RU2445272C1 - Method of decontaminating water with synergetic action - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in treating drinking and waste water, as well as pool water. To realise the method of decontaminating water with synergetic action, a stream of water undergoes preliminary hydrodynamic treatment in a cavitational flow reactor, followed by final sterilisation of the stream in a reservoir with dispersed silver particles obtained by passing the stream through the chamber of the cavitational reactor. The chamber consists of a rectangular channel of width b and height h, linked by the relationship b=(0.45-0.55)h, where the centre of the channel accommodates a cylindrical cavitation exciter and two sheet-like substrates mounted behind the bases of the exciter along the direction of flow, linked by the following relationships: H=h, B=b, D=h, L=(3-3.5)D, where H is the height of the cavitation exciter, m, D is the diameter of the cavitation exciter, m, B is the width of the substrate, m, L is the length of the substrate, m. The cavitation exciter and the substrate are made from a silver-containing metal.

EFFECT: providing high level of decontamination and conversion of water.

3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of ensuring human life safety, and in particular to the disinfection of both drinking and wastewater, can be used in the treatment of pool water and other both open and closed tanks.

A known method of disinfecting water, in which in flowing volumes carry out a synergistic effect on the disinfected stream, performing hydrodynamic treatment and subsequent processing with ultraviolet radiation (see application France No. 2637582 from 04/13/90).

The disadvantages of this method include the low efficiency of the hydrodynamic treatment, which is carried out by cavitation, by exciting the flow of cavitational phenomena by turbulization without additional cavitation-inducing techniques.

There is also known a method of disinfecting water with a synergistic effect, in which preliminary hydrodynamic treatment of the water flow in a flow-through cavitation reactor is carried out, followed by ultraviolet radiation (see RF patent No. 2209772 dated August 10, 2003).

However, there is the possibility of re-infection of water with microbiological objects after water treatment.

The task was set for the developers: to create a method of complex disinfection of water with the effect of aftereffect at the first stage of exposure - hydrodynamic cavitation, which ensures the destruction of colonies of microbial cells to the level of single cells and further destruction of the outer shell of each cell, at the second stage of exposure - silver - metal, possessing oligodynamic properties, providing the final sterilization of the flow and the effect of conservation by metal adsorption on the cell surface with the next blocking of the enzyme systems of the cell, which subsequently causes its death, and the presence in the liquid of dispersed metal particles formed as a result of cavitation destruction, protects the water from re-infection.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the level of disinfection and preservation of water due to the dispersion of silver during cavitation treatment of water.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of disinfecting water with a synergistic effect, in which preliminary the hydrodynamic treatment of the water flow in a flow-type cavitation reactor with subsequent final sterilization of the flow is proposed, the final sterilization of the water flow is made in the tank with dispersed silver particles obtained as a result of the flow passing through chamber of a cavitation reactor, consisting of a rectangular channel of width b and height h, connected the ratio

inside of which a cylindrical cavitation pathogen and two leaf substrates are attached to the center of the channel, fixed to the pathogen bases along the flow direction, interconnected by the relations:

where H is the height of the cavitation pathogen, m,

D is the diameter of the causative agent of cavitation, m,

In - the width of the substrate, m,

L is the length of the substrate, m,

while the cavitation pathogen and the substrate are made of

silver-containing metal.

The essence of the processes is explained as follows. The negative effect of cavitation - hydroabrasive wear of metals - in the proposed method is used as a positive effect and plays two functions. Firstly, it is aimed at breaking down the protective barriers of microorganism cells, which further enhances the effectiveness of water disinfection. Secondly, the destruction and simultaneous dispersion of the metal in the cavitation zone in the liquid stream occurs. The sizes of the dispersed particles range from 10 ^-4 to 10 ^-8 m. As a result, a highly dispersed system with a highly developed interphase surface is formed.

The cavitation pathogen and two leaf substrates located in the cavitation zone are destroyed. The material from which they are made is metal with a large mass fraction of silver. The metal composition of the silver content is the know-how of the authors. Silver has a strong oligodynamic effect. Thin dispersion of it in a liquid stream allows to increase the specific surface of contact with microorganisms, and consequently, the amount of sorbed silver ions in the cell membranes damaged by cavitation. When sorbing their excess, silver penetrates into the cell and is retained by the cytoplasmic membrane. The main enzyme systems of the cell are located in the cytoplasmic membrane. Silver blocks bacterial enzymes, as a result of which the cell dies (see Kulsky L.A. Silver Water. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1987. - 136 p.).

Upon receipt of hydrodynamic cavitation treatment, the water flow is narrowed to a flow speed of 19.0 ÷ 28.0 m / s, then cavitation processes are excited, providing the formation of powerful shock waves, cumulative water micro-jets and high-temperature thermal pulses.

The maximum biocidal effect of cavitation falls on the value of the cavitation stage λ = 2 ÷ 3 (see Hydrodynamic cavitation disinfects water / Flegentov I.V., Degterev B.I., Belyaev A.N., Akchurin R.Yu. - Ecology and industry of Russia . - 2000. - No. 11. - P.14-15), which is found by the formula

,

,

where l is the length of the cavitation zone, m,

D is the diameter of the cavitation pathogen, D = 3 ÷ 12 mm.

The effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on microorganisms is most effective when the fluid flow rate in the channel of the cavitation reactor reaches 19.0-28.0 m / s. At a flow velocity of less than 19.0 m / s, the energy released during the passage of cavitation processes is not enough to break the protective barriers of microbial cells. At a speed of more than 28.0 m / s, studies have shown that the hydraulic resistance to the transmitted flow increases significantly due to the strong turbulization of the compressed section zone, which leads to a decrease in the flow energy aimed at the destruction of cells (see RF patent No. 2209772 dated August 10, 2003 of the year).

Figure 1 presents the technological diagram of the implementation of the proposed method, figure 2 and figure 3 - diagram of a flowing cavitation reactor in 2 sections for use in the method of complex biocidal water treatment. The positions indicated: 1 - reservoir; 2 - pump; 3, 5 - control valves; 4 - flow volume (cavitation reactor); 6 - flow meter; 7 - cavitation reactor vessel; 8 - causative agent of cavitation; 9 - sheet substrates; 10 - removable cover cavitation reactor.

The method is as follows.

The flow of disinfected water is sent to the flow volume 4, in which the processes of biocidal treatment of the liquid and obtaining a highly dispersed system based on silver particles with oligodynamic properties are carried out. Here, the destruction of materials in contact with the cavitation zone, including microorganisms in water, the death of some living and weakened microorganisms, the breakdown of specific protective barriers of microbial cells as a whole, takes place. The final treatment of water is carried out in a stream and in a reservoir by subsequent contact of damaged and weakened cells with finely dispersed silver particles in the liquid and obtained as a result of cavitation erosion of cavitation pathogens and substrates.

The treated water from the tank 1 by the pump 2 is supplied through a valve 3, which provides the necessary flow rate of 19.0 ÷ 28.0 m / s, enters the flow volume 4, made in the form of a cavitation reactor, in the housing 7 of which is made a rectangular channel with a width of b and h height. A cylindrical cavitation pathogen 8 with a diameter D is located along the channel axis. Behind the pathogen bases, there are sheet substrates 9, which are mounted in the lids of the reactor 10 and together with them form opposite channel walls. The necessary backpressure in the system for changing the length of the cavitation zone is created by a valve 5, which provides hydraulic resistance in the flow volume 4. The operation modes of the system are controlled by a flowmeter 6. After processing by hydrodynamic cavitation, the water flow flows back to the tank 1, where the flow is finally sterilized.

For practical use of the method of water disinfection by synergistic exposure, the table proposes the values of the parameters of the cavitation reactor and the operating modes of the technological scheme, based on the daily need for water treatment.

The main direction of implementation of the method is the disinfection of water in swimming pools, both swimming and used in individual housing construction. The method is also applicable for the prevention of epidemic and other diseases transmitted by water in emergency situations.

Table Volume
reservoir, m Water Consumption, m ³ / h Parameters of cavitation reactor, mm maxi
small mini
small diameter of cavitation pathogen channel width channel height cavitation pathogen height substrate width substrate length thirty 1.8 1,2 3.0 6.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 10.5 fifty 3.2 2.2 4.0 8.0 4.0 4.0 8.0 14.0 80 5,0 3.4 5,0 10.0 5,0 5,0 10.0 17.5 110 7.3 4.9 6.0 12.0 6.0 6.0 12.0 21.0 160 9.9 6.7 7.0 14.0 7.0 7.0 14.0 24.5 200 12.9 8.7 8.0 16,0 8.0 8.0 16,0 28.0 260 16.3 11.0 9.0 18.0 9.0 9.0 18.0 31.5 320 20,2 13.7 10.0 20,0 10.0 10.0 20,0 35.0 390 24.4 16.6 11.0 22.0 11.0 11.0 22.0 38.5 470 29.0 19.7 12.0 24.0 12.0 12.0 24.0 42.0

The proposed method of disinfecting water with a synergistic effect allows to increase the level of disinfection and preservation of water due to the destruction and dispersion of silver during cavitation treatment of water.

Claims (1)

A method of disinfecting water with a synergistic effect, in which preliminary the hydrodynamic treatment of the water stream in a flow-type cavitation reactor is carried out, followed by the final sterilization of the stream, characterized in that the final sterilization of the water stream is carried out in the tank with dispersed silver particles obtained by passing the stream through the chamber of the cavitation reactor, consisting of a rectangular channel of width b and height h, connected by the relation b = (0.45 ÷ 0.55) h, inside which is placed in the center of the channel by a cylindrical cavitation pathogen and two leaf substrates fixed to the pathogen bases along the flow direction, interconnected by the relations H = h, B = b, D = h, L = (3 ÷ 3,5) D,
where H is the height of the cavitation pathogen, m,
D is the diameter of the causative agent of cavitation, m,
In - the width of the substrate, m,
L is the length of the substrate, m,
while the causative agent of cavitation and the substrate are made of silver-containing metal.

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