RU2468452C1 - Operating method of nuclear reactor with organic heat carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: operating method of nuclear reactor with organic heat carrier provides for arrangement of pumping process of organic heat carrier through active zone in the first circuit, rise of reactor to power and operation with power so that energy generated with heat carrier of the first circuit is removed. Organic heat carrier is supplied to the first circuit from pipeline of oil product transport system with content of heavy fractions of up to 10%, and after active zone of reactor the heated heat carrier is returned to the same pipeline.

EFFECT: heat supply is provided.

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Description

The invention relates to nuclear energy in the field of heat supply and can be used to create nuclear power plants of low power for servicing pipeline transportation systems of petroleum products.

The use of hydrogen-containing organic fluids as a coolant in nuclear thermal neutron reactors is based on the fact that these fluids have several advantages compared to other types of coolants. In particular:

- low activation of the coolant allows you to serve the primary circuit even during reactor operation;

- the high boiling point of the organic coolant at atmospheric pressure avoids its boiling in case of an accidental loss of pressure in the primary circuit;

- low working pressure in the primary circuit significantly reduces the likelihood of rupture of equipment and pipelines;

- Corrosive passivity of the coolant to structural materials makes it possible to use cheap aluminum alloys and carbon steels as the latter, use serial oil equipment and valves as part of the primary circuit without special requirements;

- the comparative ease of maintenance, repair and control of the reactor allows you to automate the installation as much as possible, reduce the requirements for the qualifications of staff and limit its number.

Together, this provides unique opportunities for ensuring nuclear and radiation safety, ease of operation and lower capital costs for construction, which is especially attractive when used in remote areas.

A known method of operating a nuclear reactor with an organic coolant installation ATU-15 × 2 [Tokarev Yu.I., Tsykanov VA, Ryumin VP and others. ATU-15 × 2 - nuclear heat supply station for remote areas. // Questions of atomic science and technology. Ser. Physics and technology of nuclear reactors. 1978. Issue. 1/21, part 1, 112-116], which provides for the cooling of the active zone due to the circulation of organic coolant (ditolylmethane) in a closed loop.

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that under the influence of ionizing radiation and temperature, the coolant molecules decay, forming light, medium and heavy fractions. The latter, interacting with each other, form superheavy molecules, which are deposited on heat transfer surfaces in the form of deposits (fowling effect), which leads to poor cooling of the fuel rods and the inability to continue operating the reactor without cleaning or replacing the fuel.

A known method of operating a nuclear reactor with an organic coolant installation ARBUS (Arctic block installation) [Aleksenko Yu.N., Gavrilin AI, Gataullin NG et al. Operating experience of the ARBUS reactor installation. // Sat doc. seminar “Prospects for the use of nuclear reactors for heat supply to cities and industrial enterprises”. Dimitrovgrad, NIIAR, 1978, pp.24-44], which provides for the organization of pumping organic coolant (hydrostabilized gas oil, hydroterfinyl or ditolylmethane) through the primary zone along the primary circuit, bringing the reactor to power and operating at the capacity with the removal of the generated energy by the primary coolant. The disadvantage of this method is the limited duration of continuous operation of the reactor (up to 100 days) due to the fowling effect. Moreover, the rate of formation of deposits is proportional to the mass fraction of heavy fractions in the coolant.

The aforementioned disadvantage is eliminated by the fact that in the method of operating a nuclear reactor with an organic coolant, which provides for the organization of pumping the organic coolant through the active zone along the primary circuit, bringing the reactor to power and operating at power with the generated energy being removed by the primary coolant, the organic coolant is supplied to the primary loop from pipelines of the transport system of oil products with a heavy fraction content of up to 10%, and after passing through the reactor core, heated heat onositel returned to the same line.

A single short-term stay of the organic liquid in the reactor core under the action of ionizing radiation leads to minimal formation of heavy fractions. This makes the fowling effect negligible, which ensures long-term operation of the reactor with the aim of heating the transported oil products. Low activation of the coolant does not increase the background radiation from the pipeline.

New significant features in comparison with the prototype are:

- supply of organic coolant to the primary circuit from the pipeline of the transport system of petroleum products with a heavy fraction content of up to 10%;

- removal of the heated coolant after passing through the reactor core into the same pipeline.

No new significant features of the claimed invention were found in the scientific and technical literature, the proposed solution does not follow explicitly from the prior art, and its application provides new properties. This allows us to conclude that the claimed solution meets the criteria of novelty and inventive step.

The proposed method of operating a nuclear reactor with an organic coolant is illustrated by the following example. A nuclear reactor with an organic coolant with a capacity of 15 MW, for example, designed for the ATU-15 × 2 installation, connected to a main oil product pipeline (see drawing), will provide at a flow rate of the coolant through the active zone of 750 m ³ / h that the coolant is heated to ~ 40 ° C at a planned the duration of the reactor, which is determined by the amount of nuclear fuel loaded into it. This will provide significant savings due to the rejection of track electrical heating systems for the pipeline.

Claims (1)

A method of operating a nuclear reactor with an organic coolant, providing for the organization of pumping the organic coolant through the active zone along the primary circuit, bringing the reactor to power and operating at power with the generated energy being removed by the primary coolant, characterized in that the organic coolant is supplied to the primary loop from the transport system pipeline petroleum products with a heavy fraction content of up to 10%, and after passing through the reactor core, the heated coolant is returned to that same pipeline.