RU2447834C1 - Method for evaluating individual's physical efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, particularly energometry and is applicable in sports, marine, air space medicine, preventive medicine in mass health examination. Linear relations of heart rate and specific power developed by a person being tested in executing a load task for male and female groups are calculated. The person being tested executes the load task in the form of squattings of random comfortable pace. An accelerometer fixed on a trunk of the person being tested is used to calculate a travel speed of a body centre of gravity. Like extreme variations of the travel speed of the body centre of gravity are picked out, and a extreme interval period is used to derive squatting pace. The person being tested is presented with the derived pace test load, and heart rate is calculated on the last minute of executing the load task. With using the derived linear relations of specific power and heart rate, normal specific powers are calculated. Then they are compared to specific power developed by the person being tested executing the load task.

EFFECT: method provides reducing time, simplifying the test due to decreased number of the executed load tasks, eliminating a procedure of weighting the person being tested, as well as higher test safety for the persons with reduced health level due to executing the task load with individually preset pace.

21 cl, 11 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to ergometry, and can be used in sports, marine, aerospace, preventive medicine during a mass examination of the population to assess human performance.

There is a method of determining the health of a person, which consists in a functional examination of the cardiovascular system before and after physical activity with subsequent determination of the tolerance of physical activity (Karpman V.L., Belotserkovsky Z.B., Gudkov I.A. Testing in sports medicine. - M .: FiS, 1988. - S. 21-117) [1]. The disadvantage of this method is the duration and complexity of the survey.

There is a method of determining the health of a person in which physical activity is performed in two stages lasting 4-6 minutes with an interval of 3-4 minutes, while the second load is two times more than the first (SU 876110 A1, publ. 30.10.81, 3 IPC A61B 10/00) [2]. After a preliminary multidisciplinary examination in laboratory conditions and the conclusion is “practically healthy”, the patient is recorded an electrocardiogram, a phonocardiogram, a sphygmogram of the carotid and femoral arteries, blood pressure and determine the heart rate (HR), stroke volume (UO) using the Bremer-Ranke formula, minute blood volume (IOC) and specific peripheral resistance, then offer the first five-minute physical activity of a threshold power of 700-800 kgm-min, after which they are determined e indicators. After a three-minute interval, a second five-minute physical load of submaximal power is offered with a re-determination of the above indicators. According to the dynamics of the obtained indicators in different conditions: at rest (before the load), after the first load compared to rest, after the second load in comparison with the first and rest, the results of all indicators are obtained by their growth in quantities having the same dimension. In the presence of sufficient adaptive properties, the absence of a state of stress at which the IOC increase does not exceed four times, analyze the dynamics of the working capacity of the cardiovascular system. The disadvantage of this method is the need to use a large number of recording equipment, and UO and IOC are calculated with low accuracy using formulas that do not take into account the individual characteristics of the subject.

There is a method of determining the health of a person, which takes into account the sex, age and weight of the test subject and carries out bicycle ergometric loading in one step and in submaximal doses (SU 1380728A1, 4 IPC A61B 5/16, publ. 15.03.86) [3]. An electrocardiogram is recorded in a test subject at rest, blood pressure is measured. Then the subject performs a continuous submaximal bicycle ergometer load calculated on the basis of its anthropometric data on a bicycle ergometer for three minutes with a cadence frequency of 60 rpm. In the last 10 seconds of the load, the electrocardiogram is re-recorded and blood pressure is measured. According to the registered indicators, the maximum oxygen consumption is determined, the indicator of the maximum oxygen consumption intensity in one minute and the level of physical performance is assessed on a standardized scale. The disadvantage of this method is the use of a high intensity load, which is unacceptable for people with reduced health.

A known method of determining the health of a person when performing dynamic physical activity (SU 1266529 A1, publ. 30.10.86, 4 IPC A61B 10/00) [4]. Previously, for each age group, the average power of physical activity is determined. Then the test subject is given an average power load characteristic of his age group. In the process of working on a bicycle ergometer, heart rate and blood pressure are measured. The initial increase in indicators is replaced by stabilization of indicators. If the recorded indicators deviate from the stabilization level, the work is stopped. Determine the average value of indicators and calculate the coefficient of health, the value of which determines the high or low levels of health. The disadvantage of this method is the high intensity of the load presented to the subject.

There is a method of determining the health of a person (SU 1445687 A1, publ. 23.12.88, 4 IPC A61B 5/02) [5], according to which the subject is presented with stress tests and determine the maximum oxygen consumption. The stress test includes a breath-held Stange test, a Martine-Kushelevsky test, an endurance test with a pneumomanometer, and an orthostatic test. Physical performance is estimated by the value of the maximum oxygen consumption, determined from the expression: K = 10.9 × C ^0.687 , where K is the maximum oxygen consumption, ml / min × kg, C is the total score according to the results of the breath-holding test on inspiration. Since the maximum oxygen consumption is determined by the calculation formula, in which each point is determined with an error of up to 50%, this reduces the accuracy of the maximum oxygen consumption and, therefore, the accuracy of determining human performance.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is a method of determining a person's health by presenting a metered two-stage physical load, which consists in getting up from a sitting position (SU 1602456 A1, publ. 30.10.90, 5 IPC A61B 5/22) [6], taken as prototype. The test subject is placed on a seat of a certain height, a three-minute load is presented in the form of rising from a sitting position, the parameters of the cardiovascular system are examined, the weight of the test person in a sitting position is measured, the path traveled by his center of gravity, the rate of standing and calculate the load power by the formula: N = P × h × n / 6, where N, W is the load power, P, kg is the weight of the test person in a sitting position, h, m is the path traveled by its center of gravity, n is the rate of rise (cycle / min). After a three-minute rest, the subject is asked to complete the second load at a fast pace. At the end of the first and second loads, the subject determines the heart rate and by extrapolating the linear dependence of heart rate on the load power, determine the value of PWC170 (power working capacity - physical performance), which corresponds to such a capacity of physical activity, which leads to an increase in heart rate to 170 bpm . Performance assessment is carried out according to the normative tables of PWC170 values corresponding to the performance levels: low, satisfactory, medium, good, high.

Determination of the weight of the test subject, the use of a two-stage load, the lack of automation complicates the examination and increases its execution time. Since the generally accepted time for performing each load is at least three minutes, taking into account the three-minute rest and the preliminary weighing procedure of the subject, the total examination time will be at least 10 minutes, which makes it difficult to conduct mass surveys of the population.

In addition, the second load may be excessive in intensity and therefore dangerous for people with low health.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to reduce the time and simplify the test by reducing the number of workloads and eliminating the weighing procedure of the test subject, providing the possibility of automating the processing of test results, as well as improving the safety of the examination for people with reduced health, by performing the test load with his own pace.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of assessing the level of a person’s physical performance includes performing a test load in the form of moving the center of gravity of the test body when standing up from a seat of a certain height by a distance equal to the difference between the growth of the test person in a standing position and his height in a sitting position at a given pace , calculating the power developed by the test subject when performing a load while recording the heart rate (HR) and comparing the received power values with standard power values for different levels of performance.

According to the invention, linear relationships between heart rate and specific power developed by a test subject when performing a load for groups of men and women of a certain age with a different level of working capacity are preliminarily calculated, followed by calculation of standard values of specific power differentiating between different working levels, and the test subject’s body acceleration when loading is performed in an arbitrary comfortable for him the pace using an accelerometer mounted on the body of the subject, calculate the speed displacements of the body’s center of gravity, isolate the extrema of the change in the velocity of the body’s center of gravity with the same sign, and the rate of rise is calculated from the period between the extrema, then the test load is presented to the test person with the calculated rate, and the heart rate is recorded at the last minute of the load, according to which, using the previously obtained linear relationships specific power from heart rate, calculate the standard values of specific power, delimiting different levels of performance, which are compared with specific th power, developed the test when the load.

In the particular case of performing linear relationships between heart rate and specific power developed by a test subject when performing a load for groups of men and women of a certain age with different levels of working capacity, the least squares method is calculated, the linear dependencies are averaged for people with low and medium, with average and satisfactory, with satisfactory and good, with good and high levels of working capacity, linear dependences of the specific power of the load on heart rate, based on which th heart rate calculated for an arbitrary characteristic values of specific power, delimiting a low and medium, medium and satisfactory satisfactory and good, good and high levels of efficiency.

Performing the load at a comfortable pace, which determines the subject himself, increases the safety of the examination for people with low health.

The use of specific power (W / kg) instead of absolute power (W), as in the prototype, for evaluating the operability, eliminates the procedure for determining the weight of the test subject, which reduces time and simplifies the examination.

The linear dependences of the specific power developed by the test subject during the load on heart rate, obtained previously, allow us to determine the level of performance at a single load. The elimination of a two-level load reduces the time and simplifies the examination, which is important when screening the population.

Measurement of the acceleration of the center of gravity of the test subject's body during rising allows you to determine the rate of rising. The use of an accelerometer to record the acceleration of the body of the test person when standing up ensures the accuracy of measuring the pace of standing and the ability to automate the processing of test results.

The operation of the method is illustrated by the figures of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a device for implementing the method.

Figure 2 shows a graph of the change in acceleration a, m / s ^{2 of the} body of the test subject from time t, ms when the subject performs the load.

Figure 3 shows a graph of the dependence of the change in speed v, m / s ^{2 the} movement of the body of the test subject from time t, ms when the subject performs the load.

Figure 4 shows a graph of the linear dependence of the specific power W _1.2 , W / kg on heart rate F, sr / min, delimiting men with low and satisfactory performance, indicated by a solid line, triangles and a dashed line indicate the values of specific power for a group of persons with low working capacity, squares and a dashed line - with satisfactory working capacity.

Figure 5 shows a graph of the linear dependence of the specific power W _2.3 , W / kg on heart rate F, sr / min, delimiting men with satisfactory and average performance, indicated by a solid line, the triangles and dashed lines indicate the values of specific power for a group of persons with satisfactory performance, squares and a dashed line - with average performance.

Figure 6 shows a graph of the linear dependence of the specific power W _3.4 , W / kg on heart rate F, abt. / Min, delimiting men with average and good performance, indicated by a solid line, the triangles and dashed lines indicate the values of specific power for a group of persons with medium working capacity, squares and a dashed line - with good working capacity.

Figure 7 shows a graph of the linear dependence of the specific power W _4.5 , W / kg on heart rate F, sr / min, delimiting men with good and high working capacity, indicated by a solid line, triangles and a dashed line indicate the values of specific power for a group of persons with good working capacity, squares and dashed line - with high working capacity.

Fig. 8 shows a graph of the linear dependence of the specific power W _1.2 , W / kg on heart rate F, abt / min, delimiting women with low and satisfactory performance, indicated by a solid line, triangles and a dashed line indicate the values of specific power for a group of individuals with low working capacity, squares and a dashed line - with satisfactory working capacity.

Figure 9 shows a graph of the linear dependence of the specific power W _2.3 , W / kg on heart rate F, reduction / min, delimiting women with satisfactory and average performance, indicated by a solid line, triangles and a dashed line denote the values of specific power for a group of individuals with satisfactory performance, squares and a dashed line - with average performance.

Figure 10 shows a graph of the linear dependence of the specific power W _3.4 , W / kg on heart rate F, abr. / Min, delimiting women with average and good performance, indicated by a solid line, triangles and a dashed line indicate the values of specific power for a group of individuals with medium working capacity, squares and a dashed line - with good working capacity.

Figure 11 shows a graph of the linear dependence of the specific power W _4.5 , W / kg on heart rate F, sr / min, delimiting men and women and high working capacity, indicated by a solid line, triangles and a dashed line indicate the values of specific power for a group of persons with good working capacity, squares and dashed line - with high working capacity.

A flowchart of a method for assessing a person’s physical performance (FIG. 1) comprises an accelerometer 1 (an ADXL103CE sensor from Analog Devices) mounted on the body of a test subject 2, an acceleration recording unit 3, a unit for calculating the rate of upsets 4, a unit for setting the rate of upsets 5, a registration unit electrocardiograms 6, heart rate measuring unit 7, control unit 8, health level measuring unit 9, display 10. The signal of the accelerometer and electrocardiogram was recorded with a KorVita printing device “ARMIS”. Blocks 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 are implemented programmatically on a Pentium 4 personal computer.

From control unit 8, test 2 is given a command to carry out the load in the form of rising from a chair. In this case, the center of gravity of the body of the test subject moves a distance h equal to the difference between the growth of test subject 2 in a standing position and his height in a sitting position, at an arbitrary pace that is comfortable for the subject 2. The analog signal of the accelerometer 1 (Fig. 2) is converted to digital form in the acceleration recording unit 3, in the unit of calculating the rate of embedments 4, the digital signal is converted by time integration into a speed signal from which the extrema of the same sign are extracted (Fig. 3), the period is measured T (s) between extrema and the rate of rise of n = 60 / T (cycle / min) is calculated. The unit for setting the pace of getting up 5 gives the “stand-up” command to display 10 of test subject 2 until the end of the load at pace n. On command, subject 2 gets up and sits down. After the second minute, the control unit 8 sends a signal to the electrocardiogram registration unit 6. After three minutes of loading the test 2, the control unit 8 sends a stop command to the display 10, and test 2 stops the load. In the last minute of the load, the heart rate determination unit 7 calculates the heart rate from the period between the R waves of the electrocardiogram. The unit for determining the level of working capacity 9 by heart rate calculates the standard specific power W _{i, i + 1} , delimiting the levels of working capacity i, which compares with the calculated specific power W = h × n / 6 (W / kg) developed by the subject during the load, and evaluates performance level, which is displayed on display 10.

The standard specific power W _{i, i + 1 is} calculated by the dependencies between the specific power and heart rate obtained at the preliminary stage. In a known manner, the level of performance was determined in 60 men and 66 women aged 21-22 years. 12 men and 15 women had a low level of working capacity i = 1, 14 men and 18 women had a satisfactory working level i = 2, 19 men and 16 women had an average working level i = 3, 8 men and 10 had a good working level i = 4 women, a high level of performance i = 5 had 7 men and 7 women. The specific power W = N / P = P × h × n / P = h × n was calculated along the path h traveled by the test center of gravity and the rate of rise n. Least square method (Johnson H., Lyon F. Statistics and experimental design in engineering and science. Data processing methods. M., Mir, 1980. S.447-501) [7] for groups of men and women with different levels of performance i found linear dependences of the specific power W _i on heart rate F recorded during load, W _i = a _i × F + b _i where a _i , b _i are the parameters of the linear function W _i (Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9, 10, 11). By averaging the parameters a and b of the functions W _i , W _{i + 1, we} calculated the parameters of the linear dependencies W _{i, i + 1} , delimiting individuals with low and medium levels of working capacity W _1,2 = (a ₁ + a ₂ ) / 2 × F + ( b ₁ + b ₂ ) / 2, with average and satisfactory W _2,3 = (a ₂ + a ₃ ) / 2 × F + (b ₂ + b ₃ ) / 2, with satisfactory and good W _3,4 = (a ₃ + a ₄ ) / 2 × F + (b ₃ + b ₄ ) / 2, with good and high W _4,5 = (a ₄ + a ₅ ) / 2 × F + (b ₄ + b ₅ ) / 2.

For men

W _1.2 = 0.022 × F-1.781 (FIG. 4),

W _2.3 = 0.02356 × F-1.3875 (FIG. 5),

W _3.4 = 0.0242 × F-0.9904 (FIG. 6),

W _4.5 = 0.02505 × F-0.6439 (FIG. 7).

For women

W _1.2 = 0.0148 × F-0.9229 (FIG. 8),

W _2.3 = 0.0177 × F-0.9026 (FIG. 9),

W _3.4 = 0.0197 × F-0.82845 (FIG. 10),

W _4.5 = 0.02265 × F-0.757 (FIG. 11).

The obtained dependencies are stored in the unit for determining the level of health 9 and are used to calculate the standard specific power W _{i, i + 1} .

After comparing the specific power W developed by the subject during the load with the standard specific power W _{i, i + 1} for different levels of performance i the level of performance is evaluated:

- low, i = 1 for W <W _1,2 ;

- satisfactory, i = 2 for W _1,2 ≤W <W _2,3 ;

- average, i = 3 for W _2.3 ≤ W <W _3.4 ;

- good, i = 4 for W _3.4 W W <W _4.5 ;

- high, i = 5 at W _4,5 ≤W.

Shortening the test time and reducing the load on the subject is confirmed by the following examples.

Example 1

TRP test subject, male, 20 years old, body weight 74 kg. To assess the performance of the prototype method, a two-stage load was presented. The load power of the first stage N1 = 89 W at heart rate = 126 rpm, the power of the second stage load N2 = 133 W, at heart rate = 164 rpm By extrapolation, PWC170 = 140 W was calculated, which corresponds to a satisfactory level of performance. The total test time was 12 minutes.

When assessing performance by the claimed method, the subject performed the load at a comfortable rate of 20 cycles / min with a specific power of W = 1.2 W / kg for 3 minutes. At the end of the last minute of the load, heart rate = 124 sr / min was recorded, for which the normative specific power was calculated, delimiting the levels of working capacity W _1.2 = 0.99 W / kg, W _2.3 = 1.53 W / kg, W _3.4 = 2.01 W / kg, W _4.5 = 2.46 W / kg, a comparison of which with specific power when performing a load indicates a satisfactory level of working capacity of the test subject and coincides with the evaluation by the prototype method. The test duration was reduced by 4 times compared with the prototype method, and the load intensity corresponds to the first stage of the load of the prototype method.

Example 2

Subject ALS, female, 21 years old, body weight 56 kg. To assess the performance of the prototype method, a two-stage load was presented. The load power of the first stage N1 = 60 W at heart rate = 128 rpm, the power of the second stage load N2 = 84 W, at heart rate = 148 rpm. By extrapolation, PWC 170 = 110 W was calculated, which corresponds to the average level of performance. The total test time was 11 minutes.

When assessing performance by the claimed method, the subject performed the load at a comfortable pace of 25 cycles / min with a specific power of W = 1.5 W / kg for 3 minutes. At the end of the last minute of the load, heart rate = 132 sr / min was recorded, for which the normative specific power was calculated, delimiting the levels of working capacity W _1.2 = 1 W / kg, W _2.3 = 1.43 W / kg, W _{3, 4} = 1.77 W / kg, W _4.5 = 2.23 W / kg, a comparison of which with specific power when performing a load indicates the average level of working capacity of the test subject and coincides with the evaluation by the prototype method. The test duration was reduced by more than 3 times in comparison with the prototype method, and the load intensity is significantly less than the second load stage of the prototype method.

Example 3

Subject CME, male, 21 years old, body weight 75 kg. To assess the performance of the prototype method, a two-stage load was presented. The load power of the first stage N1 = 107.5 W at heart rate = 108 rpm, the power of the second stage load N2 = 161 W, at heart rate = 151 rpm. By extrapolation, PWC170 = 185 W was calculated, which corresponds to a good level of performance. The total test time was 13 minutes.

When assessing performance by the claimed method, the subject performed the load at a comfortable pace of 25 cycles / min with a specific power of W = 1.79 W / kg for 3 minutes. At the end of the last minute of the load, heart rate = 114 rpm was recorded, for which the normative specific power was calculated, delimiting the levels of working capacity W _1.2 = 0.77 W / kg, W _2.3 = 1.3 W / kg, W _3.4 = 1.77 W / kg, W _4.5 = 2.2 W / kg, a comparison of which with specific power when performing a load indicates a good level of working capacity of the test subject and coincides with the evaluation by the prototype method. The test duration was reduced by more than 4 times compared with the prototype method, and the load intensity is significantly less than the second stage of the load of the prototype method.

The inventive method has been successfully tested on a group of 126 students. There was a coincidence of the health ratings of the claimed method with the ratings obtained by the prototype method. The examination time was reduced by 3-4 times. The intensity of the load decreased and did not exceed the intensity of the second stage of the load of the prototype method.

Information sources

1. Karpman V.L., Belotserkovsky Z. B., Gudkov I.A. Testing in sports medicine. M .: FiS, 1988.S. 21-117.

2. SU 876110 A1, 10.30.81, A61B 10/00.

3. SU 1380728 A1, 03/15/86, A61B 5/16.

4. SU 1266529 A1, 10.30.86, A61B 10/00.

5. SU 1445687 A1, 12/23/88, A61B 5/02.

6. SU 1602456 A1, 10.30.90, A61B 5/22 - prototype.

7. Johnson N., Lyon F. Statistics and experimental design in engineering and science. Data processing methods. M., World, 1980. S.447-501.

Claims (2)

1. A method of assessing the level of physical performance of a person, including the fulfillment of the test load in the form of moving the center of gravity of the body of the test person when getting up from a seat of a certain height by a distance equal to the difference between the growth of the test person in a standing position and his height in a sitting position at a given pace, calculating power, developed by the test subject while performing a load while simultaneously registering a heart rate (HR) and comparing the received power values with standard power values for performance levels, characterized in that the linear dependencies between heart rate and specific power developed by the test subject when performing a load for groups of men and women of a certain age with a different level of performance, followed by the calculation of standard values of specific power differentiating different levels of performance, are pre-recorded the acceleration of the subject’s body when performing the load at an arbitrary pace comfortable for him using an accelerometer mounted on the body the test subject, calculate the speed of movement of the center of gravity of the body, isolate the extrema of the change in the speed of movement of the center of gravity of the body with the same sign and calculate the rate of rise over the period between the extrema, then the test load is presented to the test at the calculated rate, and the heart rate is recorded at the last minute of the load, according to which, using previously obtained linear dependences of specific power on heart rate, standard values of specific power are calculated, delimiting different levels efficiently ti, which is compared with a specific power developed by the subjects when performing load. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the linear relationships between heart rate and specific power developed by the test subject when performing a load for groups of men and women of a certain age with different levels of performance are calculated by the least squares method, the linear dependencies are averaged for people with low and medium, with medium and satisfactory, with satisfactory and good, with good and high levels of working capacity, using the averaged parameters, linear dependences of the specific load power on heart rate are built, according to which, for an arbitrary heart rate, standard values of specific power are calculated that distinguish between low and medium, medium and satisfactory, satisfactory and good, good and high levels of performance.

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