RU245U1 - Solar lighting device - Google Patents

Abstract

A solar lighting device including a rotary screen equipped with a solar receiver and a screen rotation mechanism with a drive, characterized in that the screen is made with a curved shape of the solar receiver and is mounted on a support, convex and sequentially mounted on the optical axis of the solar receiver are introduced into the device between its focus and the illuminated area regulating lenses, while the convex lens is fixedly mounted, and the regulating lens is movable along the optical axis of the solar receiver.

Description

SOLAR LIGHTING DEVICE

The alleged invention relates to the field of construction, lighting and optical instrumentation, in particular, to systems for regulating the light flux and can be used in devices that contribute to the creation of a comfortable light environment in rooms and using solar radiation.

Currently, the problem of using environmentally friendly, affordable and cheap energy sources has become quite acute. A special place among such energy sources in terms of inexhaustibility and accessibility is solar energy. Devices currently used to control the light flux in rooms requiring additional lighting are not efficient enough and convenient for several reasons. So, additional natural lighting of such rooms requires the presence of additional devices such as curtains, protective shields, etc., which protect the room from the ingress of excessive solar radiation, and known devices cannot illuminate rooms located on the north side of the building and use for For this purpose, solar radiation,

A lighting device is known comprising light sources spaced equidistant from a 90 ° angle and flat mirrors placed opposite these rows at an angle of 45 to the optical axes of the light sources and installed so that the projection of the length of the mirror onto one of the rows of light sources is half the distance between these light sources (M {l, P21 V9 / 02, USSR, ed. svvdDo 626309, 1978).

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However, the known device uses several artificial light sources, which complicates its design and increases the cost, and the device itself does not provide uniform light control throughout the room and the brightness of the transmitted radiation is reduced to the required level when the room is lightened when the brightness of the radiation exceeds the required level and therefore, requires either regulation of the power of light sources, or the presence of protective, for example, curtain regulators.

The closest in technical essence (prototype) is a solar lighting device, including a rotary screen, mounted on the lower horizontal side of the frame of the opening and made of two articulated sections connected in series from the opening, of which is equipped with a solar receiver with energy-removing elements, with a protective coating, placed on the section of the screen farthest from the opening and made in the form of a shell having the shape of a truncated segment of a round torus of material with a highly reflecting infrared spectral range with the ability, and a screen rotation mechanism with a drive made in the form of telescopic consoles mounted on the back / smolder below the screen mount, while the energy-removing elements are passed through telescopic consoles (MKl.EobV 9/24, USSR, ed. No. 1560723, 1990).

However, the known device does not regulate the additional solar radiation supplied to the room from the solar collector, which can significantly exceed the required lighting, for example, normal working lighting (300 lux), especially in the summer, and can lead to a blinding effect, which requires protective devices (the presence of a similar device and a curtain regulator above the screen located in the light beam), and functions only if there is an optical protective coating of a special form.

Achievable new technical result of the proposed invention is to expand the functionality of the device by regulating the illumination of the plot with lenses.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known solar lighting device comprising a rotary screen equipped with a solar receiver, and a screen rotation mechanism with a drive, unlike the prototype, the screen is made with a curved shape of the solar receiver and mounted on a support, and sequentially mounted on an optical device are inserted into the device the axis of the solar receiver between its focus and the illuminated area is convex and regulating lenses, the convex lens being fixed, and the regulating lens with the possibility of moving along l the optical axis of the solar collector.

A schematic diagram of a solar lighting device is shown in Fig. 1,2 in various operating modes when using a collecting control lens, and in Fig. 3 - when using a scattering control lens.

The solar lighting device consists of a rotary screen I mounted on a support 2 and equipped with a solar receiver 3, made with a curved shape, a screen rotation mechanism with a drive 4 and sequentially mounted on the optical axis of the solar receiver between its focus 5 and the illuminated section b convex 7 and regulating 8 lenses moreover, the convex lens 7 is fixedly mounted, and the regulating 8 is movable along the optical axis of the solar receiver 3 using an optical bench 9.

As a solar receiver 3, a curved shape is used, for example, an optical element made of aluminum alloy AMG-b, processed according to standard technology, for example, by the method of free abrasive with the following optical parameters:

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Shape (/ And 2, shape error (/ In "0.5, optical purity (P) Y, radius of curvature (R) 4-35m.

As a screen rotation mechanism with a 4-drive, I use51YuT ,. for example, the mechanisms of tracking the sun, widely known in solar engineering, described in Bayer’s book T 20 of designs with solar cells, M .: Mir, 1987 or in ed., research center no. II9662I, Zhl. R24U2 / 38, USSR, 1984), the gearbox of which made with a reduction gear in the form, for example, of a reversible engine with a gearbox RD-09 478 (U 127v, 1A, L 478, / 7 2,5).

Optical conjugation of the sun through the solar receiver 3 with the corresponding illuminated area b is possible only if the screen moves with a speed lag compared to the movement of the sun That is, if the equinox moves the sun from east to west by 180, then the screen when tracking the sun for providing optical coupling with the illuminated area b will only move by 90 °, the screen Movement with delay relative to the speed of movement of the sun and achieve the presence in the rotation mechanism of the screen with the drive 4 reduct pa, provided with reduction gear.

As a convex lens 7, for example, collecting lenses with a thickness greater in the middle than at the edges, which may be biconvex, plane-convex and concave-convex lenses (H. Kuhling, Handbook of Physics, M .; Mir, 1985), are used. , p.275).

As the regulating lens 8, for example, a convex collecting lens described above or a concave diffusing lens with a lens thickness at the middle of less than the edges are used, for example, biconcave, flat-concave and convex lenses (H. Kuhling, Reference in Physics, Moscow: Mir, 1985, S.S., 275, 276).

On the rail of which there is a movement of the regulatory lens 8.

Solar lighting device operates as follows.

Install the screen I on the support 2 in a place that provides unhindered illumination of the solar receiver 3 with a curved reflective surface, which is an optical element yz; .. AMG-b with a radius of, for example, 4 m, solar radiation throughout the daylight hours, for example, on the roof of an adjacent north side of the illuminated area b (premises) of the house or in an open area, dka.

Consecutively mount the lens 7 and adjust the lenses 8 using the optical bench 9 on the optical axis connecting the solar receiver 3 and the illuminated area b (room) between the focus of the solar receiver 3 and the illuminated area (room) so that the adjusting lens 8 moves along the rail along the optical bench relatively motionless mounted convex lens 7.

When the level of natural illumination in section b (indoors) decreases below a certain level, determined, for example, by a light sensor installed in illuminated section b (indoors) or visually, the screen I is oriented towards the sun so that it is pre-optically paired with using an optical bench with the illuminated section b (room) through the convex 7 and 8 lenses that regulate 8, the solar receiver 3 emitted additional reflected radiation from it, illuminated section b (into the room), thereby increasing the illumination the security of the plot b (premises) to the required level,

To this end, a tracking sensor (not shown in FIG. A, 2) sends an electric signal through an electronic circuit to the screen rotation mechanism with drive 4, which moves the screen I in the azimuthal and zenithal planes towards the sun so that the solar radiation reflected from the solar receiver 3 through the convex 7 and regulating 8 lenses on the illuminated area b (room). how

ONLY the tracking sensor will occupy an optimal position with respect to the sun, in which the solar collector 3 reflects solar radiation to the corresponding illuminated section 6 (into the room), the signal from the tracking sensor ceases to be transmitted to the screen rotation mechanism with drive 4 and the screen stops moving.

In this case, the solar radiation reflected from the heliohornemic 3 after passing its focus through the convex lens 7 forms a parallel narrow beam of rays exceeding the diameter of the lens 7, and the regulating lens 8 is directed along the optical axis. If the convex lens 8 is installed collecting lens, then the parallel beam of rays after its passage will be focused at its focus, after which the beam of rays diverging after the focus of the concave collecting lens illuminates the corresponding section b (room) (figL, 2). If a concave scattering lens is installed as the regulating lens 8, then the parallel beam of rays after its passage will diverge and illuminate the corresponding section b (room) (Fig. C). In this case, the size of the spot of solar radiation incident on the illuminated area (or the light penetration of the room), after passing through the control lens 8, depends on the distance from the focus of the lens to the illuminated area b (room), if the lens is convex collecting (figL, 2), or from the lens itself 8 to the illuminated area b (room), if the lens is concave diffusing (Fig.Z).

So, if in the position of the regulatory lens shown in Fig. A, when the light spot occupies the full light penetration of the illuminated room b and all the solar radiation reflected from the solar receiver 3 falls into it, the light level sensor in the room b shows the excess of the light level over the required operating level, for example, 300 lux, and. causes a blinding effect, then the size

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the spots increase according to the signal from the light level sensor by moving the control lens 8 along the optical bench 9 to a greater distance from the illuminated room so that part of the spot extends beyond the light beam, and a smaller amount of radiation reflected from the solar receiver 3 gets into the light beam (Fig. 2), and so they take them to such a distance at which the level of illumination in room 6 decreases to the necessary working (300 lux) level, thereby eliminating the blinding effect. Similarly, for the illuminated area 6, when a larger radiation spot per unit area falls on it, naturally, a smaller amount of solar radiation reflected from the solar receiver 3 will fall.

With the next decrease in the level of illumination of the illuminated section b (room) as a result of a change in the position of the Sun (the solar radiation reflected from the solar receiver 3 from the light opening of the illuminated room (section 6) or part of it), the tracking sensor again sends an electrical signal through the electronic circuit to the screen rotation mechanism with drive 4, which moves the screen I in the azimuthal and zenithal planes towards the Sun, so that the solar radiation reflected from the solar receiver 3 again falls on the corresponding favoring svetoproem illuminated room (portion b). Such a movement of the screen I behind the sun is carried out for the entire time necessary to supply additional solar radiation to the natural illumination of area b (room), until the latter is insufficient to maintain normal illumination or until the sun disappears.

An electronic circuit transmitting an electric signal from photosensitive elements (FGT-3-02-0582 phototransistors) of a tracking sensor to a screen rotation mechanism with a drive 4 is described in Bayer’s book T 20 of designs with solar cells, M .: Mir, 1987, p.162- 172.

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Similarly, as described above, the normal level of illumination in the illuminated area b (room) is regulated during daylight hours by adjusting the size of the sunspot reflected from the solar receiver 3 and incident on the illuminated area b (light passage of the room) by moving the control lens 8 along the optical axis along the optical bench ,

The area, a; b of the solar receiver 3 used to illuminate area b (room), depends on the dimensions of the illuminated room and the distance to it. So, with the dimensions of the illuminated room 5x10x5 MVJ and the distance of the solar lighting device, the additional stage b (room) is from 50 to 230 m square, for the solar receiver 3 should. make from 0.1 to 0.8 m2 depending on the level of natural illumination of plot b (premises) (winter and summer periods, cloud cover).

The dimensions of lenses 7.8 depend on the distance of the convex lens 7 from the focus of the solar receiver and, the closer to the focus, the size of the convex lens 7 may be smaller to allow the beam of sunlight reflected from the solar receiver 3 to pass through, since the closer to the focus, where the beam is going to a point, the smaller the area of the diverging beam. Thus, the diameter of the lens 7.8 may not exceed 10 cm, which is especially important for reducing the dimensions of the lighting device as a whole and for the possibility of regulating the illumination, area b (room) using a small, light and easily moving, cheap regulatory lens 8 and convex lens 7.

The focal length of the lenses depends on the lens material and the curvature of the surfaces and is determined from the formula:

where 7 is the focal length of the lens;

-v is the radius of curvature of a more curved surface; 2 radius of curvature of a less curved surface.

Thus, the lenses are selected with a focal length, which ensures that, in the case of using a convex lens as a regulating lens 8, a spot is created that the beam scattered after the focus of the lens covers the entire area b (or light transmission of the room). The most optimal is the use as a regulatory lens 8 concave diffusing lens. In this case, there is no need to increase the distance between the illuminated section b and the lighting device by the focal length of the regulating lens 8. The curved shape of the solar receiver can be spherical, parabolic, etc., i.e. the surface collecting the reflected solar radiation in focus

Based on the foregoing achievable new technical result of the alleged invention is:

1. The expansion of the functionality of the device by regulating the illumination of the site (room) using a convex and regulatory lenses.

2. Ensuring a comfortable light environment in the illuminated area (indoors) due to the uniform distribution of the light flux through the regulating lens over the entire area of the area and the entire light path of the room of the necessary brightness, eliminating the blinding effect of solar radiation.

3. Improving the interior and decoration of the lighted room by removing the lighting device from the frame of the light opening. AUTHORS: (/ D;: - A.I. Shksyakov

V.N. Shchgleshaw

Claims (1)

A solar lighting device including a rotary screen equipped with a solar receiver and a screen rotation mechanism with a drive, characterized in that the screen is made with a curved shape of the solar receiver and is mounted on a support, convex and sequentially mounted on the optical axis of the solar receiver are introduced into the device between its focus and the illuminated area regulating lenses, while the convex lens is fixedly mounted, and the regulating lens is movable along the optical axis of the solar receiver.