is associated with an express assessment of the working capacity and quality of the lubricant in the friction unit (in the internal combustion engine, transmission, gearbox, machine tool, etc.) according to the rejection parameters of the lubricant and the ability to identify defects in cooling systems and dust from air , ignition, in fuel equipment and crankcase ventilation. Using the invention, it is possible to organize continuous diagnosis of a fleet of vehicles.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the method for determining the performance and quality of lubricants, in contrast to the prototype, a vacuum is created without using a spring: the rod extends to the maximum value and is fixed by a removable stopper, the lubricant through the filter begins to flow into the sampler. In this case, the magnetized wear products are attracted to the surface of the magnet, and non-magnetized wear products and other mechanical impurities are retained on the filter surface with mesh sizes of 5-15 microns, then washed with a solvent, dried and weighed, visually using magnifying glass to determine the shapes and sizes of wear products . The sampler is filled with lubricant, the tube with the filter and magnet is disconnected, and it is placed in the measuring unit, where the lubricant is heated to the required temperature and squeezed out of the sampler tank using a spring into the measuring tank. By the time the lubricant expires into the measuring unit, its viscosity is evaluated. The color change of the copper plate, on which a small amount of oil is applied for 2-3 hours, determines the corrosion activity of the lubricant. Using a densitometer, density is measured to further clarify the presence and amount of impurities in the lubricant.

The viscosity-temperature index determines the nature of the change in viscosity with temperature. The higher the viscosity-temperature index, the slower the viscosity changes with temperature. The viscosity-temperature index is as follows: the time of filling the device with oil is measured at the boundary temperatures of the selected range (for example, 20 and 40 ° C) and the ratio is calculated

BT = Tv / Tn,

where Tv is the time of the outflow of lubricant into the measuring tank at the temperature of the upper boundary of the selected temperature range

Tn is the time of the outflow of the lubricant into the measuring tank at the temperature of the lower boundary of the selected temperature range.

In practice, there are cases when a working lubricant containing fuel (which significantly reduces viscosity) does not change viscosity and density. This was due to oxidation of the oil, decomposition of additives, ingress of dust, soot and other contaminants. However, the flash point dropped significantly, which is a signal of the presence of fuel in the lubricant. Since the fuel has a much higher viscosity index, a change in the viscosity-temperature index may indicate the presence of fuel in the lubricant, as well as an increased fire and explosion hazard.

The relative viscosity-temperature index shows the deviation of the viscosity-temperature index of the oil from the norm. To determine it, the viscosity-temperature indicator of the diagnosed oil is found and compared with the same indicator for fresh oil.

OVT = 1- (| VTh-VTd |) * k,

where VTh is the viscosity-temperature index of pure oil,

VTD is the viscosity-temperature indicator of the diagnosed oil,

k is the rejection coefficient.

Table 1 shows the experiments with I-40 oil and the calculation of some indicators of oil.

Figure 3 shows a graph of the temperature of the flash on the viscosity of the oil I-40. Experiments show that with an increase in the fuel content, a fire and explosion hazard increases, because flash point decreases.

Table 1 I-40 oil Fuel content,% Viscosity, cSt, at 40 ° C Measuring tank filling time, s Flash point, ° С Viscosity-Temperature Index at 23 ° C at 40 ° C 0 53.61 145 67 227 0.46 2 48.48 124 62 204 0.50 four 35.44 90 47 157 0.52 8 25.68 56 32 43 0.57

Table 2 summarizes the experiments with Nissan 5W40 oil and the calculation of some oil indicators. Figure 4 shows a graph of the dependence of the flash temperature on the viscosity of the oil Nissan 5W40.

table 2 Nissan 5W40 Oil Fuel content,% Viscosity, cSt, at 40 ° C Measuring tank filling time, s Flash point, ° С Viscosity-Temperature Index at 23 ° C at 40 ° C 0 68.01 145 74 211 0.51 2 56.06 115 61 185 0.53 four 47.29 103 57 142 0.55 8 38 79 45 45 0.57

An experiment was also conducted with a working Nissan 5W40 oil, the performance of which (viscosity and density) at 20 ° C did not differ from the normal performance of fresh oil. The filling time of the device was 140 seconds. The density was 0.86 g / cm ³ . A test for flash point was carried out, it showed 138 ° C, and this indicated an increased fire and explosion hazard. The viscosity-temperature index was also calculated; it amounted to 0.54. For fresh oil, it is 0.51. It increased due to the fact that fuel with a high viscosity index got into the oil. It follows from this that on the basis of the viscosity-temperature index, as well as the relative viscosity-temperature index, the error of incorrect determination of the working capacity and quality of the oil can be eliminated, as well as the conclusion about fire and explosion hazard and the presence of fuel in the lubricant.

The device further comprises an electric capacitance sensor located in the measuring unit. By changing the electrical capacity, the presence of water or fuel in the lubricant is judged.

The device also allows you to determine the air emission. To do this, air is passed through the measuring container with a compressor with a capacity of 1 l / min for 10 minutes.

After the analysis, the selected sample of the lubricant is returned to the engine crankcase, or it is drained and transferred for analysis on laboratory equipment with other indicators (determination of the alkaline number, flash point in an open crucible, etc.).

The capacity of the measuring unit is cleaned with a piston.

A sampler with a heat-resistant tube also acts as an oil dipstick with a graduation between the lower and upper levels, which allows you to record a decrease or increase in the oil level in the crankcase (friction unit) during operation, which, in combination with the viscosity and density of the working oil, more fully characterizes the condition working oil.

In engine oil, located in the oil system of an internal combustion engine or gearbox, continuous quantitative and qualitative changes occur, which, using the applied method and device, can be detected and taken in a timely manner, and thus extend the life of the machine.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing (figure 1), which shows a diagram of the proposed device.

The device operates as follows.

The device consists of a measuring unit 6, where most of the analyzes of the lubricant and cylindrical container — a sampler 20 with a rod 1 and a tube with a diameter of 2-3 mm — are carried out to select lubricant from the crankcase.

Using a cylindrical container - a sampler with a piston from the engine crankcase (a machine with a lubrication system, etc.), a small (50 ml) quantity of lubricant is taken through a tube 13 with a filter 14 and a magnet 18, then the sampler is placed in a heating device or under a heating lamp 12 and is fixed in the clamp 2 of the measuring unit. Since a relative viscosity-temperature index is determined, at first the experiment is carried out at the temperature of the lower boundary of the selected temperature range (for example, 20 ... 40 ° C).

The tube 13 with the filter 14 and the magnet 18 is changed to a tube 3 with a diameter of 1.5-2.0 mm, connected to a transparent measuring tank 7 installed in the clamps 8. The extension tube 21 is included in the measuring tank 7, thereby increasing the useful volume of the tank. When you press the button 4 in the sampler using a spring 5, pressure is created, as a result of which through the tube into the measuring container 7 comes the lubricant.

By the time of the flow of lubricant from the sampler tank 20 with the rod 1 into the measuring tank 7, depending on the diameter of the tube, spring force and temperature, the viscosity change of the working lubricant due to the ingress of water, coolant, products of incomplete combustion of fuel, degradation products of the thickening additive is determined and other impurities.

When determining the relative viscosity-temperature index, the measuring capacitance 7 is disconnected from the measuring unit and interchanged with the sampling tank 20 (rod 1 and tube 3 are previously disconnected). In this case, the rod 1 is connected and works with a new tank. In this case, the amount of lubricant is fixed. Next, they reanalyze at the temperature of the upper boundary of the selected temperature range. By using a heating device or lamp 12, the lubricant warms up to the temperature required for analysis. If the fixed amount of lubricant was different from 50 ml, then the resulting expiration time is linearly extrapolated (increased) taking into account the standard value of 50 ml.

By the number of wear particles on the magnet 18 and the mechanical impurities deposited on the filter 14, the degree of contamination of the lubricant with mechanical impurities is judged.

The air release from the oil is determined. Air release allows you to evaluate the ability of the oil to release air. This indicator has a significant impact on the durability of lubricated friction pairs (the presence of air in the oil increases wear). If the air release time is large, it means that the air will linger longer in the lubricant, thereby creating a risk of disruption of the continuity of the oil film, which ultimately leads to wear.

The procedure for determining air release:

1) The density of the oil is measured at room temperature (using a density meter).

2) Air is blown through the oil in the measuring tank for 10 minutes using a compressor with a capacity of 1 l / min. The cap 19 is removed and the compressor is connected.

3) Re-measured oil density.

4) The oil density is periodically measured, the time during which the density returns to its original state is determined - this time is an indicator of air release.

An oil analysis is also carried out using the drip test method. To do this, drip oil on a special paper 16 (figure 2). A pipette of oil 15 is applied to the paper 16. The appearance of the oil stain can reveal the composition of the lubricant. On paper, the diameters of the three zones of the droplet are measured, their color and pattern are determined, the oil spreading uniformity, and the four components of the oil stain are considered (FIG. 2):

A is the core or center of the drop, corresponding to the primary zone of the drop before it spreads over the paper; all heavy insoluble solids settle here;

B - the marginal zone (dark black ring) bordering the core with poorly soluble organic impurities in oil; the ring is absent both with pure oil and with very dirty oil, and the core has a uniform color;

B - diffusion zone - a wide gray ring behind the core - through the edge zone of the oil with light dissolved organic impurities;

G - a ring of pure oil - the outermost light ring, is present if the loss of detergent-dispersant additives begins to appear in the oil.

Pure oil gives a large bright spot that disappears after a few days. Zone G also disappears after a few hours. If elements B and D have an intermittent shape, then the oil is saturated with water, and if the zone is persistent yellowish or light brown, then the oil is saturated with water, and the persistent yellowish or light brown color of the diffusion zone indicates significant oxidation of the oil due to accidental overheating engine.

The lighter and more uniform the color of the core and diffusion zone, the more efficient the oil. With the loss of additives, the diffusion zone decreases, the outer light ring expands. The appearance of the outer ring of pure oil means the moment when the washing-dispersing properties of the oil begin to be exhausted. For highly alkaline oils, this is optional. Approximately the performance of low-alkaline and medium-alkaline oils can be determined by the following indicators:

a) Kmp = d1 / d2,

where d1 is the diameter of the core zone, d2 is the diameter of zone B.

If KMP> 0.75 - excessive presence of mechanical impurities.

b) Kmd = d3 / d2,

where d3 is the diameter of zone B.

If Kmd> 1,3, then the washing-dispersing ability of oil was excessively weakened.

The absence of a B-spot zone is observed, as a rule, due to the presence of water in the oil, a thick black ointment-like core with metal spangles, a brown or yellow ring indicate a defective condition of the oil and it is subject to urgent replacement.

Similarly, pipette 15 applies oil to a copper plate 10 located on the measuring unit 6. By changing the color of the copper plate 10 (after 2-3 hours), comparing with the standards in accordance with GOST 6321-92, it is possible to determine the corrosion activity. Thus, the corrosion activity is determined by the drip method.

Also on the measuring unit is a device for measuring the electrical capacity of the lubricant. A capacitor with plates 9 is connected to it, which is placed in the lubricant in the measuring tank 7.

The results of the measurement of the time of expiration of the lubricant and electric capacity are displayed on screen 11. The device can also be equipped with a computer for calculating the indicators.

The obtained indicators:

- viscosity;

- density;

- electric capacity;

- the presence of mechanical particles;

- corrosive activity;

- drip test (oil stain);

- air release;

- relative viscosity-temperature index,

characterize the quality of the lubricant and the presence of impurities, allow you to identify the processes taking place in the object of diagnosis. Reasons affecting the performance of the lubricant:

I. Viscosity decreases:

- when fuel and products of incomplete combustion enter it;

- during the destruction of a viscous additive;

- when adding oil with low viscosity;

Viscosity increases:

- during oil oxidation;

- with oil pollution (deposits, soot);

- when oil burns out (engine overheating);

- when adding oil with high viscosity;

- when coolant (water) gets in;

II. Density decreases:

- when fuel and products of incomplete combustion enter it;

- when adding oil with a low density;

- during the destruction of high molecular weight hydrocarbons;

Density increases:

- when oil is contaminated with sediment products, soot, dust;

- when adding oil with high density;

- when coolant (water) gets in;

III. Mechanical impurities appear:

- when running the friction unit;

- when using low-quality oil;

- in case of corrosion;

- when fuel and products of incomplete combustion enter it;

- when coolant (water) gets in;

- when soot gets into the oil;

- when dust enters through the air purification system from dust;

IV. Corrosion on copper occurs:

- when water enters the oil;

- when using sulfur dioxide fuel in ICE;

- during the decomposition of anti-corrosion additives;

V. Electrical capacitance rises:

- when coolant (water) gets in;

- slightly when ingestion of products of incomplete combustion of fuel;

VI. Drip sample indicators vary:

- when coolant (water) gets in;

- when fuel and products of incomplete combustion enter it;

- in case of mechanical impurities;

- when operating oil in an overheated engine;

- when changing the washing-dispersing ability of the oil;

VII. The air release rate varies:

- when density changes;

- when changing viscosity;

- if there is water, coolant, products of incomplete combustion of fuel in the lubricant, etc .;

- during oxidation of the lubricant;

Viii. The relative viscosity-temperature index changes:

- when coolant (water) gets in;

- when fuel and products of incomplete combustion enter it;

- when changing the composition of the lubricant;

- during oxidation of the lubricant.

Enumeration of figures. Figure 1 shows a device for rapid diagnosis of lubricant. Figure 2 shows a drip sample. Figure 3 shows a graph of the dependence of flash temperature on viscosity for oil I-40. Figure 4 shows a plot of flash point versus viscosity for Nissan 5W40 oil. Figure 5 shows a graph of the dependence of the flash temperature on the viscosity-temperature index for the I-40 oil. Figure 6 shows a graph of the dependence of the flash temperature on the viscosity-temperature index for oil Nissan 5W40.

In order to determine the performance of the lubricant based on the obtained indicators, an integral indicator is introduced.

Calculation of the integral indicator

1. Viscosity Index

B = 1- (| t1-t2 | / t2) * k1,

where t1 is the expiration time of the tested lubricant in the measuring tank;

t2 is the expiration time of fresh lubricant into the measuring tank;

k1 = 4 - correction factor for viscosity 1 (rejection indication - deviation of more than 25%);

2. Density

P = 1- (| P1-P2 | / P2) * k3,

where P1 is the density of the checked lubricant;

P2 - the density of fresh lubricant;

k3 = 188.68 - correction factor for density (rejection indication - deviation of more than 0.53%);

3. Electric capacity

E = 1- (| E1-E2 | / E2) * k4,

where E1 is the electric capacity of the tested lubricant;

E2 - electric capacity of fresh lubricant;

k4 = 1.67 - correction factor for electric capacity (rejection indication - deviation of more than 60%);

4. Corrosion on copper by a drop method

Darkening of the plate - visual inspection of the samples, 2 s, 3 s, 4 s. (GOST 6321-92).

Table 3 Degree of corrosion Coefficient k5 Degree of corrosion Coefficient k5 1a 0 3a one 1b 0.11 3b one 1s 0.22 3s one 2a 0.43 4a one 2b 0.84 4b one 2s one 4c one

K = 1-k5,

where k5 is the correction factor for corrosion activity according to table 1.

5. Mechanical impurities on a magnet

M = 1 - ((m1-m2) / m3) * k6,

where m1 is the mass of the magnet with wear products;

m2 is the mass of a pure magnet;

m3 is the mass of the selected oil sample (42 g);

k6 = 56000 - correction factor for mechanical impurities (reject 0.00179% by weight);

Mechanical impurities

Ф = 1- (m1-m2 + m4-m5) / m3) * k7,

where m4 is the mass of the filter after filtration of the tested lubricant;

m5 is the mass of the clean filter;

m3 is the mass of the selected oil sample (42 g);

k7 (mass reject 2%) = 50 - correction factor for mechanical impurities.

6. Drip sample

Total = ((1- | Kmd-1.15 | /0.15) + (1- | Kmp-0.5 | /0.25)) / 2.0;

Where

a) Kmp = d1 / d2,

where d1 is the diameter of the core zone, d2 is the diameter of zone B.

If KMP> 0.75 - excessive presence of mechanical impurities.

b) Kmd = d3 / d2,

where d3 is the diameter of zone B.

If Kmd> 1,3, then the washing-dispersing ability of oil was excessively weakened.

7. Air release

BX = 1 - ((| BX1-BX2 |) / BX1) * k8,

where BX1 is the air release time of fresh (pure oil),

ВХ2 - air release time for the tested oil,

k8 = 10 - correction factor for air release (rejection indication - deviation of more than 10%).

8. Relative viscosity-temperature index

TV = 1- (| TV / Tn-Lv / Ln |) * k9),

where Tv is the time of the outflow of fresh lubricant into the measuring tank at the temperature of the upper boundary of the selected temperature range,

Tn is the time of the outflow of fresh lubricant into the measuring tank at a temperature of the lower boundary of the selected temperature range,

LV - the time of expiration of the tested lubricant in the measuring tank at a temperature of the upper boundary of the selected temperature range,

Ln is the time of expiration of the tested lubricant in the measuring tank the temperature of the lower boundary of the selected temperature range,

k9 = 10 - correction factor for the viscosity-temperature index (rejection indication | TV / Tn-Lv / Ln |> 0.1).

If at least one indicator is outside the norm, then we consider the oil to be unsuitable, otherwise we consider the integral indicator of the oil, which characterizes the performance of the oil

PI = (B + P + E + K + M + F + Total + BX + TV) / 9;

the closer the integral indicator to zero, the worse the quality of the oil.

Consider specific cases.

Example 1. Synthetic motor oil SAE 5W40 (fresh) viscosity at 100 ° C 13 cSt diluted 1, 2, 3% of the product of incomplete combustion - gasoline AI-95 (having a boiling point of 90 ° C and a boiling end of 210 ° C) and, using the proposed method and device, determine the expiration time in the measuring tank at a temperature of 40 ° C. The results of measuring the filling time of oil samples with products of incomplete combustion are placed in table 4. The density of fresh oil is 842 kg / m ³ .

Table 4 The content of products of incomplete combustion of AI-95 gasoline in SAE 5W40 engine oil, (wt.%) Expiration time, sec Electric capacitance, pF 0 68,2 40 one 64.8 42 2 63 44.5 3 59.6 45.5

We took SAE 5W40 synthetic engine oil from the crankcase of an AI-95 gasoline-powered car. Using the proposed method and device, we determine the time of the outflow of oil into the measuring tank at a temperature of 40 ° C. It amounted to 63.1 sec, which corresponds, according to table 4, 2% of products of incomplete combustion of AI-95 gasoline. Fuel entering the oil indicates a malfunction of the fuel system or ignition system. The presence of products of incomplete combustion in the oil is also confirmed by a change in density (838 kg / m ³ instead of 842 kg / m ³ ). 1 particle detected on the filter. The copper plate has not darkened - there is no corrosion on copper. The electrical capacitance was 45 pF. The air release time was 69 seconds, which is 2 seconds less than that of fresh engine oil.

Drip test. An outer ring of pure oil appeared, Kmd = 1.2, which indicates a deterioration in the washing-dispersing properties of the lubricant. Kmp = 0.5.

Relative viscosity-temperature index. We determined the expiration time of the working oil at 20 ° C and 40 ° C. It amounted to 131.248 seconds and 63.1 seconds, respectively. The indicators of fresh oil should be 152.7 seconds and 68.2 seconds, respectively. We take these data into account when calculating the indicator.

Calculation of the integral indicator

B = 1- (| t1-t2 | / t2) * k1 = 1 - ((| 63.1-68.2 |) / 68.2) * 4 = 0.7;

P = 1- (| P1-P2 | / P2) * k3 = 1 - ((| 838-842 |) / 842) * 188.68 = 0.1;

E = 1- (| e1-e2 | / e2) * k4 = 1 - ((| 45-40 |) / 40) * 1.67 = 0.79;

K = 1-k5 = 1-0 = 1;

M = 1 - ((m1-m2) / m3) * k6 = 1 - ((| 5.00015-5 |) / 42) * 56000 = 0.8;

Ф = 1 - ((m1-m2 + m4-m5) / m3) * k7 = 1 - ((5.00015-5 + 20.021-20) / 42) * 50 = 0.97;

Total = ((1- | Kmd-1.15 | / 0.15) + (1- | Kmp-0.5 | / 0.25)) / 2.0 = ((1- | 1.2-1 , 15 | / 0.15) + (1- | 0.5-0.5 | / 0.25)) / 2.0 = (0.67 + 1) / 2 = 0.83;

BX = 1 - ((| BX1-BX2 |) / BX1) * k8 = 1 - ((| 71-69 |) / 71) * 10 = 0.72;

TB = 1- (| TV / Tn-Lv / Ln |) * k9, = 1- (68.2 / 152.7-63.1 / 131.248) * 10 = 0.66;

PI = (B + B2 + P + E + K + M + F + Total + BX + TV) / 9 = (0.7 + 0.1 + 0.79 + 1 + 0.8 + 0.97 + 0 , 83 + 0.72 + 0.66) / 9 = 0.73.

Example 2. Fresh mineral oil 5W40 viscosity at 100 ° C 10.76 cSt diluted with 4 and 6% diesel fuel (summer) and, using the proposed method and device, determine the time of receipt of diesel oil in a cylindrical container at a temperature of 40 ° C. The experimental results are shown in table 5.

Table 5 The content of diesel fuel (summer) in oil 5W40, (wt.%) Capacity filling time, sec Electric capacitance, pF 0 68,2 40 2 64 43 four 63.3 44.7 6 59.6 45.6

SAE 5W40 oil from the crankcase of a diesel engine (summer). Using the proposed method and device determine the time of receipt of oil in the tank at a temperature of 40 ° C, which amounted to 63.5 seconds. According to table 5, in the working fuel oil about 4%. 6 soot particles were found on the filter, which indicates an improper mode of fuel combustion. The oil density at 20 ° C increased - 852 kg / m ³ . Corrosion on a copper plate indicates the ingress of coolant from the cooling system (due to leakage, cracks in the cooling jacket). The electrical capacitance was 44.5. Air release 73 sec (fresh oil 71 sec). Drip test. KMP = 0.84, which indicates the excessive presence of mechanical impurities in the oil. Since one of the indicators of oil is beyond the permissible limits (fuel content of about 4%), the integral indicator does not make sense to calculate.

Literature

1. Patent for invention No. 2392607 (G01N 11/02, 06/20/2010) "Method and device for determining the performance of lubricants." Authors: Nigmatullin R.G. and etc.

2. Patent for invention No. 2334212 (G01N 11/06, G01N 3/56, 09/20/2008) "Method and device for determining the degree of dilution of motor oils with fuel and engine wear." Authors: Nigmatullin R.G. and etc.

3. Patents of the Russian Federation: (RF patent No. 2167407, G01N 3/56, 2001.05.20), (USSR AS No. 1176213, G01N 11/08, 08/30/1985), [USSR copyright certificate No. 579564, G01N 11 / 10.1977.], [USSR author's certificate No. 600419, G01N 11/08, 1978].

Claims (8)

1. A method for determining the working capacity and quality of a lubricant, which includes determining indicators: viscosity, density, presence of wear products, electrical capacity, corrosion activity using a copper plate, drip test parameters, characterized in that at a given temperature, a viscosity index is determined over time the outflow from the sampler through the hole with a diameter of 1.5-2 mm into the measuring tank under pressure created by the spring on the piston, as well as the relative viscosity-temperature indicator and air release. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetizable wear products are separated by a removable magnet, and non-magnetizable mechanical impurities by a filter located at the inlet of the sampler. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sampler is an integral part (working body) of the measuring unit. 4. A method for determining the working capacity and quality of a lubricant, characterized in that it determines the viscosity-temperature and relative viscosity-temperature indicators characterizing the degree of dilution of the lubricant with fuel, as well as the degree of fire and explosion hazard by measuring the expiration time from the sample tank in the range [0 ... 100 ] ° С of the studied lubricant and comparison with similar indicators for fresh oil, while the accuracy of the relative viscosity-temperature index depends from the selected temperature range;
viscosity-temperature index determines the nature of the change in viscosity with temperature:
BT = Tv / Tn,
where Tv is the time of the outflow of the lubricant into the measuring tank at the temperature of the upper boundary of the selected temperature range,
Tn - the time of the outflow of the lubricant into the measuring tank at a temperature of the lower boundary of the selected temperature range;
relative viscosity-temperature index shows the deviation of the viscosity-temperature index of oil from the norm (fresh oil):
OVT = 1- (| VTh-VTd |) · k,
where VTh is the viscosity-temperature index of pure oil,
VTD is the viscosity-temperature indicator of the diagnosed oil,
k is the rejection coefficient. 5. A method for determining the working capacity and quality of a lubricant, characterized in that the air release is determined by measuring the oil density at a given temperature using a densitometer placed in a measuring tank, then through the oil for 10 minutes using a compressor with a capacity of 1 l / min connected to measuring capacity, purge the air, then periodically measure the density of the oil with a densitometer, determine the time during which the density returns to its original state - air time Highlight. 6. A method for determining the working capacity and quality of a lubricant by calculating an integral (generalized) indicator, characterized in that the integral indicator (IP) of a lubricant quality is determined based on indicators: viscosity, density, electric capacity, presence of mechanical particles, corrosion activity, drop sample (oil stain), air release, relative viscosity-temperature index;
PI = (B + P + E + K + M + F + Total + BX + TV) / 9;
where In is a measure of viscosity;
B = 1- (| t1-t2 | / t2) · k1,
where t1 is the expiration time of the tested lubricant in the measuring tank;
t2 is the expiration time of fresh lubricant into the measuring tank;
k1 = 4 - correction factor for viscosity 1 (rejection indication - deviation of more than 25%);
P - density indicator:
П = 1- (| П1-П2 | / П2) · к3,
where P1 is the density of the checked lubricant;
P2 - the density of the fresh checked lubricant;
k3 = 188.68 - correction factor for density (rejection indication - deviation of more than 0.53%);
E - capacity indicator:
E = 1- (| E1-E2 | / e2) · k4,
where E1 is the electric capacity of the tested lubricant;
E2 - electric capacity of freshly tested lubricant;
k4 = 1.67 - correction factor for electric capacity (rejection indication - deviation of more than 60%);
K is an indicator of corrosion activity;
K = 1-k5,
where k5 is the correction factor for corrosion activity on a scale (for 1a k5 = 0, for 1b k5 = 0.11, for 1s k5 = 0.22, for 2a k5 = 0.43, for 2b k5 = 0.88, for 1s and above k5 = 1);
M is an indicator of mechanical impurities on a magnet;
M = 1 - ((m1-m2) / m3) k6,
where m1 is the mass of the magnet with wear products;
m2 is the mass of a pure magnet;
m3 is the mass of the selected oil sample (42 g);
k6 = 56000 - correction factor for mechanical impurities, (reject 0.00179% by weight);
F - indicator of mechanical impurities on the filter;
Ф = 1- (m1-m2 + m4-m5) / m3)
where m4 is the mass of the filter after filtration of the tested lubricant;
m5 is the mass of the clean filter;
m3 is the mass of the selected oil sample (42 g);
k7 = 50 - correction factor for solids, (by weight 2% reject);
Kotch - an indicator of a drop test:
Total = ((1- | Kmd-1.15 | /0.15) + (1- | Kmp-0.5 | /0.25)) / 2.0,
where Kmp = d1 / d2;
where d1 is the diameter of the core zone;
d2 is the diameter of zone B;
Kmd = d3 / d2,
where d3 is the diameter of zone B;
BX - air release indicator:
BX = 1 - ((| BX1-BX2 |) / BX1) · k8,
where BX1 is the air release time of fresh (pure oil);
ВХ2 - air release time for the tested oil;
k8 = 10 - correction factor for air emission (rejection indication - deviation of more than 10%);
TV - relative viscosity-temperature indicator:
TV = 1- (| TV / Tn-Lv / Ln |) · k9),
where Tv is the expiration time of fresh lubricant into the measuring tank at the temperature of the upper boundary of the selected temperature range;
Tn is the time of the outflow of fresh lubricant into the measuring tank at the temperature of the lower boundary of the selected temperature range;
Lv - the time of expiration of the tested lubricant in the measuring tank at the temperature of the upper boundary of the selected temperature range;
Ln is the expiration time of the tested lubricant into the measuring tank at the temperature of the lower boundary of the selected temperature range;
k9 = 10 - correction factor for viscosity-temperature index (rejection indication | TV / Tn-Lv / Ln | more than 0.1);
if at least one of the indicators (B, P, E, K, M, F, General, BX, TV) is outside the norm (less than zero), then the integral indicator (PI) is not calculated. 7. A device for determining the working capacity and quality of a lubricant, characterized in that it contains a sampler consisting of a container with a rod, a filter, a tube, as well as a measuring unit, which consists of a measuring tank, a spring, flow time meters and an electric tank, density meter, temperature meter, panels with a copper plate. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that it contains a computer that allows you to automate some operations.

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