RU2454505C1 - Device to ram pits for foundations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: device to ram pits for foundations includes a cylindrical vessel with a tail in the upper part, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated cone with a large lower base, having channels along the perimetre that expand upwards and a transition part with a cross section, which is smaller than the cross section of the cylindrical vessel, where a tip is installed, as well as a calibrating element arranged in the form of semicircles installed as capable of rotation along a vertical line. The tip is made as movable and capable of displacement along a vertical line and is hingedly connected to the calibrating element, which has channels expanding outside in the upper part.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, reduced energy intensity of a device.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to construction, namely, equipment for soil compaction and the formation of pits during the construction of foundations.

A device is known for the formation of foundation pits for foundations, comprising a housing associated with its lifting mechanism (USSR author's certificate N 182066, class E02D 17/00, 1965).

The disadvantage of this device is the high complexity of its operation.

A device is known for tamping foundation pits for foundations, including a cylindrical body with a shank in the upper part, with widening channels extending upward along the perimeter and with a tip in the lower part (USSR author's certificate N 1460170, class E21B 7/24, 1987).

The disadvantage of this device is the low productivity and significant energy intensity of the process, since considerable effort is spent on removing the device from the ground, especially at the time of separation. At the same time, the integrity of the walls of the pit is violated, the soil crumbles, the well loses its shape, which leads to overuse of concrete poured into it to form the foundation, and negatively affects its quality.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed device is a device for stamping pits under the foundations. The device comprises a cylindrical body with a shank in the upper part. In the lower part of the case there are channels expanding upwards along the perimeter. At the bottom of the device there is a tip, fixedly mounted on the transitional part. The calibration element is made in the form of half rings mounted on the transitional part with the possibility of rotation (RF patent No. 2036269, IPC E02D 3/046, E02D 7/00, publ. 05.27.1995).

The disadvantage of this device is the high complexity due to the need to manually clean the transitional part from the accumulated soil with a stop of the device, thereby reducing its performance.

A fixed tip with a calibration element holds the soil in the transitional part of the device at the time of its rise, thereby the calibration element remains clamped soil in its highest position, and during the working stroke of the device prevents the outflow of air from under the device, which leads to compression of the air, which dampens the force impact of the device, complicating the compaction of deep and large sections of pits. This requires an increase in the number of strokes, thereby increasing the energy consumption of the device.

The disadvantages of this device are also low productivity and significant energy consumption of the process.

The object of the invention is to increase productivity, reduce energy intensity.

This object is achieved in that the device for stamping pits under the foundations includes a cylindrical body with a shank in the upper part. The lower part of the cylindrical body is made in the form of a truncated cone with a large lower base having channels extending upward along the perimeter, and a transition part with a cross section smaller than the cross section of the cylindrical body. A tip and a calibration element, made in the form of half rings mounted with the possibility of rotation vertically, are fixed on the transitional part. The tip is movable vertically and pivotally connected to a calibration element, which in the upper part has channels expanding outward.

The expanding channels in the truncated cone and the expanding channels of the calibration element are deployed at the same angle to the vertical axis of the device.

The execution of the tip movable with the ability to move vertically, as well as pivotally connected to the calibration element, allows the tip to be lifted downward by force of gravity at the beginning of lifting the device and forced to move down the calibration element. This mutual movement of the tip and the calibration element allows you to dump the accumulated soil in their area and freely rise to the upper position. This provides simultaneous mechanical cleaning of the accumulated soil, eliminating the downtime of the device for manual cleaning, thereby increasing the productivity of the device.

The fall of the device until the moving tip comes into contact with the bottom of the pit allows the tip, being in its lowest position, to hold the calibration element also in its lowest position due to their articulation, without interfering with the quick unhindered outflow of air from under the device.

This eliminates the air compression under the discharge device, while maintaining its impact force, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the device.

The implementation of the calibration element in the upper part with expanding outward channels provides an additional discharge of compressed air from the transitional part at the time of the impact of the tip on the bottom of the pit.

The implementation of expanding channels deployed at the same angle to the vertical in the truncated cone of the body and expanding channels in the upper part of the calibration device provides additional air outflow from under the falling device and the device rotates around its axis, thereby improving the quality of cleaning the walls of the pit and reducing energy consumption at the time of separation of the tip from the ground.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the device;

Figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1 during the rise and free fall of the device;

figure 4 is a section bB in figure 1 at the time of impact of the device in the soil of the pit.

A device for ramming foundation pits contains a cylindrical body 1 with a shank in the upper part 2. The lower part of the cylindrical body is made in the form of a truncated cone 3 with a large lower base having channels 4 extending upward along the perimeter.

In the lower part of the device there is a movable tip 5 with the ability to move vertically in the groove 11 of the transitional part 6 of the device with a cross section smaller than the cross section of the cylindrical body. The tip 5 is connected to the calibration element 7 by a hinge 8. The calibration element 7 is made in the form of half rings mounted on the transitional part 6 with the possibility of rotation vertically on the axis 10. In the upper part of the calibration element 7 there are outwardly expanding channels 9.

The expanding channels 4 in the truncated cone 3 and the expanding channels 9 of the calibration element 7 are deployed at the same angle to the vertical axis of the device.

The device operates as follows.

The device is installed on the axis of the foundation pit, after which the foundation pit is rammed by repeated hits of the device. When the device falls, the movable tip 5 before hitting the ground under its own weight is in its lowest position (figure 3). Through swivel joints 8, he holds the calibration element 7 also in its lowest position. In this position, the calibration element 7 does not overlap the gap between the device and the walls of the pit. The compressed air under the falling device through the channels 4 in the lower part of the truncated cone and the gap between the device and the walls of the pit freely leaves without creating compression, while the impact force of the device is preserved. When the movable tip 5 hits the bottom of the pit, it moves to its highest position and, through the hinge 8, raises the calibration element 7 also to its highest position (Fig. 4). Compressed air at this moment from the zone of the transitional part 6 leaves through the expanding channels 9 of the calibration element 7, deployed at an angle to the vertical. The raised calibration element 7 expands the pit by a diameter larger than the diameter of the device, which ensures its free rise.

When lifting the device, the tip 5 under the influence of its own weight and due to its mobility lowers down and pivots 8 forcibly lowers the calibration element to its lowest position (Fig. 3). This joint movement removes the accumulated soil in their area. The calibration element 7 in the period of lifting and dumping the tamper until the tip 5 touches the lower part of the pit is in its lowest position.

The implementation of the expanding channels 4 in a truncated cone 3 and expanding channels 9 of the calibration element 7 deployed at the same angle to the vertical axis of the device additionally contributes to the rotation of the device, which provides less resistance when lifting and high-quality cleaning of the surface of the walls of the pit.

Concrete is laid in these ramming ditches and foundations are ready on any soil (bulk, swelling, subsidence) without earthmoving, without backfilling, without precast concrete, without the operation of truck cranes and vehicles.

With various modifications of the device, depending on the diameter, weight and height of the discharge, it is possible to tamp pits under the foundations of different sections with different bearing capacity to any laying depth for different buildings and structures, thereby expanding the functionality of the device.

Claims (2)

1. A device for stamping pits for foundations, including a cylindrical body with a shank in the upper part, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated cone with a large lower base having channels extending upwards along the perimeter, and a transitional part with a cross section smaller than the cross section of the cylindrical body on which the tip and the calibration element are mounted, made in the form of half rings, mounted with the possibility of rotation vertically, characterized in that the tip is made movable with the ability to move vertically and pivotally connected to a calibration element, which in the upper part has channels expanding outward. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the expanding channels in the truncated cone and the expanding channels of the calibration element are deployed at the same angle to the vertical axis of the device.

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