RU2451824C2 - Hydraulic power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic power plant is a floating facility fixed by cables 2 with supports 3 on the shore, comprising one row and more turbines 4, installed in parallel on hollow platforms 7, changing into sharp edges along the vertical line in a fore part. Shafts of turbines 4 are installed in bearing supports 6 as capable of vertical displacement and are kinematically connected to a power generator 8 and starting-regulating equipment 9. There are sprockets 14 installed on shafts of turbines 4 and connected by chains 15 to each other. Upstream the floating facility 1 there is a filter 19 in the form of a wedge for discharge of objects. Blades of turbines 4 are crescent-shaped and are fixed to bodies of shafts so that their edges form a sharp angle with a water mirror. Hollow platforms 7 have a trapezoidal shape in their cross section, changing into sharp edges along the vertical line in a rear part. Vertical stands 20 of the filter 19 installed fixedly at a distance from the floating facility 1 are equipped with rollers as capable of cranking. The power generator 8 and the starting-regulating equipment 9 are installed on the shore.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, safety of operation and maintenance of a power plant.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydropower and can be used in the production of electricity on small rivers.

Known small hydroelectric power station with an active turbine (RU 2305793, IPC F03B 13/00 2006.01, ЕВВ 9/00 2006.01). A hydropower plant is designed to generate electricity using the power of a stream or stream. A hydroelectric power station includes a water intake dam, water intake cone, pressure pipe, an active turbine (AT), and a current generator with a drive. The cone (K) of the water intake is made only in a horizontal plane, the entrance to the bottom spillway and the entrance to the water pipe K are located on the same plane and above them on the crest of the water intake dam there is a warm room, the wall of which faces the reservoir, is located in front of the dam, and its lower edge deepened by the amount of freezing of the reservoir. AT is made in the form of a disk with buckets in the form of snails. Each nozzle of the pressure water conduit is made in the form of K connected with the valve of the pressure water conduit through the intermediate link of the water conduit. As a braking system for stabilization of the AT speed, an additional DC generator is used, the shaft of which is connected to the shaft of the main generator (OG) and the excitation winding of which is supplied through a diode bridge with current from a three-phase exhaust network. In addition, a rheostat controlled by a centrifugal pusher, for example, the Watt system, the shaft of which is also connected with the exhaust gas shaft, is used in the control circuit of the exhaust field winding. The design of the hydroelectric power station provides an increase in power and a constant current frequency.

The specified analogue has disadvantages. It uses an expensive design, difficult to install and to manufacture, working only in a fixed state, not taking into account the water level in the reservoir. During hurricane showers, mudflows, and abundant movement of logs, planks, trees, pieces of metal, stones, and other things, it fails.

The closest solution to the claimed technical solution is a hydroelectric power station containing a watercraft fixed with cables with supports on the shore, a turbine with straight blades, the shaft of which is mounted in bearing bearings, with the possibility of vertical movement, kinematically connected with the electric generator, and ballasts, while the hydroelectric power station contains one row or more turbines installed in parallel on hollow platforms; sprockets mounted on chains of turbines are connected to each other by chains , The floatation device to the front grille is fastened rigidly in the form of a wedge (DE 814 879 A, 02.08.2951, F03B 17/06) - prototype.

The prototype has the following disadvantages:

- an electric generator and drive sprockets are placed inside one of two hollow, open above the watercraft. In this case, there is no protection of boats against rain and river water and the tightness of electrical equipment, which is likely to lead to corrosion of the equipment, and possibly to accidents;

- the grate for garbage collection is mounted in a single design with the platforms of the hydroelectric power station, its rigid attachment to them makes it difficult to unload the passing garbage and will certainly lead to its accumulation on it, which will significantly reduce the pressure and power of the water flow coming through it to the turbine. And in the case of critical accumulation of large debris on the grate, the entire structure can overturn;

- the direct profile and the angle of entry of the edges of the turbine blades make it difficult for the latter to enter the water, thereby reducing the efficiency of the turbine.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to eliminate the disadvantages inherent in the prototype, namely, increasing the efficiency of a hydraulic turbine by optimizing the entry of its blades into the water stream and increasing the power of the stream, more effective filter operation to prevent the accumulation of passing debris and removing it to the side of the hydroelectric power station, increasing operational safety and hydroelectric power station maintenance.

The technical essence of the proposed solution lies in the fact that a hydroelectric power plant, which is a watercraft fixed by cables with supports on the shore, contains one row or more turbines installed in parallel on hollow platforms, turning into sharp edges vertically in the bow, whose shafts are mounted in bearing supports with the possibility of vertical movement and kinematically connected with the electric generator and ballasts, while sprockets mounted on the turbine shafts are connected it’s a chain, and in front of the craft there is a wedge-shaped filter for removing objects (logs, boards, etc.), which differs from the prototype in that the turbine blades have a crescent profile and are fixed to the shaft housings so that their edges form a mirror there is an acute angle of water, hollow platforms have a trapezoidal shape in cross section, turning into sharp edges vertically in the back, vertical racks of a filter installed motionlessly at a distance from the craft are equipped with rollers with the possibility of rotation, and an electrogen ATOR and ballast equipment installed on the beach.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows a hydroelectric power station, a top view;

figure 2 shows a hydroelectric power station, side view;

figure 3 shows a hydroelectric power station, front view.

The hydroelectric power station contains a watercraft 1 (Fig. 2), fixed with ropes 2 with supports on the shore 3, turbines 4 (Fig. 1), shafts 5 of which are installed in bearing bearings 6 (Fig. 2) and all of them together have the possibility of vertical movement due to hollow platforms 7 (figure 3), when the water level changes. The watercraft 1 is kinematically connected with an electric generator 8, which in turn is electrically connected with ballasts 9. The turbines 4 are equipped with blades 10 (Fig. 2) having a crescent profile and fixed to the bodies 11 of the shafts 5 so that their edges 12 form a mirror water 13 acute angle (figure 3). The turbines 4 are installed on the hollow platforms 7 in parallel, at a distance of restoring the energy of the water flow spent on the drive of the previous turbine. On the shafts 5 of the turbines 4, sprockets 14 are mounted, interconnected by chains 15, and the hollow platforms 7 have a trapezoidal cross-section, passing in the nose 16 and rear 17 parts to the sharp edges 18 vertically (Fig. 1). In front of the vessel 1, a fixed filter that removes large objects is installed at a distance, in the form of a wedge, the vertical posts of which 20 are equipped with rollers that can be rotated to prevent the accumulation of floating debris on the fixed filter 19. The drive sprocket 14 of the turbine 4, by means of supports 21 and 22 and extended cardans 23 and 24, connected to an electric generator 8, electrically connected to ballasts 9, which is also connected to the consumer 25.

The power plant operates as follows. When installing a hydroelectric power station on the river, a place convenient for its installation is chosen. To narrow the river bed and protect the generator and ballasts from floods, the edges of the banks are concreted (Fig. 1). Next, concrete supports 3 are installed on opposite banks, for fastening the boat 1 using cables 2. An electric generator 8 and ballasts 9 are installed on the shore and connected to the boat 1 with the help of extending cardans 23 and 24. During heavy rains, hurricanes, mudflows, etc. .d. a fixed filter 19 in the form of a wedge protects the hydroelectric power station from mechanical damage, since it takes large objects to the side by turning the rollers that its vertical posts 20 are equipped with and they float past the watercraft 1. The water flows entering the target of the watercraft 1 are narrowed, accelerated and, pressing on the blades 10 of the turbine 4, bring the latter into rotational motion. In this case, the water flow rate is lost, however, after a certain time, the water flow rate is restored again and at this moment the water flows again come in contact with the turbine blades and rotate them. The turbines 4 are located at a certain distance so that the water has time to restore the flow rate. And the blades 10 of the turbines 4 have a sickle-shaped profile for easier entry into the water.

The flow of water 13, falling into the zone between the sharp edges 18 and the trapezoidal hollow platforms 7 of the watercraft 1, is compressed, its level rises and its speed increases. The lower halves of all turbines 4 are in the flow of water and under its pressure on the forming profiles of the blades 10 begin to rotate simultaneously. Since the sprockets 14 are fixed on the shafts 5 of all turbines 4, and they are in turn interconnected by chains 15, the combined moment of rotational motion from the turbines 4 is transmitted through a system of sprockets 14 and chains 15, racks 21 and 22, and elongated cardans 23 and 24 to an electric generator 8, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and transfers it to the consumer 25 through ballasts 9.

At the same time, raising or lowering the water level 13 does not affect the operation of the turbines 4, since they are constantly at the same level of immersion in the water flows by means of flexible cables 2, support posts 3 and hollow platforms 7. This allows the turbines 4 to rotate on average at the same speed.

Large objects, logs, boards, pieces of reinforcement, pipes and other, carried by a stream of water, are diverted to the side of the craft 1 by filter 19.

Thus, the proposed technical solution allows to solve the following problems.

Blades 10 with a crescent profile, fixed to the bodies 11 of the shafts 5 so that their edges 12 form an acute angle with the water mirror 13 (Fig. 3), smoothly and with less effort enter the water, do not cause shocks and increase the efficiency of the hydroelectric power station.

The trapezoidal shape of the hollow platforms 7, turning into sharp edges 18 vertically in the back 17, can significantly increase the speed of the water flow by narrowing the duct, thereby increasing efficiency, and eliminate turbulence at the outlet by expanding the flow of water leaving the craft 1 through the sharp edges 18 vertically in the back of the 17th part.

Vertical racks 20 of the filter 19, installed separately from the boat, equipped with rollers with the possibility of rotation, allow you to freely remove any passing debris on the sides of the boat 1, without causing the structure to tip over, protecting it and turbines 4 from mechanical damage, which in turn increases reliability, service life of mechanisms and ensures uninterrupted supply of electricity.

The design of the watercraft 1 with turbines in the proposed design eliminates the need for the construction of expensive structures to create artificial drops and water supply systems to the turbines.

Due to the complete removal of electrical equipment outside the water stream and the removal of large objects by a stationary filter 19 in the form of a wedge, in which the vertical posts 20 are equipped with elongated rollers with the possibility of rotation, the proposed solution provides stability and security of power supply.

Thus, the stated technical problem is solved by new features proposed by us.

The implementation of the technical solution is not particularly difficult, given the above, all the basic components of the craft will be manufactured in-house.

Claims (1)

A hydroelectric power station, which is a watercraft fixed by ropes with supports on the shore, containing one row or more turbines installed in parallel on hollow platforms, turning into sharp edges vertically in the bow, whose shafts are mounted in bearing bearings with the possibility of vertical movement and are kinematically connected with an electric generator and ballasts, while sprockets are mounted on the shafts of the turbines, interconnected by chains, and a filter in the form of cells is installed in front of the craft for the removal of objects (logs, boards), characterized in that the turbine blades have a crescent profile and are fixed to the shaft housings so that their edges form an acute angle with the water mirror, and the hollow platforms have a trapezoidal shape in the cross section, turning into sharp edges vertically in the back, the vertical struts of the filter, which is mounted motionless at a distance from the craft, are equipped with rollers with the possibility of rotation, and the electric generator and ballasts are installed on the shore.

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