RU2457677C2 - Device for sorting larvae and young sturgeons - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fish farming, in particular, to mechanisation of the sorting process of larvae and juvenile fish in artificial breeding in hatcheries. A device for sorting larvae and juvenile fish includes water supply system (1), a horizontal tray (4), a receiver (2) with the outlet (3) for unsorted fish, a tank to collect small fish and large fish (12, 13). The tray (4) has calibration slits with adjusting means for the passage of small fish. Above the tray (4) the lid (5) is placed. It is made narrowed towards the outlet of the tray (4) with an opening for receiving the fish (6). Adjusting devices are made in the form of screws (8). The screws (8) are located on the lid (5) above the entrance and exit from the tray (4). The device is equipped with gauge rails (7), outlet pipes (10, 11) and the sources of light (14).

EFFECT: increased efficiency of sorting of larvae and juvenile fish.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fish farming, and in particular to the mechanization of the process of sorting the larvae and juveniles of sturgeons during artificial cultivation at sturgeon hatcheries (ARI).

The transition to active nutrition is one of the important stages in the life of sturgeon fish. The first two weeks of this period are characterized by a spread in weight and size, accompanied by cannibalism and mass waste due to trauma, which often leads to significant losses (up to 30%) when the larvae grow to a standard weight. This is also facilitated by the lack of fish feed.

The determination of the daily norm of feeding is impossible without the correct determination of the total mass. Manual sorting during this period is difficult, time-consuming and time-consuming.

Known devices for sorting fish, designed to catch ponds with salable fish and representing various designs of rotating drums with sorting elements in the form of buckets (1, 2), cannot be used to sort larvae and juveniles, since the latter are easily injured in contact with structural elements.

A device for sorting live fish in a pool (3) is known, which comprises a frame with sorting partitions with the formation of an adjustable calibrated slot for the passage of small fish. The frame is equipped with rubber aprons, a strip of small-cell business, a cable and a winch. The device moves along the pool and cuts off the small fish passing through it from the large one, concentrating at the side wall, from where it is removed with the help of a fish pump.

The complexity of the design and the designation for separating large trout, prone to cannibalism, from small individuals do not allow it to be used for larvae and juveniles of sturgeon fish.

Sorting frames with different mesh sizes are known (4) for sorting channel catfish larvae. However, they are inconvenient in operation and inefficient.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect (prototype) is a sorting device (5), consisting of 3 components. The main part is a horizontal tray of aluminum rods, held on floats. The size of the openings (slots) of the sorting grate is regulated by levers. The device moves on a boat trailer and is designed to sort channel catfish yearlings at a speed of 136 kg / min. Fish and water are fed from the pond using a pumping system. Small and large fish are collected in different containers.

The described device is also unsuitable for the larvae and juveniles of sturgeon fish, as it involves the movement of the device on the surface of the pond, and sturgeons are kept at the bottom.

An object of the invention is to provide a device designed for larvae and juveniles of sturgeon fish, taking into account their features and thereby increasing the efficiency of sorting.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device includes a water supply system, a receiver with an outlet for unsorted fish, a horizontal tray, over which there is a lid made narrowed towards the exit from the tray with a hole for receiving fish, calibration slots with adjusting devices made in the form screws and located on the lid above the entrance and exit from the tray, for the passage of small fish, while the device is equipped with calibration rails, output pipes and light sources.

The design of the proposed device takes into account the structural features of the body of sturgeon fishes (body height correlating with mass), in accordance with which calibration slots are installed with adjusting screws. The reaction of young fish to light (phototaxis), which is quite pronounced during this period, is used to move the fish along the tray: the lid of the tray is narrowed toward the exit from the tray and penetrating light from light sources attracts fish.

The low activity of sturgeon fishes during this period is compensated by the speed of the water flow (“downhill” instinct is used), due to which the fish move in the right direction without mechanical contact with the structural elements of the device.

The invention is illustrated in figures 1 and 2.

Figure 1 presents the proposed device, General view; figure 2 - site adjustment of the calibration gap.

The device consists of a water supply system 1, a receiver for unsorted fish 2 with an outlet 3, a horizontal tray 4, a lid 5 with an opening for receiving fish 6, calibration rods 7 with adjustment screws 8, calibration slots 9, output pipes for small fish 10, output pipe for large fish 11, containers for collecting small fish 12, containers for large fish 13, light sources 14.

The device operates as follows. The flow rate of water in the tray 4 is set by maintaining the required water flow from the water supply system 1. Unsorted fish is loaded into the receiver 2, with a stream of water the fish through the outlet 3 enters the tray 4 through the receiving hole 6. Small fish attracted by light from light sources 14 , through the calibration slots 9 enters the open part of the tray 4, and then into the outlet pipes for small fish 10 and accumulates in the tanks 12. Large fish cannot pass through the calibration slots 9 and through the outlet pipe 11 enters the tank Large fish 13.

The calibration slots 9 on both sides of the tray 4 are adjusted using the adjusting screws 8, which raise or lower the calibration rails 7 to the required height corresponding to the maximum height of the body of small fish.

The cover 5 serves to darken the tray 4 between the calibration rails 7. This creates local illumination of the calibration slots 9 by the light sources 14 and stimulates small fish to move through the outlet pipes 10.

For the manufacture of the device is suitable, for example, food grade alloy steel.

The device is simple and convenient to use, the design of the tray allows larvae and juveniles to freely pass with water flow to the outlet pipes through calibration slots, additional equipment with light sources stimulates the exit.

The device allows you to qualitatively sort by size of larvae and juveniles of all types of sturgeon fish, to mechanize the whole process while ensuring the natural state of the fish in the water stream and minimal stress on the fish.

Claims (1)

A device for sorting larvae and juveniles of sturgeon fish, including a water supply system, a horizontal tray, calibration slots with adjusting devices for the passage of small fish and a container for collecting small and large fish, characterized in that the device has a receiver with an outlet for unsorted fish above the tray a lid is made narrowed towards the exit from the tray with an opening for receiving fish, adjusting devices are made in the form of screws and are located on the lid above the inlet and outlet of the tray, the device is equipped with a gauge rails, the outlet pipe and light sources.

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