RU2447392C2 - Aluminium alloy-based laminar armored plate (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: proposed plate comprises front, medium and rear layers from aluminium alloys and thin layers of thickness making 1-3% of said plate arranged between aforesaid layers and on outer surfaces of front and rear layers. Note here that said thin layers are made from aluminium alloy containing Zn, Si, Mn, Fe, Ti and admixtures with different ratio of components in wt %. Thickness of front and rear layers makes 3-23% of thickness of plate from aluminium alloy containing Zn, Mg, Mn, Cr, Ti, Zr, Cu, Fe, Si and admixtures. Medium layer is made from aluminium alloy containing Zn, Mg, Mn, Cr, Ti, Zr, Cu, Fe, Si and admixtures, while total content of Zn and Mg making 7.0-10.8 wt %. Laminar armored plate comprises additionally 1 to 3 thin layers dividing rear layer into equal parts.

EFFECT: higher strength and safe stress level σ_cr in welded structures.

2 cl, 2 dwg,1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of armored plates, in particular plates of aluminum alloys, consisting of several layers of various compositions, and can be used in mechanical engineering to create welded armor for armored vehicles to protect against small-caliber shells, small arms, grenade fragments, etc.

Known aluminum-based laminated plate for bulletproof welded armor, including the front, middle and back layers of aluminum alloys, as well as thin layers with a thickness of 1-3% of the thickness of the plate located between these layers and on the outer surfaces of the front and back layers, and the front layer made with a thickness of 4-13% of the plate thickness, thin layers are made of aluminum alloy containing zinc, silicon, manganese, iron, titanium and impurities in the following ratio of components, wt.%: zinc 0.80-1.35; silicon 0.08-0.30; manganese 0.015-0.035; iron 0.10-0.40; titanium 0.03-0.18; impurities not more than 0.1; the rest is aluminum, the back layer is 4-13% thick of the plate thickness, and at least one of the front, middle or back layers is made of an aluminum alloy containing zinc, magnesium, manganese, chromium, titanium, zirconium, copper, iron, silicon and impurities, in the following ratio, wt.%: zinc 4.9-5.5; magnesium 1.5-1.9; manganese 0.2-0.5; chrome 0.15-0.25; titanium 0.03-0.10; zirconium 0.07-0.12; copper 0.10-0.20; iron ≤ 0.35; silicon ≤0.25; other impurities ≤0.1; aluminum is the rest, while the total content of zinc and magnesium is 6.4-7.4 wt.%, and the ratio of zinc to magnesium content is 2.57-3.67.

(RU 2371660 C1, F41H 5/04, C22C 21/10, publ. 10/27/2009)

The well-known laminated plate has high characteristics in terms of fatigue properties and resistance to corrosion under the action of tensile stresses, which are characterized by the level of safe stresses σ _cr , but in welded armor structures it does not have sufficient armor resistance when exposed to small-caliber shells.

The closest in essence and the technical result achieved is an aluminum-based armored laminated plate for bulletproof protivosnaryadnogo welded armor, including front, middle and back layers, as well as thin layers (interlayers) with a thickness of 1-3% of the thickness of the plate from technically pure aluminum, located between these layers, as well as on the outer surfaces of the front and back layers. The front, middle and back layers are made of welded aluminum alloys, with the front layer made of 4-13% of the plate thickness and the back layer of 7-23% of the plate thickness, while the back layer is made of two layers of the same thickness, which are divided an additional thin layer (layer) with a thickness of 1-3% of the thickness of a plate made of technically pure aluminum.

(RU 2102241 C1, CL F41H 5/04, publ. 01.20.1998)

This known armor plate has a higher level of armor resistance compared to the plate according to patent RU 2371660, but a lower level of safe stresses σ _{cr of the} welded structure of armored engineering objects.

The aim of the invention is the development of a layered armor plate based on aluminum alloys, in particular based on alloys of the A1-Zn-Mg system, for welded armor with an increased level of armor resistance and an increased level of corrosion resistance. The technical result is to increase the armor resistance, as well as the level of safe stresses σ _{cr of} laminated plates of welded armored structures of armored vehicles.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a layered armor plate based on aluminum alloys includes front, middle and back layers of aluminum alloys, as well as thin layers with a thickness of 1-3% of the thickness of the plate, located between these layers and on the outer surfaces of the front and back layers, thin layers are made of aluminum alloy containing zinc, silicon, manganese, iron, titanium and impurities in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

zinc 0.9-1.3 silicon ≤0.30 manganese ≤0.025 iron ≤0.3 titanium ≤0.15 impurities ≤0.05 individually and ≤0.15 in total aluminum rest,

the front and back layers are made with a thickness of 3-23% of the thickness of the plate from an aluminum alloy containing zinc, magnesium, manganese, chromium, titanium, zirconium, copper, iron, silicon and impurities, which with a total content of zinc and magnesium of 5.8-7, 8 wt.% And the ratio of zinc to magnesium 1.95-4.2 contains components in the following ratio, wt.%:

zinc 4,5-5,5 magnesium 1.3-2.3 manganese 0.2-0.7 chromium 0.12-0.40 titanium 0.03-0.12 zirconium 0.07-0.15 copper 0.10-0.30 iron ≤0.35 silicon ≤0.35 impurities ≤0.05 individually and ≤0.15 in total aluminum rest,

and the middle layer is made of an aluminum alloy containing zinc, magnesium, manganese, chromium, titanium, zirconium, copper, iron, silicon and impurities, which with a total content of zinc and magnesium of 7.0-10.8 wt.% and the ratio of zinc to magnesium 1.67-3.9 contains components in the following ratio, wt.%:

zinc 5.0-7.8 magnesium 2.0-3.0 manganese 0.2-0.8 chromium 0.12-0.40 titanium 0.03-0.10 zirconium 0.05-0.12 copper 0.05-0.35 iron ≤0.35 silicon ≤0.35 impurities ≤0.05 individually and ≤0.15 in total aluminum rest.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the layered armored plate based on aluminum includes the front, middle and back layers of aluminum alloys, as well as thin layers with a thickness of 1-3% of the thickness of the plate, located between these layers and on the outer surfaces of the front and back layers, additionally equipped with 1-3 thin layers dividing the back layer into equal parts, while all thin layers are made of aluminum alloy containing zinc, silicon, manganese, iron, titanium and impurities in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

zinc 0.9-1.3 silicon ≤0.30 manganese ≤0.025 iron ≤0.3 titanium ≤0.15 impurities ≤0.05 individually and ≤0.15 in total aluminum rest,

the front and back layers are made with a thickness of 3-23% of the thickness of the plate from an aluminum alloy containing zinc, magnesium, manganese, chromium, titanium, zirconium, copper, iron, silicon and impurities, which with a total content of zinc and magnesium of 5.8-7, 8 wt.% And the ratio of zinc to magnesium 1.95-4.2 contains components in the following ratio, wt.%:

zinc 4,5-5,5 magnesium 1.3-2.3 manganese 0.2-0.7 chromium 0.12-0.40 titanium 0.03-0.12 zirconium 0.07-0.15 copper 0.10-0.30 iron ≤0.35 silicon ≤0.35 impurities ≤0.05 individually and ≤0.15 in total aluminum rest,

and the middle layer is made of aluminum alloy containing zinc, magnesium, manganese, chromium, titanium, zirconium, copper, iron, silicon and impurities, which with a total content of zinc and magnesium of 7.0-10.8 wt.% and the ratio of zinc to magnesium 1.67-3.9 contains components in the following ratio, wt.%:

zinc 5.0-7.8 magnesium 2.0-3.0 manganese 0.2-0.8 chromium 0.12-0.40 titanium 0.03-0.10 zirconium 0.05-0.12 copper 0.05-0.35 iron ≤0.35 silicon ≤0.35 impurities ≤0.05 individually and ≤0.15 in total aluminum rest

Figure 1 and 2 shows the layout of the layers of the plate according to the invention and the preferred path of propagation of cracks of corrosion-fatigue origin in the full-scale model of the welded joint, where:

1 - the front layer;

2 - the middle layer;

3 - back layer;

4 - a thin layer located between the front and middle layer;

5 - a thin layer located between the middle and back layer;

6 - a thin layer located on the outer surface of the front layer;

7 - a thin layer located on the outer surface of the back layer.

8 - thin (thin) layer (s), dividing (dividing) the back layer into equal parts;

9 - weld;

10 - crack;

11 - element of welded armor made of a laminated plate and of a welded aluminum alloy.

The laminated plate according to the invention is obtained by the serial production technology of PAS plates (aluminum laminated plates): assembling a package from sheets of corresponding aluminum alloys → heating → hot rolling to size → cooling → hardening → dressing → finishing heat treatment (aging) → trimming to size.

For a comparative assessment of the corrosion and armor properties of the known plate and the plate according to the invention, a laminated plate with a nominal thickness of 40 mm and a laminated sheet with a thickness of 3 mm in the T1 state were manufactured (heating to a temperature of 470 ± 10 ° C, holding at this temperature for 2-4 hours, hardening into water, artificial aging at a temperature of 95-120 ° C for 20-30 hours, cooling in air).

40 mm thick plates were used to determine armor resistance, and 3 mm thick sheets were used in the manufacture of samples to determine the resistance to corrosion cracking of welded joints.

In a 40 mm thick laminated plate, without additional thin layers in the back layer, the thickness of the front and back layers was 9.5-10% of the thickness of the plate (3.8-4.0 mm), and the thickness of each of the thin layers located between the front , the middle and back layers, as well as on the outer surfaces of the front and back layers, amounted to 2.3-2.5% of the plate thickness (0.92-1.0 mm). In a layered sheet with a thickness of 3 mm, the thickness of the front and back layers was 6.2-6.4% of the thickness of the plate (0.18-0.19 mm), and the thickness of each of the thin layers located between the front, middle and back layers, and also on the outer surfaces of the front and back layers, amounted to 2-2.4% of the plate thickness (0.06-0.07 mm).

In a 40 mm thick laminated plate, additionally containing 2 thin layers dividing the back layer into equal parts, the thickness of the front and back layers was 14.4-15% of the plate thickness (5.75-6.0 mm), and the thickness of each of the thin layers located between the front, middle and back layers, on the outer surfaces of the front and back layers, as well as inside the back layer, amounted to 1.9-2.3% of the plate thickness (0.76-0.92 mm). In a layered sheet with a thickness of 3 mm, the thickness of the front and back layers was 6.2-6.4% of the thickness of the plate (~ 0.18-0.19 mm), and the thickness of each of the thin layers located between the front, middle and back layers, on the outer surfaces of the front and back layers, as well as inside the back layer, it was 2-2.1% of the plate thickness (~ 0.06 mm).

For the manufacture of the front and back layers of the plate and sheet used an aluminum alloy containing the following components, wt.%: Zinc 4.72; magnesium 1.65; manganese 0.34; chrome 0.32; titanium 0.08; zirconium 0.10; copper 0.25; iron 0.25; silicon 0.16; impurities (calcium, sodium, nickel) ~ 0.04 each individually and ~ 0.12 in total; aluminum rest. The total content of zinc and magnesium was 6.37 wt.% And the ratio of zinc to magnesium content was 2.86.

For the manufacture of the middle layer of the plate and sheet used an aluminum alloy containing the following components, wt.%: Zinc 6,11; magnesium 2.65; manganese 0.65; chrome 0.26; titanium 0.07; zirconium 0.09; copper 0.15; iron 0.21; silicon 0.22; impurities (calcium, sodium, nickel) ~ 0.04 each individually and ~ 0.12 in total; aluminum rest. The total content of zinc and magnesium was 8.76 wt.% And the ratio of zinc to magnesium was 2.3.

For the manufacture of thin layers of plate and sheet used aluminum alloy containing the following components, wt.%: Zinc 0.98; silicon 0.23; manganese 0.012; iron 0.18; titanium 0.08; impurities (calcium, sodium, copper, nickel) ~ 0.03 each individually and ~ 0.12 in total; aluminum rest

Welded samples were fabricated using svAMg6 welding wire.

Comparative tests were carried out according to standard methods. Armor properties were determined by firing a B32 bullet with a caliber of 7.62 mm at an angle α = 0 degrees (α is the angle between the trajectory of the bullet (projectile) and the normal to the plate) and shells with a caliber of 23 and 30 mm at an angle of α = 66 degrees with the definition of the maximum speed conditional lesions of V _PCP . After the shelling, the back layer (TS) was also evaluated for splitting and bulging (without splitting).

Assessment of resistance to corrosion damage was carried out by the value of the level of safe stresses σ _cr . The level of safe stresses σ _{cr was} taken to be the stress level at which cracks did not appear in the test samples during the entire test period. The results of comparative tests are presented in the table.

The conducted corrosion tests of full-scale models of welded joints showed that a crack 10 originates, as a rule, at the junction of the weld 9 and the heat-affected zone and propagates in the front layer 1, since the thin layer 4 located between the front 1 and the middle layer 2 is a barrier, preventing the transition of cracks from the front 1 to the middle 2 layer. It should be noted that the time to crack initiation in a welded joint of a sheet (plate) according to the invention is noticeably longer than the time to crack initiation in a welded joint of a known laminated plate.

The propagation speed of the crack 10 in the front layer of a laminated sheet (laminated plate) according to the invention is lower than the propagation velocity in the front layer of a known laminated plate. This indicates that in the claimed technical solution, a thin layer 4 on the outer surface of the front layer provides electrochemical (tread) protection of the front layer 1 in the crack development zone, in contrast to the known technical solution in which a thin layer of technically pure aluminum capable of passivation, protects the face layer mechanically and does not affect the speed of crack propagation.

The presence of additional thin layers in the back layer leads to increased armor resistance, which is especially noticeable when shelling shells. This is primarily due to a decrease in bulging of the back layer (TS).

Table Laminated boards The advantage of the plates according to the invention Characteristics Famous According to the invention Option 1 Option 2 Armored resistance V _PKP (bullet B32), m / s 730 755 755 3.5% higher Armor resistance V _PKP (30 mm shell), m / s 855 880 903 - bulging vehicle no bulging vehicle 5-8% higher The level of safe stresses of welded joints σ _cr , MPa. 140 180 180 1.3 times more Safe stress level for slab σ _cr , MPa 200 280 280 1.4 times more (option 1 - plates according to the invention without additional thin layers in the back layer, option 2 - plates according to the invention with two additional thin layers in the back layer)

The presented results show that the laminated plates for the armor according to the invention in comparison with the known plates have higher armor resistance and also have a higher resistance to stress corrosion cracking. Welded joints using laminate panels of the invention have a significant advantage in resistance to corrosion failure. The use of laminated plates according to the invention in welded structures as the armor of objects of armored vehicles significantly increases their armor resistance and operational reliability.

Claims (2)

1. A layered armor plate based on aluminum, including the front, middle and back layers of aluminum alloys, as well as thin layers with a thickness of 1-3% of the thickness of the plate located between these layers and on the outer surfaces of the front and back layers, characterized in that thin the layers are made of aluminum alloy containing zinc, silicon, manganese, iron, titanium and impurities in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
zinc 0.9-1.3 silicon ≤0.30 manganese ≤0.025 iron ≤0.3 titanium ≤0.15 impurities ≤0.05 individually and ≤0.15 in total aluminum rest,
the front and back layers are made with a thickness of 3-23% of the thickness of the plate from an aluminum alloy containing zinc, magnesium, manganese, chromium, titanium, zirconium, copper, iron, silicon and impurities, which with a total content of zinc and magnesium of 5.8-7, 8 wt.% And the ratio of zinc to magnesium 1.95: 4.2 contains components in the following ratio, wt.%:
zinc 4,5-5,5 magnesium 1.3-2.3 manganese 0.2-0.7 chromium 0.12-0.40 titanium 0.03-0.12 zirconium 0.07-0.15 copper 0.10-0.30 iron ≤0.35 silicon ≤0.35 impurities ≤0.05 individually and ≤0.15 in total aluminum rest,
and the middle layer is made of an aluminum alloy containing zinc, magnesium, manganese, chromium, titanium, zirconium, copper, iron, silicon and impurities, which with a total content of zinc and magnesium of 7.0-10.8 wt.% and the ratio of zinc to magnesium 1.67-3.9 contains components in the following ratio, wt.%:
zinc 5.0-7.8 magnesium 2.0-3.0 manganese 0.2-0.8 chromium 0.12-0.40 titanium 0.03-0.10 zirconium 0.05-0.12 copper 0.05-0.35 iron ≤0.35 silicon ≤0.35 impurities ≤0.05 individually and ≤0.15 in total aluminum rest. 2. A layered armor plate based on aluminum, including the front, middle and back layers of aluminum alloys, as well as thin layers with a thickness of 1-3% of the thickness of the plate located between these layers and on the outer surfaces of the front and back layers, characterized in that equipped with 1-3 thin layers, dividing the back layer into equal parts, and all thin layers are made of aluminum alloy containing zinc, silicon, manganese, iron, titanium and impurities in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
zinc 0.9-1.3 silicon ≤0.30 manganese ≤0.025 iron ≤0.3 titanium ≤0.15 impurities ≤0.05 individually and ≤0.15 in total aluminum rest,
the front and back layers are made with a thickness of 3-23% of the thickness of the plate from an aluminum alloy containing zinc, magnesium, manganese, chromium, titanium, zirconium, copper, iron, silicon and impurities, which with a total content of zinc and magnesium of 5.8-7, 8 wt.% And the ratio of zinc to magnesium 1.95-4.2 contains components in the following ratio, wt.%:
zinc 4,5-5,5 magnesium 1.3-2.3 manganese 0.2-0.7 chromium 0.12-0.40 titanium 0.03-0.12 zirconium 0.07-0.15 copper 0.10-0.30 iron ≤0.35 silicon ≤0.35 impurities ≤0.05 individually and ≤0.15 in total aluminum rest,
and the middle layer is made of aluminum alloy containing zinc, magnesium, manganese, chromium, titanium, zirconium, copper, iron, silicon and impurities, which with a total content of zinc and magnesium of 7.0-10.8 wt.% and the ratio of zinc to magnesium 1.67-3.9 contains components in the following ratio, wt.%:
zinc 5.0-7.8 magnesium 2.0-3.0 manganese 0.2-0.8 chromium 0.12-0.40 titanium 0.03-0.10 zirconium 0.05-0.12 copper 0.05-0.35 iron ≤0.35 silicon ≤0.35 impurities ≤0.05 individually and ≤0.15 in total aluminum rest

Images