RU2451880C2 - Method to process carbon-containing solid substances by method of quick pyrolysis (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method for non-waste processing of carbon-containing solid substances, such as waste wood, differing by the fact that wastes are dried at the temperature of not more than 160°C to the moisture of not more than 3%, at the same time the produced steam and air mixture is cleaned and discharged, dried waste wood is exposed to subsequent quick pyrolysis in a reactor without oxygen access at the temperature of 520-830°C for at least 5 sec, and the produced pyrolysis gas via a heat exchanger is sent to a system of condensation for separation into liquid fuel and synthesis gas, at the same time the heat exchanger serves to transfer a part of thermal energy of pyrolysis gas for drying process. Both versions of the method are characterised, used for processing of coals and wastes of coal production, slates, or domestic and industrial wastes, including agricultural wastes.

EFFECT: improved ecological cleanless of a processing method, reduced heat losses into environment.

4 cl, 1 dwg, 5 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing carbon-containing solids, industrial wastes of various sectors of the economy into alternative energy resources used for both industrial and domestic needs.

The prior art method of processing peat according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2259385 for the invention (published on 08.27.2005), carried out by two-stage heating of peat with the subsequent production of gaseous and solid components. At the first stage, peat is dried to a moisture content of not more than 15% by feeding it portionwise at 350-1050 g / s and heating to a temperature of 120 ± 5 ° C. The resulting steam and flue gases are cleaned and discharged. In the second stage, the solid residue is heated to a temperature of 520-530 ° C without oxygen for 1-6 seconds, then it is cooled and the resulting pyrogas is condensed until liquid fuel is formed. The well-known technical solution allows to optimize the process of peat processing, reduce energy and material costs while increasing productivity and efficiency of using peat, as well as to realize the possibility of practically waste-free, environmentally friendly peat processing.

Having obvious advantages, the known solution, however, has a narrow focus as a disadvantage, i.e. the impossibility of its use for the processing of materials other than peat. The problem solved by the authors when creating the proposed processing method consists in expanding its functional capabilities by using for processing other raw materials than peat - shale, brown and hard coal, wood waste, waste from the coal processing industry, waste from the agro-industrial complex, as well as solid industrial and household waste.

The technical result achieved in solving this problem is to obtain alternative energy resources in the form of: synthetic oil (liquid pyrolysis fuel) - an analog of natural oil, synthesis gas - an analog of natural gas, high-carbon material (VUM) - an analog of industrial coke, thermal energy (superheated steam and hot water) is an analogue of the thermal energy of thermal power plants, which in terms of their physical characteristics and properties are not only inferior, but also superior to their traditional counterparts (oil, natural gas, gol, etc.), and the process of their production is associated with a significant reduction in energy and material costs per unit of production (compared with traditional energy resources), the practical waste-free production, the ecological cleanliness of production, and a decrease in heat loss to the environment.

Another technical result is the ability to use by enterprises of any industry and agriculture, including housing and communal services, this method of producing alternative energy sources, in order to reduce their production costs and, accordingly, increase the competitive ability of final goods and services both in the domestic market and in the external . This opportunity is especially relevant for regions of the Russian Federation that import traditional energy resources for the winter.

Another technical result of this method of processing raw materials is the possibility of recycling solid industrial and household waste, including agricultural waste, not only from the point of view of reducing (by an order of magnitude or more) the volumetric parameters of waste (a significant reduction in the area of landfill dumps), but also the use of quick pyrolysis products for their production and domestic purposes as sources of energy resources, as well as building on the basis of this possibility self-sustaining recycling facilities It is one that (in turn) leads to a significant reduction in the cost of final commodity products (services) of enterprises of the Russian economy.

To achieve the result in the claimed variants of the non-waste processing method for carbon-containing solid substances such as wood waste, coal or coal waste (hard or brown coal, coal sludge), shale, solid household and industrial waste (including agricultural waste: straw , litter, bird droppings, manure, tops, cake, solid residues of sugarcane, etc.), respectively, it is proposed:

for wood waste - the waste is dried at a temperature of not more than 160 ° C to a moisture content of not more than 3%, while the resulting steam-air mixture is cleaned and removed, the dried wood waste is subjected to subsequent rapid pyrolysis without oxygen at a temperature of 520-830 ° C for no more 5 s, and the resulting pyrolysis gas is condensed before separation into liquid fuel and synthesis gas;

for coal or coal production waste - the processed product is dried at a temperature of not more than 175 ° C to a moisture content of not more than 2.0%, while the resulting steam-air mixture is cleaned and removed, the dried material is subjected to subsequent rapid pyrolysis without oxygen at a temperature of 620-950 ° C for no more than 5 s, and the resulting pyrolysis gas is condensed before separation into liquid fuel and synthesis gas;

for shale, the initial product is dried at a temperature of not more than 155 ° C to a moisture content of not more than 2.0%, while the resulting vapor-air mixture is cleaned and removed, the dried material is subjected to subsequent rapid pyrolysis without oxygen at temperatures of 570-870 ° C for not more than 5 s, and the resulting pyrolysis gas is condensed before separation into liquid fuel and synthesis gas;

for solid household and industrial waste, including agricultural waste - the waste is dried at a temperature of not more than 170 ° C to a moisture content of not more than 2.0%, while the resulting steam-air mixture is cleaned and discharged, and the dried material is subjected to subsequent rapid pyrolysis without oxygen at temperatures of 570-950 ° C for no more than 5 s, and then the resulting pyrolysis gas is condensed before separation into liquid fuel and synthesis gas.

The developed technology is based on the process of thermal degradation of carbon-containing starting materials (including various industrial and domestic wastes), and its theoretical base is described by the theory of phase transitions, when exothermic reactions in the system are much higher than endothermic ones, which, as a result, leads to an excess of released heat energy, part of which is directed to ensuring the operation of the installation, and the excess is withdrawn for further use in energy systems: either directly but as a thermal energy or for generating electricity.

The method is illustrated by the structural technological scheme of the installation used for its implementation, on which the following notation is used:

1 - heat exchanger;

2 - water condenser;

3 - gas system heating system;

4 - gas filter;

5 - liquid pyrolysis fuel;

6 - source peat;

7 - fan with frequency modulation control;

8 - dry peat;

9 - outside air;

10 - exhaust gas GSRU;

11 - superheated steam;

12 - waste drying agent;

13 - fast pyrolysis reactor;

14 - fluidized bed dryer;

15 - pyrolysis gas;

16 - solid carbonaceous substance;

17 - hot water;

18 - cold water;

19 is a drying agent.

In general terms, the operation of the installation includes its initial operationalization (by means of an external source of thermal energy, for example, propane gas), which consists in setting the operating temperatures inside the fast pyrolysis reactor and a vibrating fluidized bed dryer, respectively.

The raw material to be processed is fed into a vibrating fluidized-bed drying chamber and dried to the required humidity (if necessary, the raw material is crushed to the required particle size before drying). Next, the dried material is sent to the fast pyrolysis reactor, where it is subjected to thermal degradation by initiating entropy explosions (the residence time of the material in the reactor is determined based on the type of material being processed). The processing products of the fast pyrolysis reactor are: pyrolysis gas; high carbon solid (VUM); thermal energy - superheated steam, which is formed as a result of temperature control inside the reactor (through external independent water circuits).

The resulting pyrolysis gas is sent to a heat exchanger, where it gives part of its thermal energy to a drying agent (outside air), to carry out the drying process of the starting material. Further, the pyrolysis gas enters the condensation system, where it condenses into the liquid component - synthetic oil, which is removed for further use in various industries and energy. Dried gas - synthesis gas (gas after condensation) is sent either to the needs of industry and utilities (including use in domestic gas stoves), or to generate electricity, or for further liquefaction through cryogenic plants.

Excessive thermal energy generated during fast pyrolysis (controlling the operating mode of the reactor, controlling the condenser, dryer, etc.) in the form of superheated water vapor, hot water, hot air is sent for further use in energy systems of various industries.

VUM (high-carbon material - solid carbonaceous material) is gravity-fed from the reactor and sent for further use in various industries (metallurgy, perfumery, agronomy, medicine, chemical industry, etc.) as the basic feedstock.

The products of processing the starting materials by the method of rapid pyrolysis are

1. Synthetic oil (which is the oil fraction) - is intended either for further processing at oil refineries (organic synthesis plants) into motor fuels, or for use in thermal power plants and boiler houses, instead of traditional ones derived from crude oil.

2. VUM (a solid carbonaceous substance with a carbon content of up to 90%) - is intended for use in various industries, in agriculture, in housing and communal services and energy systems (as high-calorie fuel).

3. Synthesis gas (which is a mixture of high hydrocarbons with a calorific value not lower than natural gas) - is intended for use in energy systems and gas consumption systems.

4. Thermal energy (released during the rapid pyrolysis process) - is intended for use in the housing and communal services systems of the regions, agriculture or for generating electricity through steam generators.

A feature of this technology is that after the unit has entered the operating mode, the external heat source is turned off and the system operates in the energy self-sufficiency mode, which can significantly reduce the cost of the processed products of the starting materials (40-60% lower than traditional ones: oil, natural gas, coal, coke) with almost the same thermal properties.

Practical aspects of the implementation of the claimed method are discussed in the following examples.

Example 1. The processing of carbon-containing solid minerals - shale (place of production of the Leningrad region of the Russian Federation, the initial relative humidity of 60%, ash content 32%). The material was previously crushed and separated to obtain particles with an equivalent diameter of not more than 0.4 mm, sent to a vibrating fluidized bed dryer, where it was dried to a relative humidity of 1.2% at a temperature of the drying agent (air mixture) of 155 ° C. The dried substance was continuously passed through a fast pyrolysis reactor (ablation type) at temperatures of 570, 750 and 870 ° C (separately), with a capacity of 1.5 kg / s and a residence time of not more than 5 s for 8 hours, each ( from the above) temperature conditions. Pyrolysis gas (from the reactor) through a heat exchanger (a source of thermal energy, for an agent of a vibrating fluidized bed dryer) entered a condensation system including a distillation column equipped with phlegm supply (each volume space between distillation plates), where it was condensed and divided into three fractions: “gasoline "," Diesel "and" oil (fuel) ", which were displayed in the collections of fractions. The last condensation was carried out in a water condenser. Dried as a result of condensation, the synthesis gas was sent to a gas aerodynamic burner (power 1.2 Gcal) to generate thermal energy. A solid carbonaceous substance (high-carbon material - VUM) was removed (by gravity) from the reactor, cooled, stored, and sent for further use in various industries, including the agricultural sector and utilities. The thermal energy released as a result of controlling the temperature conditions of the reactor (in the form of superheated steam) was directed to a steam generator to generate electric energy, as well as to the heating system of the enterprise.

Up to 130 tons of the starting material were processed per day. The yield of processed products from 1 ton of the initial oil shale by the method of rapid pyrolysis of oil shale is given in table 1.

Table 1 Processing product The yield of processed products based on the temperature of the reactor 570 ° C 750 ° C 870 ° C liquid fraction (total amount), kg one hundred 200 70 VUM, kg 250 150 130 synthesis gas, kg 70 70 220 thermal power, Gcal 1,5 1,1 0.6

Samples analyzed:

- liquid fraction - the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used. Analyzes were obtained with the identifiers: gasolines - up to AI-92, diesel fuel up to DT grades summer, oil fractions up to heating oil;

- VUM with a content of pure carbon up to 95%;

- synthesis gas - the method of chromatography was used. Analyzes were obtained with the contents of: methane - up to 25%, hydrogen - up to 30%, propane + butane and above - up to 40%, nitrogen - up to 4%, carbon dioxide - traces, carbon monoxide - traces;

- thermal energy - superheated steam with a temperature of 370-420 ° C at a pressure of up to 4 atm.

Example 2. Processing of wood waste (a mixture of hardwood and coniferous species, including sanitary forest with bark: branches, fallen tree trunks) with an initial moisture content of 30% (the place of collection of wood waste is wood processing enterprises and forestry of the Lukhovitsky district of Moscow oblast). Wood waste was pre-crushed and separated to obtain particles of equivalent diameter in the range of 0.1-0.4 mm, sent to a vibrating fluidized bed dryer, where it was dried to a relative humidity of 2.5% at a temperature of a drying agent (air mixture) of 160 ° C. The dried substance was continuously passed through a fast pyrolysis reactor (ablation type) at temperatures of 520, 700 and 830 ° C (separately) with a capacity of 1.5 kg / s and a residence time of 5 s for 8 hours each (of the above) temperature condition. The resulting pyrolysis gas (from the reactor) was sent through a heat exchanger (a source of thermal energy for an agent of a vibrating fluidized bed dryer) to a condensation system including a distillation column with phlegm feed (each volume space between distillation plates), where it was condensed and divided into three fractions: “gasoline ”,“ Diesel ”and“ oil (fuel) ”, each of which was displayed in fraction collections. The last condensation was carried out in a water condenser. Dried as a result of condensation, the synthesis gas was sent to a gas aerodynamic burner (power 1.2 Gcal) to generate thermal energy. The obtained solid carbonaceous substance (high-carbon material - VUM) was removed (by gravity) from the reactor, cooled, stored, and sent for further use in various industries, including the agricultural sector and utilities. The thermal energy released as a result of controlling the temperature conditions of the reactor (in the form of superheated steam) was directed to a steam generator to generate electric energy, as well as to the heating system of the enterprise.

90 tons of the starting material are processed per day. The yield of processed products from 1 ton of initial wood waste is presented in table 2.

table 2 Processing product The yield of processed products based on the temperature of the reactor 520 ° C 700 ° C 830 ° C liquid fraction (total amount), kg 300 450 220 VUM, kg 300 115 80 synthesis gas, kg 115 200 415 thermal power, Gcal 1.8 1,2 0.7

Samples analyzed:

- liquid fraction - the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used. Analyzes were obtained with the identifiers: gasolines - up to AI-92, diesel fuel up to DT grades summer, oil fractions up to heating oil;

- VUM with a content of pure carbon up to 96%;

- synthesis gas - the method of chromatography was used. Analyzes were obtained with the contents of: methane - up to 20%, hydrogen - up to 30%, propane + butane and above - up to 40%, nitrogen - up to 4%, carbon dioxide - traces, carbon monoxide - traces;

- thermal energy - superheated steam with a temperature of 370-420 ° C at a pressure of up to 4 atm.

Example 3. The feedstock is brown coal of the Kirov Coal Mine OJSC of the Nyurba district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) with a relative humidity of 53%, an ash content of 23%, a carbon content of 68%, hydrogen - 5.5%, sulfur - 0.4%. The coal was crushed and separated to obtain particles with an equivalent diameter of not more than 5.0 mm and sent to a vibrating fluidized bed dryer, where it was dried to a relative humidity of 2.0% at a temperature of the drying agent (air mixture) 175 ° C. Dried material in order to eliminate the consequences sintering of particles was additionally subjected secondary crushing and separation to obtain particles with an equivalent diameter of not more than 0.7 mm, and then continuously passed through a fast pyrolysis reactor (ablation type) at temperatures of 620, 780 and 930 ° C (separately), with a capacity of 1.5 kg / s and for a duration of up to 5 s in the reactor for 8 hours at each temperature (from the above) mode.The resulting pyrolysis gas (from the reactor) was sent through a heat exchanger (a source of thermal energy for an agent of a vibrating fluidized bed dryer) to a condensation system including ktifikatsionnuyu column flegmopodachey (each volumetric space between the rectifying plates), where it is condensed and separated into three fractions: "gasoline", "diesel" and "oil (fuel)", each of which outputs a fraction collector. The last condensation was carried out in a water condenser. Dried synthesis gas was sent to a gas aerodynamic burner (power 1.2 Gcal) to generate thermal energy. The obtained VUM was removed (by gravity) from the reactor, cooled and sent for further use in various industries, including the agricultural sector and utilities. The thermal energy released as a result of controlling the temperature conditions of the reactor (in the form of superheated steam) was directed to a steam generator to generate electric energy, as well as to the heating system of the enterprise.

100 tons of the starting material are processed per day. The output of the processed products from 1 t of the original brown coal is presented in table 3.

Table 3 Processing product The yield of processed products based on the temperature of the reactor 620 ° C 780 ° C 930 ° C liquid fraction (total amount), kg 140 240 160 VUM, kg 280 160 120 synthesis gas, kg 80 one hundred 220 thermal power, Gcal 1,6 1,1 0.4

Samples analyzed:

- liquid fraction - the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used. Analyzes were obtained with the identifiers: gasolines - up to AI-92, diesel fuel up to DT grades summer, oil fractions up to heating oil;

- VUM with a content of pure carbon up to 96%;

- synthesis gas - the method of chromatography was used. Analyzes were obtained with the contents of: methane - up to 20%, hydrogen - up to 25%, propane + butane and above - up to 40%, nitrogen - up to 4%, hydrogen sulfide - up to 4%, carbon dioxide - traces, carbon monoxide - traces;

- thermal energy - superheated steam with a temperature of 370-420 ° C at a pressure of up to 4 atm.

Example 4. The feedstock is coal (grade TPK of the Kuzbass basin of the Krasnokamenskaya mine) with a relative humidity of 3.8%, ash content of 10%, carbon content of 70.9%, hydrogen - 5.3%, sulfur - 0.5% . The coal was ground and separated to obtain particles with an equivalent diameter of not more than 3.0 mm, and then sent to a vibrating fluidized bed dryer, where it was dried to a relative humidity of 0.8% at a temperature of the drying agent (air mixture) 175 ° C. At the end of the drying process, the coal was subjected to secondary crushing and separation to obtain particles with an equivalent diameter of 0.5 mm, in order to eliminate the consequences of sintering of particles (lumping). The obtained fraction was continuously passed through a fast pyrolysis reactor (ablation type) at temperatures of 690, 800 and 950 ° C (separately), with a productivity of 1.5 kg / s and a residence time of 5 s, for 8 hours, each (of above) temperature conditions. The resulting pyrolysis gas (from the reactor) was sent through a heat exchanger (a source of thermal energy for an agent of a vibrating fluidized bed dryer) to a condensation system including a distillation column with phlegm feed (each volume space between distillation plates), where it was condensed and divided into three fractions: “gasoline ”,“ Diesel ”and“ oil (fuel) ”, each of which was displayed in fraction collections. The last condensation was carried out in a water condenser. Dried synthesis gas was sent to a gas aerodynamic burner with a power of 1.2 Gcal to generate thermal energy. The VUM was removed (by gravity) from the reactor, cooled and sent for further use in various industries, including the agricultural and utilities sector. The thermal energy released as a result of controlling the temperature conditions of the reactor (in the form of superheated steam) was directed to a steam generator to generate electric energy, as well as to the heating system of the enterprise.

72 tons of raw coal were processed per day. The yield of processed products from 1 ton of feedstock is presented in table 4.

Table 4 Processing product The yield of processed products based on the temperature of the reactor 690 ° C 800 ° C 950 ° C liquid fraction (total amount), kg 340 440 240 VUM, kg 530 330 250 synthesis gas, kg one hundred 200 480 thermal power, Gcal 1.4 1,0 0.4

Samples analyzed:

- liquid fraction - the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used. Analyzes were obtained with the identifiers: gasolines - up to AI-92, diesel fuel up to DT grades summer, oil fractions up to heating oil;

- VUM with a content of pure carbon up to 96%;

- synthesis gas - the method of chromatography was used. Analyzes were obtained with the contents of: methane - up to 20%, hydrogen - up to 30%, propane + butane and above - up to 40%, nitrogen - up to 4%, hydrogen sulfide - up to 4%, carbon dioxide - traces, carbon monoxide - traces;

- thermal energy - superheated steam with a temperature of 370-420 ° C at a pressure of up to 4 atm.

Example 5. The feedstock is coal slurry of coal (ore dressing plant in Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo region) with a relative humidity of 70%, an ash content of 20%, a carbon content of 70.1%, hydrogen - 4.7%, sulfur - 2.5%. The sludge was crushed and separated to obtain particles with an equivalent diameter of not more than 3.0 mm, dried in a fluidized bed of a vibration dryer to a relative humidity of 2.0% at a temperature of a drying agent (air mixture) of 175 ° C. At the end of the drying process, the coal sludge was subjected to secondary crushing and separation to obtain particles with an equivalent diameter of 0.7 mm to eliminate the effects of sintering of particles (lumping). The obtained fraction was continuously passed through a fast pyrolysis reactor (ablation type) at temperatures of 650, 800 and 950 ° С (separately), with a productivity of 1.5 kg / s and a residence time of 5 s, for 8 hours, each (of above) temperature conditions. The resulting pyrolysis gas (from the reactor) was sent through a heat exchanger (a source of thermal energy for an agent of a vibrating fluidized bed dryer) to a condensation system including a distillation column with phlegm feed (each volume space between distillation plates), where it was condensed and divided into three fractions: “gasoline ”,“ Diesel ”and“ oil (fuel) ”, each of which was displayed in fraction collections. The last condensation was carried out in a water condenser. Dried synthesis gas was sent to a 1.2 Gcal gas aerodynamic burner to generate thermal energy. The VUM was removed (by gravity) from the reactor, cooled and sent for further use in various industries, including the agricultural and utilities sector. The thermal energy released as a result of controlling the temperature conditions of the reactor (in the form of superheated steam) was directed to a steam generator to generate electric energy, as well as to the heating system of the enterprise.

120 tons of initial coal sludge were processed per day. The yield of processed products from 1 t of the starting material is presented in table 5.

Table 5 Processing product The yield of processed products based on the temperature of the reactor 650 ° C 800 ° C 950 ° C liquid fraction (total amount), kg one hundred 140 90 VUM, kg 180 130 90 synthesis gas, kg 40 fifty 140 thermal power, Gcal 1.4 1,0 0.4

Samples analyzed:

- liquid fraction - the method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used. Analyzes were obtained with the identifiers: gasolines - up to AI - 92, diesel fuel up to DT grades summer, oil fractions up to heating oil;

- VUM with a content of pure carbon up to 96%;

- synthesis gas - the method of chromatography was used. Analyzes were obtained with the contents of: methane - up to 20%, hydrogen - up to 30%, propane + butane and above - up to 35%, nitrogen - up to 4%, hydrogen sulfide - up to 10%, carbon dioxide - traces, carbon monoxide - traces;

- thermal energy - superheated steam with a temperature of 370-420 ° C at a pressure of up to 4 atm.

Claims (4)

1. The method of waste-free processing of carbon-containing solids, such as wood waste, characterized in that the waste is dried at a temperature of not more than 160 ° C to a moisture content of not more than 3%, while the resulting vapor-air mixture is cleaned and removed, the dried wood waste is subjected to subsequent rapid pyrolysis in a reactor without oxygen at a temperature of 520-830 ° C for no more than 5 s, and the pyrolysis gas formed is sent through a heat exchanger to a condensation system for separation into liquid fuel and synthesis gas, at The heat exchanger serves to transfer part of the thermal energy of the pyrolysis gas to the drying process. 2. The method of waste-free processing of carbon-containing solids, such as coal or coal waste, characterized in that the processed product is dried at a temperature of not more than 175 ° C to a moisture content of not more than 2.0%, while the resulting vapor-air mixture is cleaned and removed, dried the material is subjected to subsequent rapid pyrolysis in a reactor without oxygen at a temperature of 620-950 ° C for no more than 5 s, and the resulting pyrolysis gas is sent through a heat exchanger to a condensation system for separation into liquid fuel and synthesis gas, while the heat exchanger serves to transfer part of the thermal energy of the pyrolysis gas for the drying process. 3. A method of waste-free processing of carbon-containing solids, such as shale, characterized in that the initial product is dried at a temperature of not more than 155 ° C to a moisture content of not more than 2.0%, while the resulting vapor-air mixture is cleaned and removed, the dried material is subjected to subsequent quick pyrolysis without oxygen at a temperature of 570-870 ° C for no more than 5 s, and the resulting pyrolysis gas through a heat exchanger is sent to a condensation system for separation into liquid fuel and synthesis gas, while the heat exchanger Used for transmission of the heat energy to the pyrolysis gas drying process. 4. The method of waste-free processing of carbon-containing solids, such as solid household and industrial waste, including agricultural waste, characterized in that the waste is dried at a temperature of not more than 170 ° C to a moisture content of not more than 2.0%, while the resulting vapor-air mixture is cleaned and withdrawn, and the dried material is subjected to subsequent rapid pyrolysis without oxygen at a temperature of 570-950 ° C for no more than 5 s, and the resulting pyrolysis gas is sent through a heat exchanger to the condensate system ation for separation into liquid fuel and synthesis gas, wherein the heat exchanger is used to transfer part of the pyrolysis gas thermal energy to the drying process.