RU2466861C1 - Method of processing wood building materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wood-working industry.

SUBSTANCE: method of processing the wood building materials includes processing the material surface with protective composition comprising filler and binder. First, the wood is subjected to forced drying to the desired moisture content. Then the size of the pores of wood is determined, and the degree of grinding the particles of the protective composition is designated. The composition is applied under pressure to the surface of the processed material to complete saturation of wood pores. In the protective composition basalt is used as filler. Saponite is used as binder. And the following ratio of components is maintained: basalt 60-90 parts by weight, saponite 40-10 parts by weight.

EFFECT: water absorption of the processed material is reduced; its insulating properties are increased.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of wood building materials, in particular the production of wood building materials with enhanced energy-saving properties.

Among the huge range of building materials for thermal conductivity, wood is in one of the first places, however, in the process of using wood building material in various operating conditions and the environment, the insulating properties are reduced. This is due to the porous structure of the wood, which leads to an increase in the moisture content in it. Therefore, the energy efficiency of the operation of construction projects is largely determined by their protection from external moisture. In addition, water freezes in the pore structure of wood materials in volume up to 10%, which creates a significant excess pressure on the surface of the pores, the resulting internal stress leads to the formation of cracks.

Currently existing methods of protecting wooden building materials from moisture are based on the use of various hydrophobic systems (varnishes, paints, mastics and others). However, such protective organic coatings under atmospheric conditions are short-lived due to the inevitable destruction of polymers.

One of the effective ways to solve this problem is to modify the surface of wood building material by creating a protective film of mineral nanoparticles (up to 100 nm) with pronounced hydrophobicity.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a technical solution for patent document US 4027401 A, cl. A26B 5/04, publ. 06/07/1977 (col. 1, p. 61 - col. 2, p. 9, Figs. 1-7) (D1), which describes the devices and processes used to extract resin and moisture from logs, tree trunks, treated wood and decisions on their fire protection. The essence of the method is to introduce a new process for the extraction of resin from wood with the aim of further exposure and drying of this wood by removing the resin using the differential pressure method, in combination with the proposed also thinning the resin, adding alcohol, carbon tetrachloride or acetone with the possibility of subsequent treatment with paints and fire-retardant compounds.

The disadvantages of this method are:

1) use for thinning the resin in the process of moisture removal of organic solvents, which are environmentally unsafe chemical compounds;

2) the process of complete extraction of resinous substances from wood using vacuum drying according to the proposed method is technologically difficult to implement;

3) fire protection agents used to impart the required characteristics, according to the degree of exposure to the human body in accordance with the classification of harmful substances in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76, belong to hazard classes 3-4;

4) the extraction of resinous substances by the proposed solvents violates the natural balance of the wood structure, in addition, the proposed solvents partially remove lignin, which is the framework for constructing a wood matrix, which will certainly affect the deformation-strength characteristics of building materials.

5) the processing mechanism of other wood building materials is not reflected.

A known method of producing additives for coatings that increase fire resistance [Application for the grant of a patent of the Russian Federation No. 2009122193, IPC C09D 5/18]. The additive has a base of metal hydroxide, for example magnesium, while the particle size of magnesium hydroxide is in the range from 1 to 190 nm.

The disadvantage of this method is that the carrier for washing is chosen between solvents or diluents, depending on the type of wood used in standard coatings in such a way that the carrier is compatible with the solvent and diluent of the target coating, which does not allow to unify the process.

A known method of manufacturing fire-resistant cellulose fiber [Application for the grant of a patent of the Russian Federation No. 95122480, IPC ⁶ D01F 2/02]. The essence of the method consists in introducing a flame retardant into the fabricated un-dried cellulose fiber.

Its disadvantage is the difficulty of fixing a flame retardant.

A known method of obtaining a protective and decorative coating on the surface of building structures made on the basis of cement and wood aggregate, wood chipboards, cables. [Application for the grant of a patent of the Russian Federation No. 95104621, IPC ⁶ B28B 19/00 1996]. The essence of the method consists in applying a mechanized composition containing water glass with a density of 1.21 g / cm ³ and an inorganic filler, followed by drying of the coating.

The disadvantage of this method is the formation on the surface of the coated material of a mica layer having mechanical brittleness.

A known method for the production of building timber from modified wood, including the injection of finely ground metal powder into the lumber, followed by plasticity of the lumber by rolling a flat surface for feeding into the matrix, where it is folded into the beam with metal layers to each other. Then, ultra-high frequency (microwave) currents are supplied to the ends of the beam, which soften the metal powder, and the modified materials are joined in the matrix by pressing, at which time the microwave current is turned off, and the resulting joint of the joint is cooled, and the finished beam is removed from the matrix, freeing it for subsequent pressing of the timber. [RF patent No. 2354549, IPC ⁸ B27N 3/02].

The method allows to obtain a building beam with predefined shapes and strength indicators.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to eliminate the above disadvantages and increase the thermal insulation properties of wood.

This is achieved by the fact that a nanosized composition of basalt and saponite is delivered to the pores of the wood material, filling the entire free pore volume.

The method is as follows. The wood material is forcedly dried to a certain moisture content, then the pore size of the treated wood material is determined and a nanodispersed protective composition is prepared by grinding the components so that the particles are proportional to the pore size of the wood, and a protective composition is applied to the surface of the treated wood material under pressure. The protective composition includes a filler - basalt and a binder - saponite, in the following proportions: basalt 60-90 weight. parts, saponite 40-10 weight. parts.

The method can be implemented as follows. The wooden building structure is placed in a horizontal autoclave with an opening lid, operating under atmospheric pressure. The autoclave houses devices that fix the building structure. The autoclave is equipped with a technological branch pipe for supplying a dry nanodispersed composition and creating an air suspension from it with pneumatic mixing devices and instrumentation for measuring and regulating technological parameters. The air suspension created in the volume of the autoclave allows you to evenly distribute the protective composition on the surface of the wooden building structure. After sedimentation of suspended particles, an excess pressure is created, due to which the penetration of the nanoparticles of the protective composition deep into the pores and their gradual filling is ensured. The whole process occurs cyclically with periodic tests. Saturation of the pores of the material is carried out to an excess state.

The correspondence of the pore size of wood and the particle size of the protective composition allows you to reliably fill the pores of the wood to form a protective film on the surface of wooden structures. Thus, the water absorption of the processed material is reduced and its heat-insulating properties are increased.

Examples of the invention, confirming the possibility of achieving the specified technical result, are presented in table 1 (examples 1-32). At the same time, both the type of processed wood and the composition of the protective composition vary.

Table 1 Wood processing conditions and results Example No. Wood material Pore size, microns The composition of the protective composition (basalt / saponite), weight. parts The particle size of the starting material, microns Degree of grinding The average particle size of the protective composition after dispersion, microns Experiment Results Water absorption,% Thermal conductivity, W / (m * K) At initial humidity At maximum water absorption one Larch 11-31 - - - - 25 0.19 0.23 2 Larch 11-31 40/60 one hundred twenty 4-6 22 0.20 0.23 3 Larch 11-31 50/50 one hundred twenty 4-6 twenty 0.20 0.23 four Larch 11-31 60/40 one hundred twenty 4-6 9 0.20 0.20 5 Larch 11-31 70/30 one hundred twenty 4-6 9 0.19 0.19 6 Larch 11-31 80/20 one hundred twenty 4-6 7 0.19 0.19 7 Larch 11-31 90/10 one hundred twenty 4-6 6 0.20 0.20 8 Larch 11-31 95/5 one hundred twenty 4-6 fifteen 0.19 0.23 9 Birch 15-35 - - - - 27 0.13 0.15 10 Birch 15-35 40/60 one hundred fifteen 5-8 25 0.13 0.15 eleven Birch 15-35 50/50 one hundred fifteen 5-8 23 0.14 0.15 12 Birch 15-35 60/40 one hundred fifteen 5-8 12 0.13 0.13 13 Birch 15-35 70/30 one hundred fifteen 5-8 10 0.12 0.12 fourteen Birch 15-35 80/20 one hundred fifteen 5-8 12 0.13 0.13 fifteen Birch 15-35 90/10 one hundred fifteen 5-8 eleven 0.12 0.12 16 Birch 15-35 95/5 one hundred fifteen 5-8 eighteen 0.13 0.15 17 Spruce 8-15 - - . - 21 0.11 0.13 eighteen Spruce 8-15 40/60 one hundred 25 3-5 19 0.11 0.13 19 Spruce 8-15 50/50 one hundred 25 3-5 16 0.11 0.13 twenty Spruce 8-15 60/40 one hundred 25 3-5 8 0.10 0.10 21 Spruce 8-15 70/30 one hundred 25 3-5 8 0.11 0.11 22 Spruce 8-15 80/20 one hundred 25 3-5 7 0.11 0.11 23 Spruce 8-15 90/10 one hundred 25 3-5 6 0.12 0.12 24 Spruce 8-15 95/5 one hundred 25 3-5 fourteen 0.11 0.13 25 Pine 7.5-10 - - - - 19 0.15 0.18 26 Pine 7.5-10 40/60 one hundred thirty 2-5 17 0.16 0.18 27 Pine 7.5-10 50/50 one hundred thirty 2-5 16 0.15 0.18 28 Pine 7.5-10 60/40 one hundred thirty 2-5 8 0.15 0.15 29th Pine 7.5-10 70/30 one hundred thirty 2-5 9 0.16 0.16 thirty Pine 7.5-10 80/20 one hundred thirty 2-5 7 0.15 0.15 31 Pine 7.5-10 90/10 one hundred thirty 2-5 7 0.16 0.16 32 Pine 7.5-10 95/5 one hundred thirty 2-5 13 0.16 0.18

The above examples of the implementation of the invention 1-32 confirm that the optimal composition of the protective composition includes a filler - basalt and a binder - saponite, in the following proportions: basalt 60-90 weight. parts, saponite 40-10 weight. parts.

Claims (1)

A method of treating building materials from wood, including surface treatment of the material with a protective composition containing a filler and a binder, characterized in that the wood is first subjected to forced drying to a predetermined humidity, then the pore size of the wood is determined and the degree of grinding of the particles of the protective composition is determined and applied under pressure to the surface of the processed material until the pores of the wood are completely saturated, while in the protective composition, basalt is used as a filler, and as yazuyuschego - saponite at a ratio of 60-90 parts by weight of components basalt, saponite 40-10 parts by weight