RU2457664C1 - Method of beet tops harvesting with its plant ensilage and technological vehicle for harvesting beet tops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a group of agriculture. Method of harvesting beet tops with its ensilage involves cutting the tops with the top of the root, cleaning piles of the tops from impurities of soil, and loading the tops to the technological vehicle constantly moving between rows of sugar beet with uncut tops on the unharvested side next to the top harvester. After loading the tops are transported to a place of ensilage, followed by unloading by placing in a surface clamp by the layer on top of previously laid layers, with the tops are placed on the previous layer in the surface clamp by throwing it from the tailgate of a technological vehicle body, made in the form of carrier-thrower. The technological vehicle for harvesting beet tops contains a wheeled chassis, body with sideboards hingedly connected to the chassis frame, and hydraulic cylinder of its tilting for unloading, mounted hingedly between the chassis frame and the bodywork. The rear side of the body is designed as a carrier-thrower, the chassis wheels of which are made fit into beet inter-row spacings on width and track and arranged in two traces on the same track, which coincides with the track of the towing tractor. Part of wheels of them are made of pivoted flap type and mounted on lever suspensions, and the chassis frame is equipped with a trailer needle and is adapted to connect to the tractor through its hitch attachment according to the scheme of the semitrailer.

EFFECT: group of inventions simplifies and improves the process of harvesting sugar beet tops.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method of harvesting tops with its siloing, to a technological vehicle for implementing the method, for example, by an aggregate: MTZ-80 tractor + BM-6 topper [1, p.119, Table 22], and MTZ-80 + tractor trailer type 2PTS-4M model 887B [2, p. 8, table 1, p. 32 ... 34, fig. 20], and other units.

A known method of harvesting beet tops with its silage, including cutting tops together with the top of the root crop, cleaning the heap of tops from soil impurities and loading it into a technological vehicle moving next to the top harvesting machine, for example, from [3, p.10, Fig. 4 ]; from [4, p. 53 ... 61: p. 54, paragraph 1, 2 above, tab. 34, items 2 and 3; p.56, paragraph 3 above; p.61 p.3], and also according to SU 16051 [5] - the closest analogue of the method.

The disadvantages of this method are that:

A) The tops of the tops are loaded into a vehicle moving along a strip of field of a harvested root harvesting machine following the tops of the tops. Technical and technological failures of one of these machines, as well as delays in vehicles arriving under loading at one of them for a period of more than several minutes, lead to the stop of the other machine. In this way, it is not intended to be ahead of the root harvester by more than one circle (two headers) in the same heading. Otherwise, due to the increased windage of the tops being loaded into the trailer, part of it clogs the field strip with uncleaned root crops, which is unacceptable, since this affects the quality of the harvesting machine, especially with increased soil moisture.

B) The tops of the vehicle are unloaded directly at the ground pile of silage tops. The unloaded portion of the tops is moved with a caterpillar bulldozer to the previously laid in the shoulder. Caterpillars bring soil into the pile, which has become muddy around the pile in the dirt from the squeezed juice of silage leaves.

The objective and technical result of the invention of the method:

a) the possibility of advancing the work of the harvesting unit for a given number of ruts and time;

b) the ability to unload the tops directly from the vehicle immediately into the pile without a bulldozer and pollution.

This task and technical result are achieved by the fact that in the method for harvesting beet tops with its silage, including cutting tops together with the top of the root crop, cleaning the tops of hemp from soil impurities and loading it into a technological vehicle moving next to the top harvesting machine, in accordance with the invention the tops are loaded into a technological vehicle, constantly moving along beet rows between rows with uncut tops on the side of an uncleaned field; after loading, the tops are transported to the place of silo then unloading by laying in a ground collar with a layer on top of previously laid layers, while the tops are laid on the previous layer in a ground collar by throwing it from the rear side of a technological vehicle, made in the form of a conveyor-thrower.

Due to such signs, the top and root harvesting machines less mutually delay work during technological and technical failures of one of them, as well as due to delays in the arrival of vehicles for loading. A bulldozer does not make land into the pile of silage tops. Since the beet tops are quickly self-sealing [4, p. 53, paragraph 1 below, p. 54, paragraph 1 above], then compaction of it with a tractor is unnecessary.

Known technological vehicles for harvesting beet tops, containing a wheeled chassis, a body with sides, pivotally connected to the chassis frame and a tipping hydraulic cylinder for unloading, pivotally mounted between the chassis frame and the body, for example, a trailer of type 2PTS-4M model 887B [2, p .8, table 1, p.32 ... 34, fig. 20]; and also according to RU 2104630 [6] - the closest analogue of the claimed device.

Its disadvantage is that the tops are unloaded from it to the surface of the field, and they are moved to the silage pile with a bulldozer. Therefore, the caterpillars of the bulldozer, and it happens, and with its shovel, drive the ground into the tops, which worsens the silo. For quick unloading, the tailgate is removed, thereby reducing the capacity of the body.

The disadvantage is that vehicles whose wheels fit into beet spacing have a relatively small load capacity and a small body volume, for example, a trailer like 2PTS-4M model 887B [2, p. 8, table 1]. They are used for transportation of tops from the top harvesting machine to the place of silage because when breaking the beet plantation into corners [7, p. 164 ... 169, Fig. 52, 53], which is carried out during the whole harvest season, almost every day, under economic conditions , the narrow wheels of such trailers do not damage root crops in rows adjacent to the rut. Wheels of trailers of greater carrying capacity in beet spacing are not placed and root crops are damaged. For harvesting the tops do not use them.

The objective and technical result of the invention:

a) unloading the tops in the pile directly from the vehicle without adding land to the tops;

b) a vehicle of increased carrying capacity and increased body volume, whose wheel drive fits into beet spacing and is convenient for maneuvering in reverse no worse than with a semi-trailer.

This task and technical result are achieved by the fact that in a technological vehicle for harvesting beet tops containing a wheeled chassis, a body with sides connected hinged to the chassis frame and a tipping hydraulic cylinder for unloading mounted hinged between the chassis frame and the body, in accordance with the invention, the rear side of the body is made in the form of a conveyor-thrower, the chassis wheels of which are made fit into the beet row spacing in width and track and are located in two tracks on the same track, with falling onto the track of the towing tractor, and some of the wheels of them are made of a weather vane type and mounted on link suspensions, and the chassis frame is equipped with a trailed grip and is able to be connected to the tractor by means of its mounted device according to the semitrailer scheme.

Thanks to this, the tops are fed to the silo collar with a conveyor-thrower directly from the body of a sufficiently large carrying capacity with the possibility of maneuvering in reverse, as with a semi-trailer.

A technologically advanced vehicle (hereinafter referred to as a semi-trailer) is arranged, for example, as follows.

Figure 1 schematically depicts a semi-trailer in the position of feeding the tops of the conveyor-thrower in the shoulder.

Figure 2 schematically shows a weather vane mounted on a linkage.

Figure 3 shows a simplified towing hook and a frame connecting it to the levers of the tractor attachment.

Figure 4 shows two internal links with shelves of the plate of the outer link of the conveyor belt thrower belt chain.

Figure 5 shows the scraper-blade of the conveyor-thrower.

Symbols in figure 1, 2, 3, 4, 5:

1 - chassis frame of the semi-trailer (hereinafter frame),

2 - trailed grip, for example, in the vice of a pipe of rectangular cross section, rigidly connected to the frame 1 (hereinafter referred to as the gland),

3 - semitrailer body: length 4 ... 5 m, width between sides 2.5 m, floor height 1 m, side height 3 m; the capacity of the body is 6 ... 7.5 tons of beet tops (hereinafter referred to as the body),

4 - axial lines of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder in the position of its mini- and maximum length (hereinafter the cylinder),

5 - towing hook (hereinafter hook),

6 - frame with a hook 5 connected to the tractor according to the scheme of a three-point linkage (hereinafter frame),

7 - removable tailgate, made in the form of a conveyor-thrower tops (hereinafter the thrower),

8 - chassis wheel with an aircraft tire 470 × 210 mm, operating pressure 0.35 MPa, parking load 1150.0 kg, maximum allowable load 4500.0 kg, speed up to 185 km / h [8, p.149, table 6.17] , (hereinafter wheel),

9 - vane axis with a fork for mounting the wheel 8 (hereinafter referred to as a weather vane),

10 - the body of the weather vane 9 (hereinafter the body),

11 - the articulated lever of the four-link suspension of the housing 10 and the wheel 8 to the frame 1 (hereinafter the lever),

12 - torsion bar, rigidly connected to the lever 11 and located across the frame 1 (hereinafter torsion bar),

13 - shock absorber,

14 - conveyor belt thrower 7, assembled on four endless chains with a distance of 800 mm between the middle of these chains, with a total width of 2462 mm, taking into account the width of the chain itself (hereinafter tape),

15 - internal chain link PR-44,45-17240, GOST 13568-75, breaking strength 172.4 kN, [9, p.10, table 1], (hereinafter link),

16 - with two holes in the bent shelf pair of non-standard plates of the outer chain link (hereinafter link),

17 - scraper-blade, tape 14, the length of the blade 44.45 × 6-16.7 = 250 mm (hereinafter the blade),

18 - the cross member of the blade 17 from the corner 80 × 50 × 5 with 4 holes for attaching to them link 16 (hereinafter the cross member),

19 - the chipper, welded to the cross member 18 (hereinafter the chipper),

20 - bearing rib welded to the cross member 18, the last of them under the load lies on the shelves of the links 16 (hereinafter rib),

21 - shoulder silage beet tops. The bulk weight of the tops before self-sealing is 0.3 t / m ³ .

Frame 1 with a body 3 and a cylinder 4 pivotally mounted between the frame and the body, with a snap 2 is connected to the rods of the mounted device with the tractor grip weight enlarger activated by means of a hook 5 and frame 6. Instead of the usual (in the form of a shield on hinges) rear side, a thrower 7 with the drive of its conveyor belt on-board transmission of the semi-trailer from the power take-off shaft (hereinafter PTO) of the tractor. The frame of the semi-trailer rests on ten wheels 8 on a track of 1800 mm. The working pressure in the tire tires is the same as in the running wheels of the BM-6A topper, 0.35 MPa [10, p. 7, p. 2.8]. The axis of each wheel is mounted in the fork of the weather vane 9, whose casing 10 is connected by the upper and lower levers 11 to the frame 1 by means of two torsion bars 12 and a shock absorber 13.

The thrower 7 contains a tape 14, four endless chains of which consist of links 15 and 16, and at the extreme chains the link 16 contains only one non-standard plate with a bent shelf, and the second plate of this link is standard. The chain of the tape cover the shaft with the drive sprockets, tension and supporting rollers, which are mounted on the frame of the thrower, attached to the body 3 rigidly. The thrower chains are interconnected by blades 17, consisting of toppers 19 and ribs 20 welded to the cross member 18. The blades 17 are located so that the toppers 19 are located in front of the ribs 20 along the belt rotation. The ends of the blades 17 bend around the upper sprockets with the number of teeth Z = 10 and drop (throw) the tops from the speed up to 17 m / s at a chain speed of up to 5 m / s.

Work with a semi-trailer is performed, for example, as follows.

Let it be necessary to harvest sugar beets with separate harvesting machines of the BM-6 + KS-6 type [1, p.116 ... 148] with the simultaneous siloing of tops. The first lap of each new paddock runs from the butt spacing. The tops are loaded into the semi-trailer described above moving next to the tops harvester. Next, the paddock is removed, for example, dumped and the tops are loaded into a semitrailer, moving on all wheels with wheels along the aisles of the uncleaned part of the paddock next to the tops The tops are filled with a semitrailer to the place of land siloing, for example, on the edge of the field to the side of the ruts [1, p.118, fig. 57]; [4, p. 53, paragraph 1 below ... p. 54, paragraph 1, 2 above; p.56, paragraph 3 above]. Each semitrailer (except the first one) is unloaded onto the previous layer of tops in the pile and at the same time the shoulder is somewhat lengthened, but so that the height of the freshly laid shoulder is at least 2.5 m. Sprayed part of the shoulder is sprayed with a preservative, for example, AAZ [4, p. 59 , paragraph 1 from the bottom ... p.60, paragraph 1 from the top], and also cover with straw using the same semi-trailer. The number of semitrailers for harvesting tops is determined, for example, according to the table [10, p. table 4].

The tops, which do not fall into the body of the semitrailer due to increased sailing and for other reasons, fall on the rows of uncleaned tops and they are picked up together with the newly cut in the next pass of the top of the harvesting unit. Rows of root crops with cut tops therefore do not clog. In this case, a very energy-intensive and environmentally undesirable cleaner of both rows and row spacings from the remains of tops [10, p. 18, Fig. 8] is not needed at all.

The semitrailer is used for transportation of goods all year round, but with the usual side instead of a thrower.

So, the tops to the silage collar are served by a conveyor-thrower directly from the body of a sufficiently large carrying capacity with the possibility of maneuvering in reverse, as with a semi-trailer. A bulldozer is not needed.

Information sources

1. Machines for beet farming. Ed. A.G. Tsymbala and Yu.I. Kovtun. M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1976 .-- 368 p.

2. Markitanov V.I., Andreev V.A. Operation and repair of tractor trailers. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1985 .-- 224 p. (see Attachment).

3. Handbook for the operation of beet harvesting complexes. A.M. Mazurenko et al. - K .: Harvest, 1963 .-- 90 p. (see Attachment).

4. Vykoristannya gichki tsukrovih beetles at the age of the creatures. T.V. Gorb and Inshi. - K .: Holding the URSR. 1963 .-- 90 s. (see Attachment).

5. SU 160051. Beet harvester for harvesting sugar beets. Description of the invention. Publ. 01/14/1964. - 2 c.

6. RU 2104630. Root-club harvesting unit I. G. Mukhina. Description of the invention. Publ. 02.20.1998.

7. Operational technology for the cultivation of sugar beets. B.C. Glukhovsky and others .-- K .: Harvest, 1988 .-- 240 p.

8. Alexandrov A.A. Handbook of aviation materials and technology for their application. M .: Transport, 1979.- 264 p.

9. Gotovtsev A.A. and others. Design of chain gears. Directory. - 2nd ed. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1982. - 336 p.

10. Haulm BM-6A. Technical description and instruction manual. Ternopil. Obl. 1961, 89 p.

Claims (2)

1. A method of harvesting beet tops with its silage, including cutting the tops together with the root of the root crop, cleaning the heap of tops from soil impurities and loading it into a technological vehicle moving next to the top-harvesting machine, characterized in that the tops are loaded into a technological vehicle, constantly moving along beet rows between rows with uncut tops on the side of an uncleaned field, after loading the tops are transported to the place of silage with subsequent unloading by laying in a ground pile with lay on top of previously laid layers, while the tops are laid on the previous layer in a ground pile by throwing it from the rear side of the technological vehicle body, made in the form of a conveyor-thrower. 2. Technological vehicle for harvesting beet tops, containing a wheeled chassis, a body with sides, pivotally connected to the chassis frame and a tipping hydraulic cylinder for unloading, pivotally mounted between the chassis frame and the body, characterized in that the rear side of the body is made in the form of a conveyor a thrower, the chassis wheels of which are fitted into the beet row spacing in width and track and are located in two tracks on the same track, which coincides with the track of the towing tractor, some of the wheels of them made of weather vane type and mounted on link suspensions, and the chassis frame is equipped with a trailed spoke and is made with the possibility of connection with the tractor by means of its mounted device according to the scheme of the semi-trailer.

Images