RU2464254C1 - Liquid explosive formation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosives.

SUBSTANCE: method for formation of liquid explosive from dinitrogen tetraoxide and liquid oil product involves introduction of additional components - fuels and/or oxidisers to the composition, which have low melting point (below minus 28.5 C°) and/or high boiling point (above 46.2 C°).

EFFECT: introduction of additives widens the temperature range of application of liquid explosive.

2 cl, 10 ex

Description

Panclastites are known from history - liquid explosives (liquid explosives), which were used in military affairs and in various sectors of the civil industry at the beginning of the 20th century [1]. One of the options for the formulation of pancreatitis is a mixture of diazot tetraoxide and liquid oil, which is used today in Russia in a very limited volume, mainly in special blasting operations [2].

The limited use of panclastitis is associated not only with their toxicity and aggressiveness, but also with the fact that the main component of live fat substances - diazotetraoxide crystallizes at a temperature of minus 11.2 ° C, and boils at a temperature of plus 21 ° C [3], ie It has a fairly narrow temperature range of use, which does not always coincide with the ambient temperature - with the conditions for blasting. In addition to the climatic conditions of Russia, extreme conditions for the production of work should be mentioned, for example, work in the so-called "Hot shops", where it is necessary to crush (destroy) reinforced concrete, metal, technological marriage, etc. in conditions of elevated temperatures - more than 30 ° C.

In order for diazotetroxide to be suitable for the manufacture of live fatty acids at any time, it must be stored permanently in storage facilities at temperatures from plus 10 ° C to plus 20 ° C, according to GIPC (1978), while heating is preferably water.

Russian patent No. 2262655 proposes a method for the manufacture of LHW, according to which, immediately before mixing, the temperature of each source component should be brought to the desired one by heating or cooling.

The main disadvantages of these methods are that it is necessary to expend energy, respectively, on either heating or cooling components, while heating the initial components, the operation is unsafe, requiring constant monitoring, because accidental overheating of components (human factor) can lead to accidents and tragic consequences.

However, even strict compliance with all safety conditions and technological regulations, as practice has shown, does not save the situation, especially when work is carried out in the field (quarries, excavations) or inside warm rooms (“hot shops”), because Livestock, usually placed in plastic containers, still freezes quickly enough or boils, i.e. become unsuitable for blasting.

Meanwhile, a technique is known in the art for introducing into the liquid fuel composition, special liquids that lower the cloud point and fuel crystallization. The mentioned special liquids, for example, include anti-water crystallization liquids “I” TU 0257-107-05757618-2001 and “I-M” OST 54-3-175-73-99, which are introduced into the fuel in small quantities, from fractions of% to 1-2%, and, at the same time, ensure the efficient operation of various grades of fuel at fairly low temperatures. Given the fact that during the formation of explosives, incl. liquid, commonly used combustibles are widely used, namely liquid petroleum products (LNP): kerosene, diesel fuel, mineral (petroleum) oils [4, 5], as well as used motor oils, then, in principle, a similar technique can also be used in the formation of liquid explosives .

Thus, the technical result is that in the method of forming a liquid explosive from diazotetraoxide and a liquid petroleum product, during the manufacturing process, an additional component (or components) is introduced into the mixture simultaneously with the liquid petroleum product and diazotetraoxide - a fuel and / or an oxidizing agent having a low the melting temperature (below minus 28.5 ° C) and / or a high boiling point (above 46.2 ° C), while the ratio of the components in the composition of the raw materials is stoichiometric or not more than ± 10% of the zero oxygen balance a.

In addition, mixtures of diazotetraoxide and liquid petroleum product with an additional component or components can be prepared separately from each other and mixed with each other immediately before the use of liquid substances.

In this case, the following additional conditions should be observed, the fulfillment of which will allow not only to significantly expand the temperature range of the use of liquid substances, but also not to reduce its power, at least substantially:

- a substance expanding the temperature range (oxidizing agent, fuel), additionally introduced into the liquid substances, should not be an inert filler, but an active participant in the detonation process (the same applies to the case of the introduction of several components at once);

- the proportion of the additional substance in the composition of the liquid substances must be such that the stoichiometric ratio between the oxidizing agent and the fuel (oxidizing agents and combustibles) is not violated, while a deviation of no more than ± 10% from the zero oxygen balance is allowed.

Examples of substances that could be used as additional components in the composition of live fat substances are given in table 1 [3].

Table 1 Name Gross formula Oxygen Balance (KB) Temperature ° С melting boiling Nitric acid HNO ₃ plus 63 -41.6 82.6 Dichloroethane C ₂ H ₄ Cl ₂ minus 65 - 35.36 83.47 Diethylene glycol C ₄ H ₁₀ O ₃ minus 151 -8 245 Methanol CH ₄ O minus 150 -97.9 64.5 Methyl nitrate CH ₃ NO ₃ minus 10 - 82.95 64.6 α-methylnaphthalene C ₁₁ H ₁₀ minus 304 -30.8 245 Nitromethane CH ₃ NO ₂ minus 39 -28.5 101,2 Carbon disulphide CS ₂ - -111.9 46.2 Tetrahydrofuran C ₄ H ₈ O minus 244 -108.5 65.6 Tetranitromethane CN ₄ O ₈ plus 49 14.2 125.3 Acetic acid C ₂ H ₄ O ₂ minus 107 16.75 118.1 Acetic Anhydride C ₄ H ₁₆ O ₃ minus 186 -73.1 139.9 Ethanol C ₂ H ₆ O minus 209 -114.3 78.39 Ethylene glycol C ₂ H ₆ O ₂ minus 129 -12.3 197.6 Ethyleneemine C ₂ H ₅ N minus 242 -78 55 Ethyl nitrate C ₂ H ₅ NO ₃ minus 62 -94.6 87.2 Ethyl propionate C ₅ H ₁₀ O ₂ minus 204 -73.9 99.1 Ethyl cellosolve * C ₄ H ₁₀ O ₂ minus 196 -70.0 135.6 Ethyl cellosolve acetate C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₃ minus 182 -61.7 156.3 * data not from [3]

The table shows the substances that under normal conditions (at ambient temperature plus 20 ° C) are in the liquid state of aggregation. However, in addition to liquid components, solid components that can dissolve well and quickly in used (including selected, as additional components) oxidizing agents or flammable substances under normal conditions can be used in the formation of VHF.

Typically, the proportion of GVP, in comparison with the oxidizing agent, in the stoichiometric mixture of GEM is small, because GNP has a significant negative oxygen balance. In order to increase the fraction of fuel in the recipe for liquid alcohol and lower its crystallization temperature, or increase its boiling point, the GNP in the liquid alcohol can be partially replaced by alcohols, ethers, glycols, nitro compounds or other fuels with a low crystallization temperature and / or high boiling point, subject to stoichiometric ratio of components. The choice in favor of a particular component should be made depending on the temperature conditions under which blasting is planned (very cold or extremely warm).

If necessary, additional oxidizing agents, for example, from the numbers presented in Table 1, can be added as additional components to the GWF formulation. These are substances with a positive oxygen balance: nitric acid, tetranitromethane. Nitric acid and tetranitromethane are mutually soluble. Tetranitromethane well dissolves nitrogen oxides, a mixture of equal volumes of these substances has a solidification temperature of minus 36 ° C [6].

Examples of formulations of explosives with additional components (combustible, oxidizing agents) for different blasting conditions, with a charge diameter of at least 36 mm, are given below.

1. Recipes of live rocket explosives (winter) for blasting at low temperatures (up to minus 30-35 ° С):

a) 42% diazot tetraoxide, 42% tetranitromethane, 1% nitric acid, 15% VLD-KB mixture ~ minus 1.5%;

b) 50% diazot tetraoxide, 1% GNP, 19% methanol, 30% methyl nitrate - CB mixture ~ minus 0.2%;

c) 45% diazot tetraoxide, 1% GNP, 9% methyl nitrate, 45% ethyl nitrate - CB mixture ~ minus 1.0%;

d) 20% diazot tetraoxide, 60% nitric acid, 5% nitrous acid, 15% VLD-KB mixture ~ plus 2.4%;

d) 25% diazot tetraoxide, 50% nitric acid, 1% tetranitromethane, 1% VLD, 23% ethanol - CB mixture ~ minus 2.2%.

2. Recipes of live explosives (summer) for blasting at elevated temperatures (up to plus 30-35 ° С):

a) 25% diazot tetraoxide, 20% nitric acid, 40% tetranitromethane, 15% GNP-KB mixture ~ minus 2.3%;

b) 30% diazot tetraoxide, 20% nitric acid, 35% tetranitromethane, 14% GNP, 5% nitromethane - CB mixture ~ minus 2.2%;

c) 20% diazot tetraoxide, 40% nitric acid, 1% GNP, 15% ethylene glycol, 24% dichloroethane - CB mixture ~ plus 0.6%;

d) 25% diazot tetraoxide, 55% nitric acid, 5% nitrous acid, 15% VLD - KB mixture ~ plus 2.8%;

d) 40% diazot tetraoxide, 1% GNP, 58% nitromethane, 1% acetic acid - KB mixture ~ plus 0.6%.

Of course, all substances selected as starting components must be chemically compatible with each other. It should be remembered that diazotetraoxide can enter the civil industry with impurities, to establish the composition and nature of which, especially in the field, is not always possible.

In this regard, regardless of the theoretical knowledge and experimental data obtained in laboratory conditions, in practice, before the manufacture of liquid substances for a specific formulation, all components used must be checked for chemical compatibility among themselves (all theoretically possible pairs and groups )

To initiate the formed life-threatening substances, both standard (factory) means of initiation (SI) and safe SI can be used [2]. However, upon the initiation of live poisoning, in the composition of which there is a significant excess of acid (pH << 7.0), SI should not be placed inside the live fat because this can lead to premature destruction of SR and, as a result, to failure of the explosion of the charge - to an emergency.

Literature

1. Pascal P. Explosives, gunpowder, war gases. L .: GOSHIMTEHIZDAT, Leningrad branch, 1932 - 224 p.

2. Dobrynin A.A. The experience of using a safe initiator of liquid explosives in blasting operations inside existing hydropower plants. International Conference "Shock Waves in Condensed Matter". Abstracts for reports. Novgorod, 2010 .-- S.121-124.

3. Chemical encyclopedic dictionary. Ch. ed. Knunyants I.L. M., "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1983, - 792 p.

4. Dubnov L.V., Bakharevich N.S., Romanov A.I. Industrial explosives. M., Nedra, 1988 .-- 358 p.

5. Pozdnyakov Z. G., Rossi B. D. Handbook of industrial explosives and explosives. M., Nedra, 1977, 253 pp.

6. Orlova E.Yu. Chemistry and technology of blasting explosives. Ed. 3rd, rev. L .: Chemistry, 1981. - 312 p.

Claims (2)

1. The method of forming a liquid explosive substance (LHV) from diazotetraoxide and liquid petroleum product, characterized in that during the manufacturing process, at the same time as liquid petroleum product and diazotetraoxide, an additional component or components are introduced into the mixture - combustible and / or oxidizing agents having a low melting point - below minus 28.5 ° С and / or a high boiling point - above 46.2 ° С, while the ratio of the components in the composition of the mineral substances is stoichiometric or not more than ± 10% of the zero oxygen balance. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture of diazotetraoxide and liquid oil with an additional component or components are prepared separately from each other and mixed together immediately before use of the liquid explosives.