RU2444485C1 - Additive for construction mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the industry of construction materials and specifically to compositions of additives for construction mixtures which can be used as plaster, spackling and assembling mixtures. The additive for construction mixtures contains lime scum - a sugar industry waste, heated to temperature between 130 to 280°C, held at said temperature for up to 4 hours and cellulose ester in the following ratio, wt %: said lime scum 89.3-99.5, cellulose ether 0.5-10.7. The additive can also contain at least one additional active ingredient selected from a group comprising redispersed polymeric powder, water-soluble plasticising, air-entraining, hydrophobisation, rheologic and dispersing additives.

EFFECT: high moisture retention capacity of the mixture.

2 cl, 4 dwg, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the building materials industry, and in particular to the compositions of additives for building mixtures, which can be used as part of plaster, putty, mounting mixtures.

An important property for mortar is water retention. Water-holding additives, such as cellulose ethers with good water-holding properties, are widely used for the preparation of building mixtures.

A well-known complex additive for dry gypsum mixtures containing methyl cellulose together with technical calcium chloride and ground silicate block (RU 2257356 C2, IPC С04В 24/04, С04В 22/08, publ. 07.27.2005).

The disadvantage of this invention is the low water holding ability of the plaster and putty from dry gypsum mixtures based on additives, the presence of an energy-intensive process for grinding components.

Known complex modifying additive for mortar containing a mineral component and cellulose ether. As a mineral component, fillers (dolomite flour, limestone flour, marble flour, pulverized silica) and aggregates (silica sand) are used (RU 2364576 C1, IPC С04В 24/38, С04В 103/30, published on 08.20.2009).

The disadvantage of the invention is the low water-holding ability of mortars based on additives, the lack of the possibility of using additives in dry construction mixtures.

Known basic formulation of gypsum putty mixtures. The composition includes gypsum, a water-retaining additive, a retarder, lime hydrated, limestone flour as a filler, as well as at least one additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of redispersible polymer powders, water-soluble plasticizing, air-entraining, water-repellent, rheological, dispersing additives. Cellulose ethers are used as a water-holding additive, and tartaric acid is used as a setting retarder (Prescription Guide to Dry Building Mixtures / V.I. Korneev, P.V. Zozulya, I.N. Medvedeva, G.A. Nuzhdina. - St. Petersburg .: RIA “Quintet”, 2010. - p. 225, tab. 103, section water-retaining additive, p. 226, section retarders, p. 217, tab. 100, p. 235, tab. 110). This basic composition is the closest analogue of the claimed invention.

The disadvantage of putty mixtures of this basic composition is the low water-holding ability, a large number of constituent components.

The technical task of the invention is to increase the water holding capacity of gypsum mixtures based on this additive, reducing the number of components in the composition of building mixtures.

The stated technical problem is solved by the fact that cellulose ether is introduced into the composition of the additive for gypsum mixtures as a water-retaining additive, and defecate is introduced as a setting retarder - sugar production waste heated at a specific temperature in the range from 130 to 280 ° C with holding at this temperature within 0 to 4 hours. Defecate consists of 70% finely divided limestone with a grain size of 30-40 microns and 30% of organic compounds of plant origin.

Defecate heating and holding at a certain temperature can be carried out in a furnace or a drying drum with a heated languishing hopper, or a heat unit similar to a gypsum boiler with a heat jacket. After cooling, the defecate together with ether is mixed in a mixer at a certain ratio of components. The value of the heating temperature and the time of temperature exposure of the defect affect the change in the water-holding ability of cellulose ethers in building mixtures. The more time a defect is held at a certain temperature, the greater will be the water-holding capacity of cellulose ethers in the composition of gypsum mixtures with this additive, which makes it possible to control the water-holding capacity of building mixtures. The components for the additive are taken in the following ratio, wt.%: Defecate 89.3-99.5; cellulose ether 0.5-10.7. As cellulose ethers, methyl cellulose derivatives Culminal 8384 and Rutocel 75RT70000 (manufactured by Hercules) are taken.

The additive also contains at least one additional active ingredient selected from the group consisting of redispersible polymer powders, water-soluble plasticizing, air-entraining, water-repellent, rheological, dispersing additives.

This additive increases the water-holding ability of gypsum mixtures, in addition to this, in the composition of gypsum mixtures, the defect is additionally a setting retarder and also a filler.

Tests of mixtures with gypsum grade G6 of the Arakchinsky plant of the Republic of Tatarstan, the defect of the Buinsky sugar factory and Culminal 8384 ether were tested. The defecate was heated to a specific temperature, and then kept at this temperature in three versions: for 0, 2 and 4 hours. The tests were carried out for mixtures of gypsum: defecate: ether = 89.5: 10: 0.5, in the following ratio of the components of the additive, wt.%: Defecate: ether = 95.2: 4.8.

The water-holding ability of the mixtures was determined according to GOST 5802-86, but the results were often very dense, which did not always allow us to see the positive or negative effect of changes in the experiments of individual parameters. Therefore, to determine the water holding capacity of the mixtures, a more visual organoleptic method was used along with GOST, when the mixture of the tested binder was applied to a substrate of dried standard gypsum beam (40 × 40 × 160 mm) 1-2 mm thick (“thin layer”) and 5 thick -6 mm (“thick layer”) and determined by touch (with a finger) the time during which this mixture remained movable (sticky) until it solidified (“lifetime of the mixture”), i.e. to a state where technological operations on laying on glue, grout, plaster with this mixture are no longer possible.

For comparison, the same beam was applied a similar layer of gypsum mixtures of the basic composition of the prototype with tartaric acid and ether: gypsum: tartaric acid: ether: hydrated lime = 99.5: 0.05: 0.5: 1.

The test results on the water-holding ability of the mixtures at temperatures of defecate heat treatment in the range from 120 to 290 ° C with a holding time at a certain temperature in the values of 0 min, 120 min, 240 minutes are presented in table 1.

Table 1 Summary table of results on water retention capacity (organoleptic method) The composition of the mixtures: gypsum 89.5%; defecate 10%; C8384 ether 0.5% (Additive composition: defecate 95.2%; C8384 ether 4.8%) Mixture with tartaric acid: gypsum: tartaric acid: ether: hydrated lime = 99.5: 0.05: 0.5: 1 Defecate holding temperature Test Defecate holding time at various temperatures, min 0 120 240 120 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min 3,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 Life time in a thick layer, min 35 45 45 80 Life time in a thin layer, min 3,5 4,5 5 4,5 130 ° C Life time in a thick layer, min 45 55 65 80 140 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min 3,5 4,5 5 5 Life time in a thick layer, min 40 fifty 55 80 160 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min 3,5 4,5 5 5 Life time in a thick layer, min 45 60 70 80 180 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min four 5 5.5 5 Life time in a thick layer, min fifty 70 75 80 200 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min four 5 5.5 4,5 Life time in a thick layer, min 65 80 90 75 220 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min four 5.5 6 4,5 Life time in a thick layer, min 65 85 95 80 230 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min 4,5 5.5 7 5 Life time in a thick layer, min 65 85 95 80 240 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min 4,5 6.5 7.5 4,5 Life time in a thick layer, min 70 90 one hundred 75 245 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min 5 6 7 4,5 Life time in a thick layer, min 80 90 one hundred 80 250 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min 5.5 6 7 4,5 Life time in a thick layer, min 80 95 one hundred 75 255 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min 4,5 5.5 6.5 4,5 Life time in a thick layer, min 75 90 95 75 260 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min four 5.5 6 4,5 Life time in a thick layer, min 70 85 95 80 270 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min four 4,5 5 4,5 Life time in a thick layer, min 70 85 85 80 280 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min 3,5 4,5 5 4,5 Life time in a thick layer, min 70 70 70 70 290 ° C Life time in a thin layer, min 3,5 four four 4,5 Life time in a thick layer, min 55 60 60 70

Figure 1 according to table 1 shows a graph of the water holding capacity of gypsum mixtures depending on the heating temperature and the exposure time of the defect at this temperature.

It can be seen from Figure 1 that, at zero defect exposure, the maximum lifetime in a thin layer is 5.5 minutes at a temperature of 250 ° C, up to this temperature, the lifetime at zero exposure increases, and then with a further increase in temperature, the lifetime decreases.

With two-hour and four-hour aging of the defect, the maximum lifetime in thin layers is obtained at a temperature of 240 ° C (6.5 minutes at 2-hour exposure, 7.5 minutes at 4-hour exposure).

With zero exposure of the defect to water-holding capacity, our mixture overtakes the mixture with tartaric acid when the defecate is heated to a temperature of more than 240 ° C and less than 255 ° C. With a 2-hour exposure of the defecate, our mixture overtakes the mixture with tartaric acid when the defecate is heated to a temperature of more than 160 ° C and less than 270 ° C. With a 4-hour exposure of the defecate, our mixture overtakes the mixture with tartaric acid when the defecate is heated to a temperature of more than 120 ° C and less than 285 ° C. The water holding capacity of this additive in the composition of the gypsum binder is maximum.

A mixture with tartaric acid composition gypsum: tartaric acid: ether: hydrated lime = 99.5: 0.05: 0.5: 1 has a setting time of 155 minutes, a mixture with a defect composition of gypsum: defecate: ether = 89.5: 10: 0.5 (the ratio of the components of the additive defecate: ether = 95.2: 4.8) has a setting time of 43 to 240 minutes, depending on the variant of the temperature treatment of the defecate (see table 2).

table 2 The setting time of gypsum mixtures gypsum: defecate: ether = 89.5: 10: 0.5 at temperatures of heating the defecate from 120 to 290 ° C while holding the defecate at these temperatures for 0 minutes, 120 minutes and 240 minutes Mixture composition: gypsum 89.5%, defecate 10%, ether C8384 0.5% (additive composition: defecate 95.2%: ether C8384 4.8%) Defecate holding time at various temperatures, min Defecate holding temperature Setting time 0 120 240 120 ° C Setting time, min 43 fifty fifty Setting time, min 70 75 80 130 ° C Setting time, min 44 fifty 52 Setting time, min 70 75 80 140 ° C Setting time, min 46 fifty 55 Setting time, min 70 75 85 160 ° C Setting time, min 52 60 70 Setting time, min 78 90 95 180 ° C Setting time, min 65 80 105 Setting time, min 95 110 140 200 ° C Setting time, min 80 140 180 Setting time, min 115 180 220 220 ° C Setting time, min 118 170 200 Setting time, min 155 200 252 230 ° C Setting time, min 116 195 235 Setting time, min 140 225 275 240 ° C Setting time, min 190 225 240 Setting time, min 230 265 270 245 ° C Setting time, min 185 220 200 Setting time, min 220 255 235 250 ° C Setting time, min 180 200 180 Setting time, min 210 230 210 255 ° C Setting time, min 180 200 180 Setting time, min 205 235 215 260 ° C Setting time, min 180 175 150 Setting time, min 210 205 180 270 ° C Setting time, min 175 170 150 Setting time, min 210 200 175 280 ° C Setting time, min 170 165 145 Setting time, min 200 190 170 290 ° C Setting time, min 160 150 140 Setting time, min 190 180 170

Next, tests were conducted on the water-holding ability of gypsum mixtures with the addition of (defecate + C8384 ether) at different amounts of ether and defecate. The defect of Buinsky sugar processing plant and Culminal 8384 ether were used as raw materials for the additive. The defecate was heated to a temperature of 240 ° C and kept at this temperature for 4 hours.

Table 3 shows the test results of gypsum mixtures with the addition of (defecate + ether C8384) for different amounts of ether and defecate.

Table 3 Test results of gypsum mixtures with an additive (defecate and Culminal 8384 ether) for different amounts of additive components Structure Gypsum,% The additive in the following ratio of components Water% Water retention ability, organoleptic method Water retention capacity,% (GOST 5802-86) Defecate 240 ° С (4 hours),% Ether C8384,% Life time in a thin layer, min Life time in a thick layer, min one 94.9 5 0.1 59 0.5 fifteen 99.10 2 92.9 7 59 0.5 fifteen 99.10 3 89.9 10 62 one twenty 99.21 four 79.9 twenty 63 0.5 fifteen 99.12 5 69.9 thirty 66 0.5 fifteen 99.11 6 59.9 40 68 0.5 fifteen 99.09 7 94.8 5 0.2 60 one thirty 99,20 8 92.8 7 60 one thirty 99.22 9 89.8 10 61 1,5 thirty 99.34 10 79.8 twenty 64 1,5 thirty 99.35 eleven 69.8 thirty 68 one thirty 99.25 12 59.8 40 70 one thirty 99.25 13 94.7 5 0.3 60 2 25 99.35 fourteen 92.7 7 60 2.5 thirty 99.38 fifteen 89.7 10 62 2.5 35 99.40 16 79.7 twenty 66 3 35 99.42 17 69.7 thirty 68 3 thirty 99.42 eighteen 59.7 40 72 3 thirty 99.41 19 94.6 5 0.4 65 3,5 55 99.40 twenty 92.6 7 65 3,5 55 99.41 21 89.6 10 67 four 60 99.44 22 79.6 twenty 71 5.5 65 99.51 23 69.6 thirty 73 3,5 40 99.45 24 59.6 40 76 3,5 35 99.44 25 94.5 5 0.5 70 4,5 60 99.47 26 92.5 7 70 6 80 99.56 27 89.5 10 71 7.5 one hundred 99.61 28 79.5 twenty 76 7 80 99.58 29th 69.5 thirty 77 5.5 60 99.53 thirty 59.5 40 81 5.5 55 99.52 31 94.4 5 0.6 73 5.5 65 99.54 32 92.4 7 73 6.5 75 99.57 33 89.4 10 74 8 90 99.64 34 79,4 twenty 78 7 90 99.58 35 69.4 thirty 82 6 80 99.54 36 59,4 40 84 6 80 99.54

For comparative tests of gypsum mixtures with defecate and ether in terms of water holding capacity, tests were conducted in parallel with the basic composition of the putty mixture of the prototype with tartaric acid and ether. The test results of gypsum mixtures with tartaric acid and ether C8384 are presented in table 4.

Table 4 Test results of gypsum mixtures with tartaric acid and ether C8384 Structure Gypsum,% Wine acid, % Ether C8384,% Hydrated lime,% Water% Water retention ability, organoleptic method Water retention capacity,% (GOST 5802-86) Life time in a thin layer, min Life time in a thick layer, min one 99.87 0.05 0.1 one 64 0.5 10 99,20 2 99.77 0.05 0.2 one 66 one 25 99.30 3 99.67 0.05 0.3 one 66 2 35 99.35 four 99.57 0.05 0.4 one 68 3,5 fifty 99.40 5 99.47 0.05 0.5 one 70 4,5 60 99.47 6 99.37 0.05 0.6 one 60 5.5 75 99.54

Figure 2, according to the data in Tables 3 and 4, shows a graph of the water holding capacity of gypsum mixtures with different amounts of defect at 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% esters, as well as mixtures with tartaric acid at the same amounts of ether. And in Figure 3, according to the data in Tables 2 and 3, a graph is shown of the water holding capacity of gypsum mixtures with different amounts of defecate at 0.4%, 0.5% and 0.6% esters, as well as mixtures with tartaric acid at the same amounts of ether.

Figure 2 shows that when the amount of ether in the composition of the gypsum mixture is 0.1%, the water-holding capacity of the mixture with heat-treated defect exceeds 100% the mixture with tartaric acid with the amount of defect in the composition of the mixture 10%. When the amount of ether in the composition of the mixture is 0.2%, the water-holding capacity of the mixture with the defect is 50% higher than the mixture with tartaric acid with the amount of the defect in the composition of the mixture 10-20%. When the amount of ether in the composition of the mixture is 0.3%, the water-holding capacity of the mixture with defecate exceeds the mixture with tartaric acid by 25-50% with the amount of defecate in the composition of the mixture 7-40%.

Figure 3 shows that when the amount of ether in the composition of the mixture is 0.4%, the water-holding capacity of the mixture with heat-treated defect exceeds by 14-57% the mixture with tartaric acid with the amount of defect 10-20%. When the amount of ether in the composition of the mixture is 0.5%, the water-holding capacity of the mixture with defecate exceeds the mixture with tartaric acid by 22-67% with the amount of defecate 7-40%. When the amount of ether in the composition of the mixture is 0.6%, the water-holding capacity of the mixture with defecate exceeds the mixture with tartaric acid by 9-45% with the amount of defecate 7-40%.

Tests were also conducted to determine the water holding capacity of cement mixtures using this additive. Portland cement M400 from the Ulyanovsk cement plant, Volzhsky river sand, the defect of the Buinsky sugar processing plant and Rutocel 75RT70000 ether were used as raw materials. The defecate was heated to a temperature of 240 ° C and maintained at this temperature for 4 hours. The water-holding ability was determined both according to GOST 5802-86, and organoleptically according to the life time in thin and thick layers.

The test results of cement mixtures with the additive (defecate + ether Rutocel 75RT70000) are presented in table 5.

Table 5 Test results of cement mixtures with an additive (defecate and Rutocel 75RT70000 ether) with different amounts of additive components Structure Portland cement Ulyanovsk M400,% Sand of the Volga river,% M _k = 1.02 The additive in the following ratio of components EC Water retention ability, organoleptic method Water retention capacity,% (GOST 5802-86) Defecate 240 ° С (4 hours),% Ether Rutocel,% Life time in a thin layer, min Life time in a thick layer, min one 25 74.9 - 0.1 0.7 0.5 twenty 99.18 2 67.9 7 0.7 0.5 twenty 99,20 3 64.9 10 0.7 0.5 twenty 99,20 four 54.9 twenty 0.9 0.5 25 99.21 5 44.9 thirty 1,2 0.5 25 99,20 6 34.9 40 1.4 0.5 25 99.21 7 25 74.8 - 0.2 0.7 one 25 99.28 8 67.8 7 0.7 one 25 99.28 9 64.8 10 0.75 one 25 99.29 10 54.8 twenty 0.9 one thirty 99.29 eleven 44.8 thirty 1,2 one thirty 99.30 12 34.8 40 1,5 one thirty 99.30 13 25 74.7 - 0.3 0.75 1,5 25 99.32 fourteen 67.7 7 0.8 1,5 25 99.32 fifteen 64.7 10 0.8 2 thirty 99.34 16 54.7 twenty 0.95 2 35 99.35 17 44.7 thirty 1.3 2 thirty 99.34 eighteen 34.7 40 1,5 1,5 thirty 99.32 19 25 74.6 - 0.4 0.75 2 thirty 99.34 twenty 67.6 7 0.8 2.5 35 99.37 21 64.6 10 0.8 2.5 35 99.38 22 54.6 twenty 1,0 2.5 35 99.37 23 44.6 thirty 1.3 2 35 99.35 24 34.6 40 1,6 2 thirty 99.34 25 25 74.5 - 0.5 0.75 2 thirty 99.34 26 67.5 7 0.8 2.5 35 99.38 27 64.5 10 0.85 3 35 99.41 28 54.5 twenty 1,0 2.5 35 99.38 29th 44.5 thirty 1.3 2.5 35 99.37 thirty 34.5 40 1,6 2 35 99.34

Figure 4 according to table 5 shows a graph of the water holding capacity of cement mixtures with different amounts of defect and different amounts of ether in the composition.

Figure 4 shows that with an ether content of 0.1 and 0.2% in the composition of cement mixtures, the defect does not increase the water-holding capacity of cellulose ethers. When the amount of ether is 0.3% in the composition of cement mixtures, the defect in the amount of 10-30% increases the water-holding capacity of cellulose ethers by 33%. When the amount of ether is 0.4% in the composition of cement mixtures, the defecate in an amount of up to 20% increases the water-holding capacity of cellulose ethers by 25%. When the amount of ether is 0.5% in the composition of cement mixtures, the defecate in an amount up to 30% increases the water-holding capacity of cellulose ethers up to 50%.

Additive based on defecate and ether increases the water-holding ability of building mixtures, both gypsum and cement, reduces the number of components in building mixtures. Defecate is at the same time a retarder, a filler and makes the use of hydrated lime unnecessary, i.e. one component replaces three.

Claims (2)

1. Additive for building mixtures containing setting retarder and cellulose ether, characterized in that it contains defecate as a setting retarder - sugar production waste, heated at a temperature in the range from 130 to 280 ° C and kept at this temperature for a period of up to 4 hours in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
defecate 89.3-99.5 cellulose ether 0.5-10.7 2. The additive according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one additional active ingredient selected from the group comprising redispersible polymer powders, water-soluble plasticizing, air-entraining, water-repellent, rheological, dispersing additives.

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