RU2467208C1 - Turbo compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building, namely, to turbo compressors for, for example, ICE supercharging, in particular, to radial plain bearings. Proposed turbo compressor comprises casing with oil feed and discharge lines, shaft with compressor impellers, turbine, radial bearings and axial plain bearing, and thrust bearing disc. Note here that annular element is arranged on turbine wheel side to make cylindrical chamber with axial bearing base. Said chamber houses radial plain bearings made up of self-aligning segments with plain bearings. Note also that every segment has axial cylindrical channels to accommodate spacer rods arranged therein with radial clearance and rigidly coupled with aforesaid base and annular element.

EFFECT: higher efficiency due to perfected plain bearings.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, and more particularly to turbocompressors used to pressurize automotive internal combustion engines.

Known turbocharger containing a housing, a rotor with the impellers of the compressor and turbine, inside the housing mounted sleeve radial bearing. The sleeve of the radial bearing is made integral, with floating inserts of the axial plain bearing placed at the ends. In this case, the end surfaces of the sleeve are made conical, and each insert is in the form of a bilateral truncated cone. In this case, the conical surfaces form the working belts of the axial bearing (RF patent No.2006681, IPC F04D 25/04, F02B 37/00, publ. 30.01.94).

The disadvantage of this turbocharger is the use of tapered surfaces to absorb axial loads. This leads to an increase in the friction surface and, as a consequence, to an increase in friction losses. In addition, the technological complexity of manufacturing to ensure the required accuracy of the rotor axial precession limits the use of this turbocharger.

A known turbocompressor (see, for example, RF patent No. 2172432, IPC F04D 27/00, F02B 37/00, dated April 24, 2000), comprising a housing with snug elements of a turbine compressor, floating bushings of radial bearings with an axial bearing are installed inside the housing sliding, as well as a rotor with cantilever mounted impellers of the compressor and turbine. The axial bearing is made on the cylindrical flanges of the floating bushings. Axial bearing lubrication oil flows through the gaps of the floating bushings of the radial bearing.

The specified turbocharger cannot provide reliable operation of the axial plain bearing. This is due to the fact that the oil, passing through the radial bearings, heats up and "hot" enters the axial plain bearing. From practice it is known that this leads to failure of the bearing.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a turbocharger (see, for example, RF patent No. 101112, IPC F04D 29/00, 08/09/2010), comprising a housing with supply lines, oil drain, shaft with impellers of the compressor, turbine. Inside the housing there is a sleeve radial bearing and a one-way axial plain bearing with a base and a heel disk.

The disadvantages of this turbocharger include:

- firstly, a poor supply of oil into the wedge-shaped gaps of the radial bearing leads to a disruption in the performance of this bearing;

- secondly, the axial force during the operation of the turbocharger can change its direction. Therefore, with the axial force directed towards the turbine, the heel disc will dynamically pair with the end face of the radial bearing sleeve and, as a result, the turbocompressor will fail.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a turbocharger by improving the operation of radial plain bearings.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known turbocharger for internal combustion engines, comprising a housing with supply lines, oil drain, a shaft with compressor impellers, turbines, radial bearings and an axial plain bearing with bases and a heel disk, an annular ring is installed on the side of the turbine impeller an element forming with the base of the axial bearing a cylindrical chamber in which radial plain bearings are placed, made of separate self-aligning segments with a support and rocking, with each segment made axial cylindrical channels in which the radial gap spacing rods mounted rigidly associated with the base and the annular element.

On the spacer rods, spherical bands can be made that can mate with the channels of the segments.

On the inner surface of the annular element can be made U-shaped cylindrical groove connected by radial holes with oil drain.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the proposed turbocharger.

Figure 2 is a section along aa in figure 1.

Figure 3 is a section along BB in figure 1.

The turbocharger comprises a housing 1, a cover 2, a shaft 3 with impellers 4, 5 of a compressor and a turbine, respectively. An axial sliding bearing with bases 6, 7 and a heel disk 8 is installed inside the housing 1. The shaft 3 rotates in radial bearings consisting of separate self-aligning segments 9, 10. The segments are installed in the chamber 11, which is formed by the base 7 and the annular element 12 and connected by an opening 13 with oil pressure line. The annular element 12 has a groove 14, which is connected with an oil drain by radial holes 15. Segments 9, 10 have swing bearings 16, 17 and axial channels 18, 19 in which the spacer rods 20 are installed. The rods 20 are rigidly connected to the base 7 and the annular element 12 and can have spherical belts 21.

During operation of the turbocharger, the exhaust gases from the engine enter the turbine and rotate the turbine wheel 5 and the compressor wheel 4. The shaft 3 rotates in radial bearings and interacts with the working surfaces of the segments 9, 10. In this case, the segments rotate on the swing bearings 16, 17 with the formation of a wedge gap into which the oil is drawn by the rotating shaft, with the formation of a hydrodynamic wedge. The hydrodynamic wedge separates the contacting working surfaces of the shaft and segments with a bearing oil film, which ensures the long-term operation of radial bearings. Oil from the pressure line enters through the hole 13 into the chamber 11 and then through the groove 14 of the hole 15 is discharged into the oil drain line. The rods 20 distance the segments 9, 10 relative to each other, providing optimal conditions for the formation of a hydrodynamic wedge. The axial forces arising during operation are perceived through the heel disk 8 by the bases 6, 7 of the axial plain bearing.

Claims (3)

1. A turbocharger for internal combustion engines, comprising a housing with oil supply and drain lines, a shaft with compressor impellers, a turbine, radial bearings and an axial plain bearing with bases and a heel disk, characterized in that an annular element is installed on the side of the turbine impeller, forming with the base of the axial bearing a cylindrical chamber in which radial plain bearings are placed made of separate self-aligning segments with rolling bearings, with each egmente performed axial cylindrical channels in which the radial gap spacing rods mounted rigidly associated with the base and the annular element. 2. The turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that spherical belts are made on the spacer rods, which can mate with the channels of the segments. 3. The turbocharger according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inner surface of the annular element there is a U-shaped cylindrical groove connected by radial holes with an oil drain.

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