RU2445924C2 - Method and device for single-image visualisation of cervical spine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medical equipment, namely devices and systems for neurophysiological control, testing and studying in clinical and intraoperative examination. A position controller for repositioning a patient's body part comprises an elongated extension arm, first and second handles, and first and second carriers. The elongated extension arm has a first end and a second end. The first handle is attached to the first end of the elongated arm and comprises an elongated portion, an widened portion extending from the elongated portion, and an extension bar extending from the widened portion. The extension bar is curved downwards to the second end of the elongated arm. The second handle is attached to the second end of the elongated arm and comprises the elongated portion, the widened portion extending from the elongated portion, and the extension bar extending from the widened portion. The extension bar is curved downwards to the first end of the elongated arm. The first carrier has a first end detachably coupled with the elongated arm, a second end, and a supporting base having a central portion and the first and second extension bars extending from the central portion. The first extension bar has a curvature radius of a first length. The second extension bar has a curvature radius of a second length different from the curvature radius of the first length. The second carrier is at the preset distance from the first carrier and comprises the first end detachably coupled with the elongated arm, the second end, and the supporting base having the central portion and the first and second extension bars extending from the central portion. The first extension bar has the curvature radius of the first length. The second extension bar has the curvature radius of the second length different from the curvature radius of the first length. The carriers are substantially perpendicular to the elongated arm.

EFFECT: invention optimises an X-ray area in radiography with fixing patient's shoulders placed so that to avoid X-ray difficulties.

16 dwg

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

In medicine, the human spine or spine is also known as the spinal column. It serves as a support for the body; thanks to the spine, a person is able to bend and bend in any direction; The spine protects vital organs such as the nerves that pass through it.

As shown in FIG. 1, the human spine consists of a column of blocks, known as vertebrae, which are located one above the other and with the help of elastic ligaments form the spinal column. Several sections are distinguished in the spine: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal.

The cervical region includes seven vertebrae and eight pairs of cervical nerves. The cervical vertebrae are located in the neck, immediately below the skull. The human cervical vertebrae are designated C1-C7. Cervical nerves are designated C1-C8. In the thoracic spine, there are twelve vertebrae that are located in the upper and middle parts of the spinal column and are designated as T1-T12. The lumbar spine includes five vertebrae, which are located in the lower part of the spinal column and are designated as L1-L5. The fifth lumbar vertebra is located on the sacrum, which in turn is connected to the coccyx. The sacrum consists of several vertebrae fused together. With its lower part, the sacrum is connected to the pelvis; the pelvic ring supports the body, which, in turn, is supported by the femurs.

When performing anterior cervical discectomy or spinal fusion at the level of the cervical spine, an X-ray may be needed. But radiography during surgical operations is difficult due to anatomical obstacles, for example, the patient's shoulders or jaw interfere. It is extremely rare to see all seven cervical vertebrae of a patient during an X-ray examination, since the patient's jaw can block the cervical vertebrae C1 and C2, and the patient's shoulders can block the cervical C7 and first thoracic T1 vertebrae.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to devices and systems for neurophysiological control, testing and examination in clinical and intraoperative studies.

The present invention contains a device that optimizes intraoperative radiography, eliminating interference with radiography of the cervical spine. The device supports the shoulders of the patient in the position in which all the cervical vertebrae are visible during radiography.

This device is a shoulder vise used during radiography of the patient's cervical or cervicothoracic spine. The device optimizes the radiographic area of the patient during radiography. The device fixes the patient’s shoulders and positions them so that they do not interfere with radiography. The device is used in clinical situations and in intensive care units, as well as during operations, for example, with anterior cervical discectomy or with spinal fusion of the cervical spine.

The invention allows the device to be positioned so that it changes the position of a part of the patient’s body. The positioning device comprises an elongated sliding rod having a first end and a second end, a first handle, a second handle, a first bracket and a second bracket. The first handle is attached to the first end of the elongated rod and comprises an elongated portion, an expanded portion extending from the elongated portion, and an extension extending from the expanded portion. The extension cord is made with a bend in the lower direction to the second end of the elongated rod. The second handle is attached to the second end of the elongated rod and comprises an elongated portion, an expanded portion extending from the elongated portion, and an extension extending from the expanded portion. The extension cord is made with a bend in the lower direction to the first end of the elongated rod. The first bracket has a first end detachably attached to the elongated rod and a second end located substantially perpendicular to the elongated rod. The first bracket also comprises a base having a central portion, a first extension extending from the central portion, and a second extension extending from the central portion, the first extension having a radius of curvature of the first length and the second extension having a radius of curvature of a second length that differs from the radius of curvature first length. The second bracket, located at a predetermined distance from the first bracket, has a first end detachably connected to an elongated rod, and a second end and is located essentially perpendicular to the elongated rod. The second bracket also comprises a base having a central portion, a first extension extending from the central portion, and a second extension extending from the central portion, the first extension having a radius of curvature of the first length and the second extension having a radius of curvature of a second length that differs from the radius of curvature first length.

Other aspects of the present invention will be presented in the detailed description and in the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a side view of the human spine.

Figure 2 is a top view of a positioning device in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 3 is a rear view of the positioning device shown in Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a side surface of the bracket of the proposed positioning device shown in Figure 2.

Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the side surface of the bracket shown in Figure 4.

Fig.6 is a rear view of the bracket shown in Fig.4.

Fig.7 is a side surface of the positioning device shown in Fig.2.

Fig. 8 is a partial side view of the positioning device shown in Fig. 2.

Fig.9 is a partial side view of the positioning device shown in Fig.2.

Figure 10 is a partial side view of the positioning device shown in Figure 2.

11 is a partial side view of the positioning device shown in FIG. 2.

Fig is a spatial image of a portion of the positioning device shown in Fig.2.

Fig.13 is a spatial image of a portion of the positioning device shown in Fig.2.

Fig. 14 is a partial side view of the positioning device shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 15 is a partial side view of the positioning device shown in Fig. 2.

Fig.16 is a partial side view of the positioning device shown in Fig.2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before proceeding to a detailed description of the invention, it should be clarified that the invention is not limited to the features of its implementation presented in the drawings, the arrangement of elements and the following description. The invention allows for other options for implementation and implementation or implementation in practice in various ways. It is clear that the wording and terms used to describe should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The use of the expressions “including”, “comprising”, “having” and their variants implies the inclusion of the elements listed below and their equivalents, as well as additional elements. Unless otherwise specified, the expressions “established”, “connected”, “supported” and “connected” and their variants are used in a broad sense and imply both direct and indirect installation, connection, support, binding. In addition, the terms “coupled” and “coupled” are not limited to physical or mechanical bonding or bonding.

Although the expressions used to indicate the direction, such as upper, lower, down, up, back, bottom, front, back, etc., can be given in the description of the drawings, these references are made in relation to the drawings (if they are correctly oriented) and made for convenience. Direction indicators should not be taken unconditionally and in any way limit the present invention. In addition, expressions found in the document, such as “first”, “second” and “third”, are used to describe and do not matter preference or importance.

In the case of operations or with injuries of the neck or spine, the doctor must take radiographs of the anterior and lateral cervical vertebrae. However, the cervical spine of the patient is often obscured by the anatomical location of his shoulders and / or jaw. All seven cervical vertebrae are very rarely seen in one picture with an X-ray of the cervical or cervicothoracic spine. The jaw of the patient usually obscures the first (C1) and second (C2) cervical vertebrae, and his shoulders obstruct the first cervical vertebra (C7) and / or the first thoracic vertebra (T1).

Figure 2 presents the positioning device 10, made in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The positioning device 10 is used to lower the patient's shoulders caudally lower for more detailed radiography of the anterior and anterolateral cervical regions. The positioning device 10 or at least part of the device 10 is made of an X-ray transmitting material, for example carbon fiber. In the manufacture of the device 10, you can use other materials that transmit x-ray radiation. X-ray transparent material prevents the positioning device 10 or its parts from appearing on the x-ray image, in other words, the device 10 does not obscure the x-ray image viewing area. The positioning device 10 allows the location at the correct level after the intercorporeal placement of the device, contributes to the correct placement of disks in the picture and intraoperative confirmation.

The positioning device 10 comprises an elongated rod 14 with a first part 18 and a second part 22. The first part 18 has a first end 26 and a second end 30 of a first diameter. The second part 22 has a first end 34 and a second end 38 of a second diameter. The first and second diameters are different from each other so that the second end 30 of the first part 18 slides inside the first end 34 of the second part 22. In other words, the elongated rod 14 is extensible with the possibility of adjustment for different lengths. For telescopic extension of the rod, its first part 18 or second part 22 may comprise a sliding bearing. In another embodiment, to facilitate the extension of the telescopic rod, its first 18 part and second part 22 may contain a powder coating inside. In some embodiments, the outer side of the first 18 and second part 22 may comprise a sputter made of chromium or another material. The coating facilitates cleaning and / or disinfection of the device 10.

The first left part 18 has a group of holes 42 located along its entire length. The second part 22 of the rod has an opening 46 located near the first end 34. The first part 18 and the second part 22 of the rod 14 have a square cross section, but other cross-sectional shapes are also acceptable.

The positioning device 10 also includes a handle 50 connected to the second part 22 of the extension rod 14. The handle 50 includes a base 54, a pin 58 and a protrusion 62 extending from the pin 58. The pin 58 may include a spring 62 or any other elastic element. The protrusion 62 is made commensurate with the hole 46 of the second part 22 of the sliding rod and with the holes 42 of the first part 18 so that it can be inserted there. The handle 50 adjusts the length of the extension bar 14. For example, the handle 50 is used to pull the pin 58 and remove the protrusion 62 from the openings 42 and 46 so that the first part 18 can slide into the second part 22. In this case, the handle 50 is pulled out so that the protrusion 62 enters into the corresponding holes 42 and 46 (hole 46 is aligned with one of the holes 42).

The positioning device 10 also includes a first handle 66 mounted on the first end 26 of the first part 18 of the extension bar 14, and a second handle 70 installed on the second end 38 of the second part 22 of the extension bar 14. The first handle 66 and the second handle 70 comprise ergonomic handles providing lateral stability when placing the positioning device 10. Both the first handle 66 and the second handle 70 comprise an elongated portion 74 and an extended portion 78 extending therefrom, which is integral with the elongated portion 74. Both the first handle 66 and the second handle 70 also contain an extension cord 82 extending from the expanded part 78 and being integral with this part. The extension 82 narrows in cross section as it moves away from the expanded portion 78. The extension 82 is bent downward toward the opposite end of the extended rod 14. The first handle 66 and the second handle 70 may be made of rubber, silicone, or any other suitable material and / or combination of materials.

The positioning device 10 comprises a first connection 86 connected to and extending from and extending from the first part 18 of the extension bar 14 and a second connection 90 connected to and extending therefrom from the second part 22 of the extension bar 14. The first connection 86 and the second connection 90 are oriented essentially perpendicular to the telescopic rod 14. The positioning device 10 also includes a first bracket 94 and a second bracket 98, detachably connected, respectively, with the first connection 86 and the second connection 90. The first bracket 94 and the second bracket 98 have substantially the same construction, therefore, only the first bracket 94 is described in the following description. In another embodiment, the first bracket 94 may be attached directly to the first second sliding portion 18 of rod 14, and the second bracket 98 may be attached directly to the second portion 22 of the sliding rod 14.

Figures 4 and 5 show a first bracket 94 and a second bracket 98. The first bracket 94 comprises an elongated rod 102 with a first end 106 and a second end 110. The elongated rod 102 has a length substantially limited by the distance between the person’s head and his shoulder. The first end 106 is arranged to fit inside the first joint 86, and it is held inside by friction. The rod 102 has a circular cross-section, but other cross-sectional shapes are also acceptable.

The first bracket 94 also includes a base 114 connected to the second end 110 of the rod 102. The base 114 is C-shaped and defines a recess 118 for the patient’s shoulder. The base 114 has a central portion 122, a first extension 126 extending from the central portion 122, and a second extension 130 extending from the central portion 122. The first extension 126 has a radius of curvature of the first length 134. The second extension 130 has a radius of curvature of the second length 138. In some In embodiments, the first length 134 and the second length 138 are the same. In other embodiments, the first length 134 and the second length 138 are different.

For example, the first length 134 may be approximately 10.8 cm (4.25 inches), and the second length 138 may be approximately 10.2 cm (4.0 inches).

As shown in FIG. 2, the first bracket 94 and the second bracket 98 are spaced apart from each other by a distance of the shoulder width of the patient. As previously mentioned, the extension bar 14 can be adjusted according to the shoulder width of the patient. The distance between the first stand 94 and the second stand 98 limits the opening 142 to accommodate the patient’s head.

In working condition, the device 10 is extended to the width of the patient’s shoulders and applied to his shoulders. When the patient is in a substantially horizontal position, the extension bar 14 exerts symmetrical pressure on his shoulders. In this case, the first bracket and the second bracket exert downward pressure (i.e., to the table on which the patient is lying) when the pressure is applied to the extension bar 14. When the downward pressure is applied to the extension bar 14, the patient’s shoulders are also pushed down and out of the field of view of x-ray radiation. Thus, the device 10 allows you to take an x-ray of the first C1, second C2, seventh C7 and eighth C8 of the cervical vertebrae in one radiographic image.

Claims (1)

A positioning device for changing the position of a part of a patient’s body, comprising:
an elongated sliding rod having a first end and a second end,
a first handle attached to the first end of the elongated rod and comprising an elongated portion, an expanded portion extending from the elongated portion, and an extension extending from the expanded portion, the extender being bent downwardly toward the second end of the elongated rod,
a second handle attached to the second end of the elongated rod and comprising an elongated portion, an expanded portion extending from the elongated portion, and an extension extending from the expanded portion, the extender being bent downwardly toward the first end of the elongated rod,
a first bracket having:
a first end detachably connected to the elongated rod, and a second end, the first bracket being arranged substantially perpendicular to the elongated rod,
a base having a central portion and first and second extensions extending from the central portion,
moreover, the first extension has a radius of curvature of the first length, and the second extension has a radius of curvature of the second length, which differs from the radius of curvature of the first length, and a second bracket located at a predetermined distance from the first bracket and containing:
a first end detachably connected to the elongated rod, and a second end, the second bracket being arranged substantially perpendicular to the elongated rod,
a base having a central portion and first and second extensions extending from the central portion,
moreover, the first extension has a radius of curvature of the first length, and the second extension has a radius of curvature of a second length, which differs from the radius of curvature of the first length.

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