RU2456672C1 - Educational apparatus for demonstrating deformation of bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: beam is placed on a post and attached to it by one end. A torsional deformer is attached at the other end of the bar which freely pass through a hole in the post. Two lateral deformers are mounted on the post. A rod is attached to the post by both ends, cut across and lined by an elastic film. A shearing deformer is placed on the rod near the cut. A wrinkling deformer is placed on the post with possibility of contact with a spherical body attached to the post.

EFFECT: enabling demonstration of all basic types of deformation of bodies.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of educational and visual aids used in the educational process when studying the resistance of materials to demonstrate various deformations of parts of artificial structures, machines and other bodies.

A device for demonstrating deformation of a beam is known, comprising a stand, a beam mounted on it, fastened at one end to the stand, and also a transverse deformer acting on the beam (Volmir A.S., Grigoryev Yu.P., Maryin V.A., Stankevich A .I. Resistance of materials. Laboratory workshop. - M.: Bustard, 2004. - P.218, Fig. 5.50). This device has a significant drawback, consisting in the possibility of demonstrating only one type of deformation - oblique transverse bending, which significantly reduces the efficiency and visibility.

Closest to the claimed device is a training device for demonstrating deformations of a beam, comprising a stand, a beam mounted on it, fastened at one end to the stand, and transverse deformers mounted at the stand, and a torsional deformer fastened to the other end of the beam (Volmir A.S. ., Grigoryev Yu.P., Maryin V.A., Stankevich A.I. Material resistance.Laboratory workshop. - M .: Drofa, 2004. - P.33, Fig. 1.8). The efficiency and visibility of this device is enhanced by the ability to demonstrate torsional deformation in addition to bending deformation. However, it is not possible to demonstrate strain-compression, longitudinal bending, shear and collapse.

The objective of the invention is the expansion of the functionality and visibility of the device.

The technical result is achieved by a training device for demonstrating deformations of bodies, comprising a rack, a beam mounted on it, fastened at one end to the rack, and two transverse deformers installed at the rack, and a torsion deformer fastened to the other end of the beam, freely passed through the hole in the rack, has the feature that it additionally contains a rod, fastened to the rack with both ends, cut across and covered with an elastic film, a shifting deformer installed on the rod near the cut, a spherical body bonded to the column, a crushing deformer mounted on the column with the possibility of contact with the spherical body.

New in comparison with the prototype in the proposed device are:

- new structural elements:

kernel,

spherical body

shear deformer

crushing deformer;

- new implementation of the structural element:

the rod is made cut across and covered with an elastic film;

- a new relationship between structural elements:

the rod is fastened at both ends with a stand,

a shear deformer is mounted on the rod near the cut,

the crushing deformer is mounted on a rack with the possibility of contact with a spherical body.

Thus, according to the authors, the proposal is new in comparison with the prototype, since it is not known from the prior art. The proposal, according to the authors, has an inventive step, since it does not explicitly follow from the prior art for specialists and cannot be developed using well-known methods, techniques, rules and techniques for calculating, designing and constructing machines and their mechanisms.

The proposed technical solution is illustrated by the structural design of the device.

According to the proposal, the training device for demonstrating deformations of bodies (see the drawing) contains a rack 1 and a beam 2 mounted on it, which is made, in particular, of elastic material and on whose surface a coordinate grid is applied in the form of bright longitudinal and transverse stripes. At one end (lower), the beam 2 is fastened to the stand 1. On the cross members 3 and 4, which are mounted on the vertical bars 5 of the stand 1, transverse deformers 6 and 7 are installed for bending the beam 2, made, in particular, in the form of sliders movable relative to the cross members 3 and 4. The torsional deformer 8, made in the form of a transverse pin, is fixedly connected to the other end (upper) of the beam 2, which is freely passed through the hole 9 in the crosspiece 10 of the rack 1. The device is equipped with a rod 11, fastened at one end to the rack 1 and the other end with protrusion 12 on pop rechine 4. The rod 11 is cut transversely and covered with the elastic film 13. On the rod 11 and the foil 13 applied bright longitudinal strips. On the rod 11 near the cut mounted shift deformer 14, made in the form of a pin. The device is equipped with a spherical body 15 fixedly connected to the protrusion 16 of the rack 1 on the side opposite to the rod 11. Bright concentric circles are applied to the surface of the spherical body 15. With a spherical body 15 is contacted by a crushing deformer 17, made in the form of a strip, movably connected to the protrusion 18 of the rack 1 with the possibility of displacement relative to the protrusion 18, in particular, with the possibility of rotation.

The proposed training device for demonstrating deformations of bodies works as follows. By pressing on the upper end of the beam 2 or acting on it in the opposite direction, compression and tensile deformations of the beam 2 are shown. By pressing strongly on the upper end of the beam 2, they show a deformation of longitudinal bending. The torsion deformation of the beam 2 is carried out using a torsional deformer 8. By pressing alternately or simultaneously on the transverse deformers 6 and 7, deformations of the flat or oblique bending of the beam 2 are shown. The distortion of the coordinate grid deposited on the surface of the beam 2, judge the nature of the deformation of its surface layers. By clicking on the shear deformer 14, shear deformation of the rod 11 is demonstrated. The elastic film 13 increases the visual effect, allowing parts of the rod 11 to be shifted by a visible amount. Acting with the help of a crushing deformer 17 on the spherical body 15, the deformation of the collapse of the spherical body 15 is demonstrated.

Thus, the proposal expands the functionality and visibility of the device, allowing you to demonstrate all the main types of deformations of bodies.

The proposed training device during testing showed its efficiency and the ability to achieve a technical result. Thus, the proposal, according to the authors, has industrial applicability.

Claims (1)

A training device for demonstrating deformations of bodies, comprising a rack, a beam mounted on it, fastened at one end to the rack, two transverse deformers mounted on the rack, and a torsion deformer fastened at the other end of the beam, freely passed through the hole in the rack, characterized in that it additionally contains a rod, fastened to the stand by both ends, cut across and covered with an elastic film, a shear deformer mounted on the rod near the cut, a spherical body, bonded to the stand and a crushing deformer mounted on a rack with the possibility of contact with a spherical body.