RU2465760C1 - Method of subsoiling-mole draining of heavy water-permeable soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the technology of agricultural use of drained heavy water-permeable soils in nonchernozem belt. The method of subsoiling-mole draining of heavy water-permeable soils drained by an open channel, closed collector, spaced parallel drains and closed collectors laid in the trench, with its subsequent filling below the plow sole with filter material of higher water-permeability compared to the natural soil, includes periodic subsoiling-mole draining of soil at an angle to the direction of the drains. Each subsequent subsoiling-mole draining of soil is carried out in the direction opposite to the previous one.

EFFECT: reliable hydrologic effect of subsurface drainage is provided in the course of its operation under the conditions of heavy water-permeable soils.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural technologies for the use of drained heavy poorly permeable soil in a non-chernozem zone.

It is known that deep loosening-worming of heavy poorly permeable soil is carried out only against the background of their drainage by closed tubular drainage. In this case, the drainage of heavy poorly permeable soils consists in the drainage of surface water through the filling of the drainage trench into the drain. Through the backfill, water from the top water entering it from the arable layer and its plow sole and water from the loosened layer of soil and moleholes are also drained into the drain.

A known method of draining heavy poorly permeable soils with closed rarefied drains in combination with land reclamation measures (Krivonosov I.M. Features of drainage of poorly permeable soils / Tr. SevNIIIGiM. Issue XII. - L., 1957. - S. 61, 68).

A known method of draining heavy poorly permeable soils with combined drainage, including a combination of tubular drains with mole drainage or worming with filter filling of drainage trenches (Sokolovskaya LN Drainage of land with closed combined drainage. - M .: Kolos, 1966. - P.17, 54 ... 61).

It is known that backfilling of trenches during the installation of closed collectors should be done with previously excavated soil with the obligatory addition of 30 ... 35% of humus. If there are filter materials at the construction site (sand and gravel mixtures, coarse sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag and others), trenches should be backfilled with these materials (Guidelines for the design of drainage and drainage and humidification systems. - M .: Glavnechernozemvodstroy, 1976. - S.27).

There is a method of draining heavy poorly permeable soil, including laying a closed collector and drains and deep loosening the soil at an angle of 60 ... 90 ° to the direction of the drains (Land reclamation manual. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1980. - P.146 ... 147).

It is known that, as measures to increase the efficiency of drainage by closed collectors arranged with a filtering bed, deep loosening or worming is proposed in the direction of intersection with the bed (Agricultural hydro-technical reclamation / A.A. Bogushevsky, A.I. Golovanov et al .; Under Edited by E.S. Markov. - M .: Kolos, 1981. - S. 250 ... 253). At the same time, the filtering backfill must maintain the estimated water permeability during the standard service life of the closed collector.

It is known to use horizontal tubular drainage in combination with worming and filling the trench with filtering material for drainage of poorly permeable clay and loamy soil with atmospheric water supply (Reclamation: Encycl. Reference book / A.I. Murashko, V.T. Klimkov; Ed. A.I. . Murashko. - Mn .: Belorussian. Sov. Encycl., 1984. - P.149, 230 ... 231), closed collectors (Ibid; V.M. Masyuk. - P.187) and narrow-trench drainage (Ibid .; A.I. Murashko. - P.512) with filtering backfill.

It is known to use soil worming in the Federal Republic of Germany and to connect it to a tubular drainage by means of a well-filtering layer of gravel and other permeable materials poured into the drainage trench (R. Eggelsmann. Manual for drainage / Translation from German by V. N. Gorinsky. Ed. F. . R. Zaidelman. - M .: Kolos, 1978. - P.78 ... 79, Fig. 32).

In accordance with SNiP 2.06.03-85 (Section 3.57), worming and deep loosening of soils are provided at an angle of 60 ... 90 ° with respect to the regulatory network, the depth of moles on weakly permeable soils is 0.5 ... 0.7 m, the distance between moles - 1,0 ... 1,5 m with their diameter - 5 ... 7 cm.

There is a method of deep loosening of soil when the direction of loosening is across or at a slight angle to the location of the drains (Application of land reclamation measures on drained mineral lands: Technological regulations / Yu.I. Mitrofanov, V.A. Kotelnikov et al. - Kalinin: VNIIMZ, 1989. - S.20).

A known method of building drainage (AS SU 1709011 A1, class E02B 11/00, published on January 30, 1993 in Bulletin No. 4), which provides for sprinkling the drainage line with filter material of a given width using a box without a bottom and a back wall. The box is moved after the excavator-drainer along the bottom of the trench. The supply of filter material in the box and filling the remaining trench after placing the box in it is carried out simultaneously.

A known method of drainage of poorly permeable soils with trenchless drainage, including a drainage pipe that filters the filling of the drainage gap, the area of compaction and loosening of soil (Land reclamation encyclopedia. Volume 1 / V.T. Klimkov; Comp. B.S. Maslov. - M .: FGNU. ", 2003. - P.105 ... 106).

A known design of a closed collector, including tubular drain with continuous or intermittent filtering backfill to the arable layer or soil surface, used in atmospheric and alluvial water supply to intercept and divert surface and top water (Land reclamation encyclopedia. Volume 3 / BC Pechenina, I.F. .Yurchenko; Compiled by B.S. Maslov. - M.: Federal State Institution "Rosinformagroteh", 2004. - P.188 ... 189).

The known periodicity of appointing the term for re-deep loosening of soil (Zeidelman F.R. Genesis and ecological basics of land reclamation of soils and landscapes. - M .: KDU-MSU, 2009. - P.325 ... 326; Smirnov AM, Alekseeva Yu.S. Glubokoe loosening of heavy soils in the Leningrad region. - In collection: “Drainage of heavy soils” / Edited by B. S. Maslov. - M .: Kolos, 1981. - P.184).

A known method of drainage of heavy poorly permeable soil, drained by an open channel, a closed collector, sparse parallel drains and closed collectors, laid in a trench with its subsequent filling below the bottom of the arable layer with filtering material of increased water permeability compared to natural soil, dredging periodically deep a depth of at least 0.6 m at an angle to the direction of the drains (V.Ya. Chernenko, Sh.I. Brusilovsky. Deep loosening of drained heavy soils. - M .: Kolos, 1983. - C.3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 34, 36 ... 44, 49 ... 61; prototype). At the same time, rippers are used that are designed for deep strip cultivation and strip cultivation with simultaneous mooring or only mooring, performing molehills below the loosening zone.

One of the main parameters of loosening, along with the depth, interval, distance between the loosening strips and its completeness, is the direction of loosening. All the above known methods, including the prototype characterizing the current level of technology, do not take into account the technogenic erosion of the backfill of the drainage trench.

Under technogenic (mechanical, agronomic or agrotechnical) erosion, as is known, is understood the displacement of the soil or soil by tillage tools and mechanisms. Initially, after completion of construction work on the installation of closed drainage, the vertical axis of the backfill of the drainage trench is in the same vertical plane as the axis of the drain. During the passage of the cultivator-wrecker, the soil and filtering backfill material are shifted forward in the direction of its movement, part of the filtering backfill material is replaced by loosened natural soil, which leads to a decrease in the permeability of the backfill over the drain.

With repeated deep loosening-worming in one direction, the filtering material of the backfill can completely move out of the vertical plane above the drain. This will sharply worsen the conditions for the hydraulic connection of the top of the arable layer and surface water with drain. At the same time, the hydrological effect of drainage in heavy poorly permeable soil is sharply reduced - the intensity of drainage of excess water decreases. At the same time, it is known that the filtering backfill of the trench, selected from the condition that the estimated water flow to closed drains or closed collectors is allowed to pass in heavy poorly permeable soil, must maintain the estimated water permeability for at least the standard duration of the closed drainage.

The problem solved by this invention is to preserve the filtering material backfill in the vertical plane of the drainage trench for at least the standard lifetime of the closed drainage.

The technical result obtained from the solution of the problem is to provide reliable hydrological action of the closed drainage during its operation in the conditions of heavy poorly permeable soil.

The object of the invention is solved by the fact that in the method of deep loosening-worming of heavy poorly permeable soil, drained by an open channel, a closed collector, rarefied parallel drains and closed collectors, laid in a trench with its subsequent filling below the bottom of the arable layer with filtering material of increased water permeability in comparison with natural soil, including periodic deep loosening-worming of soil at an angle to the direction of the drains, each subsequent gl mowing loosening-worming of soil is carried out in the opposite direction to the previous one.

Carrying out each subsequent deep loosening-worming of soil in the opposite direction to the previous one allows to avoid displacement of the soil or soil by tillage tools and mechanisms and to keep the filtering material backfill in the vertical plane of the drainage trench, thereby ensuring reliable hydrological effect of closed drainage during operation under heavy conditions poorly permeable soil.

The claimed method of deep loosening-worming of heavy poorly permeable soil, drained by an open channel, a closed collector, sparse parallel drains and closed collectors, laid in a trench with its subsequent filling below the bottom of the arable layer with filtering material of increased water permeability in comparison with natural soil, includes soil cultivation at an angle to the direction of the drains, with each subsequent deep loosening-soil cultivation untov carried out in a direction opposite to the previous one.

An example of a specific application of the claimed method of loosening-worming of heavy poorly permeable soil.

Deep loosening of drained heavy poorly permeable soil was carried out at the Podzharikha facility in the Kalinin (now Tver) region: the first deep loosening to a depth of 0.6 m was carried out in 1970, the second in 1973 (after 3 years) and the third in 1977, i.e. 4 years after the second loosening. The interval between ongoing loosening of the soil was increased, taking into account the residual part of the deformation of the soil. Moreover, each subsequent loosening was carried out in the opposite direction to the previous one.

In 1982, deep cultivation was carried out at the Greblyovo site in the same area. At the same time, the RG-0.8A cultivator was tested.

Before deep loosening, the following operations were performed:

- according to the executive documentation of the commissioned drainage system and transferred by the construction organization to the land user, the plan and depth of the drainage, closed collectors and closed collectors were set for the deep loosening plot;

- set the direction of the previous deep loosening in the drained area;

- appointed the direction of the current deep loosening at an angle to the direction of the drains and in the direction opposite to the previous deep loosening;

- transferred the direction of the current deep loosening in kind;

- conducted deep loosening of soil in the area.

Prior to the first deep loosening, backfilling of the drainage trench, having a width of 50 cm, was carried out on the two objects under consideration by the soil of the arable layer to the plow sole. Immediately after deep loosening, a deformation zone was established for filling the trench with soil through excavation.

The displacement of the soil and the backfill of the drainage trench in the direction of movement of the cultivator was the largest in the area of action of the plow share of the cultivator and reached half the width of the drainage trench. Carrying out each subsequent loosening in the direction opposite to the previous one allowed avoiding the constant displacement of the soil and backfill of the drainage trench in one direction and preserving the filtering material of the backfill in a position close to the vertical plane of the drainage trench.

The claimed method of deep loosening-worming of heavy poorly permeable soil soils allows the filtering backfill of the drainage trench selected from the condition of ensuring that the calculated water flow to drain and closed collectors to pass, to maintain the estimated water permeability and ensure the calculated intensity of the drainage of excess water. This ensures the achievement of a technical result - reliable hydrological effect of closed drainage during its operation in the conditions of heavy poorly permeable soil.

Claims (1)

The method of deep loosening-worming of heavy poorly permeable soil, drained by an open channel, a closed collector, sparse parallel drains and closed collectors, laid in a trench with its subsequent filling below the bottom of the arable layer with filtering material of increased water permeability compared to natural soil, dredging, including soils at an angle to the direction of the drains, characterized in that each subsequent deep loosening-worming of soils in the ground conduct in the opposite direction to the previous one.