RU2466435C1 - Automatic weather instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: instrument consists of a sensor unit (1) and an operator panel (15). The sensor unit (1) includes sensors for temperature (2) and relative air humidity (4), atmospheric pressure (5), a three-coordinate ultrasonic anemometer (6-11), an electromagnetic compass (13), an information processing device (12) and a voltage converter (14). The ultrasonic anemometer (6-11) consists of three pairs of orthogonally arranged ultrasonic sensors operating in two modes: emitter and receiver. The sensors are placed on supports with a shape which enables to determine three orthogonal projections of the wind velocity vector. The operator panel (15) has a voltage converter (19), an interfacing device (16), a computing device (17) and an information display device (18). The voltage converter (19) of the operator panel is connected to the voltage converter (14) of the sensor unit. The interfacing device (16) of the operator panel is connected through communication channels to the computing device (17) of the operator panel and the information processing device (12) of the sensor unit, and is also configured for connection with a computer (21). The instrument also has a soil temperature sensor (3) connected by a communication channel to the interfacing device (16) of the operator panel.

EFFECT: higher number of measured parameters.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of meteorology. Meteorological instruments are designed for operation in the range from upper to lower values of climatic factors, while narrow ranges of climatic modification can be additionally established. Devices must ensure operation in all microclimatic regions on land and at sea. The priority characteristics of the devices are reliability during operation in a temperate and cold climate, use in portable versions.

Existing automatic meteorological instruments provide measurement and control of several meteorological parameters created on the basis of electronic components, which have the functions of collecting, controlling, processing, accumulating and transmitting data using information technologies.

An analogue of the claimed device is a "Converter measuring the meteorological parameters of the environment" (patent RU 53024 U1 from 08.11.2005). The transducer contains a combined temperature and relative humidity (air) sensor, an anemometer with a primary measuring transducer (for determining the air flow rate), a wind vane (for determining the wind direction), a barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure, auxiliary devices, including a programmable controller that implements a digital signal conversion and processing. The disadvantage of this device is the use of mechanical parts to determine the direction of the wind.

Another analogue of the claimed device is an "Ultrasonic hot-wire anemometer with a device for automatically restoring the accuracy of the measurement characteristics" (patent RU 2319987 C1 from 05.06.2006). The device consists of pairs of ultrasonic emitters and receivers oriented towards each other, a time interval measuring device connected to them, connected to the main computing device, an electronic air temperature sensor, a comparison device, an additional computing device, a windproof box container and a sensor are additionally included in the device its closing signal. The disadvantage of this device is the lack of automatic reference of the measured vector of wind speed to the north-south direction at the observation point. To determine the azimuth of the wind speed vector, it is necessary to set the wind speed zeros using a windproof box container, which increases the time it takes to transfer the meteorological set from traveling to the working position and reduces the deployment time of the device.

The prototype of the claimed device is a multi-parameter weather sensor "Lufft WS600 Multi-Parameter Weather Sensor" manufactured by Scientific Sales, Inc., USA (http://www.scientificsales.com/Lufft-WS600-Multi-Parameter-Weather-Sensor-p /ws600.htm). The WS600 sensor measures air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, wind speed and direction. The sensor has an integrated electromagnetic compass to determine the direction of the wind when installing the sensor on a moving platform. An anemometer of the device consists of 4 ultrasonic sensors, which make cyclic measurements of wind speed in various directions. Wind speed is calculated from the measured difference in the speed of sound propagation between the sensors. The built-in electromagnetic compass is used to check the installation of the sensor housing in the north direction when measuring the direction of wind speed. A compass is also used to calculate wind direction. The device does not provide measurements of soil temperature, does not determine the vertical component of wind speed, the degree of vertical air stability (IED).

The technical result achieved by the automated meteorological device (PMA) described in this application for the invention is to increase the number of measured and determined parameters, including measuring the temperature of the soil, determining the vertical component of the wind speed vector, UHM.

The indicated technical result is achieved by introducing a soil temperature sensor into the device, installing ultrasonic sensors, each of which can serve as both a transmitter and a receiver of an ultrasonic signal, in racks with a geometry that makes it possible to determine three orthogonal components of the wind speed vector by measuring the signal propagation time in forward and reverse between pairs of sensors. Sensors of relative humidity, atmospheric pressure are introduced into the device, using the readings of which, in each measurement cycle, the channels of measuring the wind velocity components are automatically calibrated by calculating the speed of sound propagation and taking into account its value when the signal propagates in the positive and negative directions along the fixed coordinate axes of the instrument system coordinates. In accordance with the signals of the electromagnetic compass, geometrically rigidly connected with the axes of the receivers-transmitters of ultrasonic radiation, the components of the vector of wind speed are recalculated to the local coordinate system. The determination of the HELM is based on the readings of ultrasonic sensors, sensors of air temperature, soil, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure.

The device consists of: a sensor unit (1), including sensors for air temperature (2), relative humidity (4), atmospheric pressure (5), a three-coordinate ultrasonic anemometer containing three pairs of orthogonally located ultrasonic emitter-receivers (6-11), an information processing device (12) that performs the functions of switching, converting, amplifying signals, generating pulses, measuring time intervals, a two-coordinate electromagnetic compass (13), a voltage converter (14); soil sensor (3); the operator panel (15), including the interface device (16), including with the possibility of information exchange with an electronic computer (21), a computing device (17), an information display device (18), a voltage converter (19) supplied from external power source (20) (figures 1 and 2).

An example of a practical implementation of the proposed device is shown in figure 2.

In the proposed device, the coordinate system O, X ', Y', Z 'associated with the racks in which ultrasonic sensors are installed and in which wind speed parameters are measured is located in space relative to the local coordinate system O, X, Y, Z, in which determines the magnetic azimuth, the horizontal and vertical components of the wind speed, so that the median of the trihedral angle O, X ', Y', Z 'is directed vertically and coincides with the OZ axis of the coordinate system O, X, Y, Z, and the axis OX 'is in the XOZ plane (figure 3).

Coordination scheme of the OX, OY axes of the coordinate system O, X, Y, Z, in which the magnetic field components H _x , H _y are measured using a compass 13, the projection of the OX axis' of a pair of ultrasonic sensors 6, 7, and projections of the wind velocity vector V _x , V _{y is} shown in FIG.

Signal propagation time along the OX axis in the positive and negative directions

where L _x is the distance between the sensors along the axis OX;

C is the speed of sound in air;

- проекция вектора скорости воздуха на ось ОХ.

- the projection of the air velocity vector on the axis OX.

Based on this, the sum of the signal propagation times in the positive and negative directions is

and the difference

в предположении, что

.

under the assumption that

.

Hence the distance between the sensors along the axis OX is

It is known that the speed of sound in air is a function of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure. Knowing the temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, it is possible to determine the speed of sound by calculation.

where e is the pressure (elasticity) of water vapor in the air is determined by the formula

,

,

;Where

;

T, ° С - air temperature;

H _u - relative humidity;

P is the atmospheric pressure;

T _k - absolute air temperature, K.

на ось ОХ:The calculated value of the speed of sound is used to determine the distance between the sensors L _x in each measurement cycle to calculate the value of the projection of the wind speed

on the axis OX:

,

на оси OY, OZ.Similarly, data on projections of wind speed can be obtained.

,

on the axis OY, OZ.

The transition from the coordinate system O, X ', Y', Z 'to the system O, X, Y, Z is carried out according to the formulas:

From the difference in air and soil temperatures and the horizontal component of the wind speed, the thermodynamic criterion N is determined, which characterizes the HSS:

where T is the air temperature;

T _p - soil temperature;

.V is the horizontal component of the wind speed,

.

At N≥0.1, IMS corresponds to convection,

when N≤-0,1 SVUV corresponds to inversion,

when -0.1≥N≤0.1 corresponds to isothermy.

Measured and calculated meteorological parameters: air and soil temperature, relative air humidity, atmospheric pressure, magnitude and azimuth of the horizontal component of wind speed, UHMM are displayed on the operator panel and can be transferred via an interface (for example, RS 485) to an electronic computer.

The automated meteorological device described in this application for the invention, by introducing sensors of air and soil temperature, relative air humidity, atmospheric pressure, anemometer, electromagnetic compass, provides measurement and determination of a wide range of meteorological parameters, including soil temperature, magnetic azimuth of wind speed , the values of the horizontal and vertical components of the wind speed, IEDs, and the arrangement of ultrasonic sensors and the accepted method of obtaining three the orthogonal components of the wind speed using the readings of temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure sensors make it possible to abandon the procedure of setting the values of these components to zero before starting measurements in a windproof box container, which increases the set’s operational characteristics, such as accuracy in determining meteorological parameters and speed of transfer from marching to working position.

Claims (1)

The automated meteorological device, consisting of a sensor unit and an operator console, the sensor unit contains sensors of air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, a three-coordinate ultrasonic anemometer, consisting of three pairs of orthogonally located ultrasonic sensors, an electromagnetic compass, an information processing device, a voltage converter connected to the voltage converter of the operator console, the operator console comprises an interface device connected a communication channel with a device for processing information of a sensor unit and having the ability to be connected by a communication channel with an electronic computer, a computing device, an information display device, characterized in that a soil temperature sensor is connected to the device and connected to the interface unit of the operator’s interface by a communication channel introduced ultrasonic sensors, each of which operates in two modes: emitter and receiver, located in racks with a geometry that allows you to define three orthogonal e projection of the wind velocity vector.

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