RU2444437C1 - Device for continuous dry expansion of polystyrene granules - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment intended for producing granulated foamed polystyrene from polystyrene granules to be used in construction, production of heat insulation, and in investment casting. Proposed device comprises container and electric air heater to form hot air flow. Said container represents a transfer drum with its spokes fitted on propeller shaft jointed vi universal joint with the shaft of drive arranged on moving support to revolve thereon and adjust inclination. Drum open face rests on rollers one of which is made up of cam with radial chamfer to produce shaking effect. Drum drive side is furnished with dispensing hopper to load polystyrene granules on one side and, on the other side, it is provided with chute to discharge granules of foamed polystyrene.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and quality of finished products.

3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to technological equipment for the production of polystyrene (bead) granules containing isopentane and pentane, granulated polystyrene foam used in construction as heat-insulating backfills and plates, for the production of polystyrene foam molded products for thermal insulation and packaging, as a component of composite molded products, and also in the foundry for the manufacture of gasified foam models when casting according to gasified models (LGM).

A device is known for continuous dry swelling of polystyrene granules, comprising a container with a vibrating tray placed therein and means for heating the granules in air, in which the vibrating tray is made with upward-facing flanges having openings, the edges of the flanges are bent outward and fit against the walls containers, and the means for heating the granules is made in the form of a system of forced air recirculation through the container, through the holes in the flanges of the pan with an electric air heater, size In the air recirculation system, the tank is equipped with a rod stirrer with a mechanical drive, one loading and two discharge nozzles (Patent No. 2160184 of the Russian Federation, IPC B29C 67/20, B29C 44/02, B29B 13/02, B29B 9/16, 2000 )

The main disadvantages of this device are the accumulation, adhesion of polystyrene granules and jamming (congestion) at the location of the discharge pipes, which leads to a stop of the process and lower productivity; the sorting system in the form of two discharge nozzles does not provide granule size separation, which reduces the quality of the obtained granular products and does not allow to intensify the process.

Closest to the proposed is a device for dry portioned swelling of polystyrene granules, containing a container and means for dry heating of granules in air, which is equipped with a horizontal rigid polygonal frame mounted on the shaft with the possibility of rotation, made of rods in the form of a mesh having in the open plane the end face directed to the central axis, the flange and the protrusions with bevels and ledges fixed to the edges on the inside in a checkerboard pattern, and the tank located inside the frame is made in the form of a perforated thin-walled ribbed container on the outside of a cylindrical shape with a loading and unloading window and a perforated lid with the possibility of rotation, swinging and shaking, while the heating means is made in the form of an electric air heater that provides a directed flow of hot air to the perforated container. In this case, the frame can be made cylindrical in shape, and the container is provided with protrusions fixed outside and at the edges in a checkerboard pattern (Utility Model Patent No. 96062 of the Russian Federation, IPC B29B 13/02, B29B 9/00, B29C 67/20, 2010).

The main disadvantages of this device are the complexity of the design, relatively low productivity, due to the need for periodic loading of granules of bead polystyrene and unloading of polystyrene granules, the inconvenience of these operations, which complicates the intensification of the production process.

In this regard, the most important task is to create a new type of device for continuous dry swelling of polystyrene granules, suitable for industrial production of expanded polystyrene granules under industrial conditions for specific densities and sizes, homogeneous particle size distribution, simple structure, high-performance, convenient to use (service), allowing to intensify the technological process.

The technical result of the claimed device is to create a new device for continuous dry swelling of polystyrene granules with a container in the form of a rotating inclined cylindrical feed drum with loading and unloading units using a technical (industrial) hairdryer as a means of heating an electric air heater to form a directed hot air flow to the feed drum that provides the intensification of the technological process of obtaining high-quality granular expanded polystyrene of the set parameters.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for continuous dry swelling of polystyrene granules containing a container and an electric air heater that generates a stream of hot air, the container is made in the form of a passage drum fixed by spokes-spars on a cardan shaft connected via a cardan shaft to a drive shaft mounted on movable support with the possibility of rotation and tilt adjustment of the drum, while the drum open end rests on the rollers, one of which is made in the form of a cam with p an adial bevel to ensure shock-shaking, and is equipped on the drive side with a hopper-dispenser for loading polystyrene granules, and on the opposite side with a chute for unloading polystyrene granules.

Moreover, on the inner surface of the drum are fixed at intervals and alternating in a checkerboard pattern transverse jumpers and longitudinal radial protrusions-strokes.

In this case, the open ends of the drum are closed by walls made of transparent heat-resistant material.

The creation of a device for continuous dry swelling of polystyrene bead granules with a through drum equipped with a tilt, shake mechanism, loading and unloading units using an electric air heater as a heating means, which generates a directed flow of hot air to a rotating drum with continuously loaded polystyrene granules, will allow us to develop a new intensified high-performance, process of continuous dry swelling of polystyrene granules, providing which in large-scale production requires the production of high-quality commodity granular polystyrene foam ready to be used immediately, bypassing the drying operation that requires additional costs.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a device for continuous dry swelling of polystyrene granules with a thin-walled through drum (main view, in section), shows the main structural elements and components; figure 2 - cross section I-I - fastening the drum with spokes-spars to the driveshaft; figure 3 is a view along arrow "K" - track rollers: round and in the form of a cam with a radial bevel; figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a drum with a lid, transverse jumpers and longitudinal radial protrusions-strokes; figure 5 - cross section II-II - the location of the longitudinal radial protrusions-strokes; figure 6 - cross section III-III - the location of the transverse jumpers; Fig.7 is a view along arrow "A" - the front transparent wall of the drum with a cutout for the discharge chute, its attachment to a fixed protective shield (casing); in Fig.8 is a view along arrow "B" is the rear transparent wall of the drum with cutouts for the loading hopper-dispenser and under the driveshaft, its fastening to a fixed protective screen (casing).

The device consists of a container made in the form of a passage drum 1, fixed by spokes-spars 2 on a cardan shaft 3 connected via a cardan 4 to a drive shaft 5 mounted on a movable support 6 to give the drum 1 rotation and the ability to adjust its inclination. To implement (change) the tilt of the drum 1, the drive is mounted on a traverse with the possibility of moving up and down the column, made in one piece with a movable support 6, with the possibility of moving back and forth (shown by arrows in figure 1). Drum 1 open end 7 is based on two rollers: one roller 8 is round, the second 9 is in the form of a cam with a radial bevel (figure 3) to ensure shock-shaking. On the drive side, the drum 1 is equipped with a metering hopper 10 for loading polystyrene beads with granules, and on the opposite side, a chute 11 for unloading polystyrene foam granules into a container 12. An electric air heater 13 is installed at a certain distance from the drum 1, which provides (forming) a directed flow of hot air to the passage drum 1. Outside, the drum 1 is closed by a protective shield (casing) 14 with a slotted hole at the top. To reduce the leakage of cold air at the ends of the drum 1 there are walls 15 and 16 (figure 4).

On the inner surface along the length of the drum 1 are fixed at intervals and alternating in a checkerboard pattern transverse jumpers 17 and longitudinal radial protrusions-strokes 18.

The transverse jumpers 17 and the longitudinal radial protrusions-strokes 18 are blocked (grouped). In this case, for example, in each block, three transverse jumpers 17 and three longitudinal protrusions-strokes 18, located at an angle of 120 ° (sections II-II and III-III, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), alternating in a checkerboard pattern in blocks along the length of the drum (sections II-II and III-III, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6).

The open ends of the drum 1 are closed by walls 15 and 16 made of transparent heat-resistant material.

The fixed walls - front 15 and rear 16, are made of transparent heat-resistant material, for example fiberglass, have a cutout for the metering hopper 10, the groove 11 and the driveshaft 3 and are attached to the protective shield 14 (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8).

The operation of this device is as follows. The desired inclination of the drum 1 is established by means of a traverse, moving along the column, made in one piece with the movable support 6. The drive is turned on, from the shaft 5 of which, through the cardan 4 and the cardan shaft 3, the rotation is transmitted to the feed drum 1, mounted on the cardan shaft 3 with spars 2. The track rollers 8 and 9, tightly adjacent to the rim of the open end 7 of the drum 1, also come into motion, while the roller 9 in the form of a cam with a radial bevel provides shock shaking of the drum 1. Then the electric air heater 13 and A stream of hot air that it regulates over a wide range of temperatures (from 20 ° C to 600 ° C and above) is directed to the rotating drum 1, flows around and washes it, filling the cavity formed by the protective screen, and then through the slot in the screen 14 goes into an exhaust ventilation probe (not shown in Fig.).

After heating the walls of the drum 1 to 85-105 ° C, polystyrene granules are continuously fed from the hopper 10 into the drum. The inclination of the drum 1 during rotation provides self-movement of the expandable polystyrene granules to the discharge chute 11. A rotating, hot, inclined, shock-shaking load drum 1 acts on the polystyrene granules. Rotation, shock-shaking, heat from the walls of the drum 1 are transferred to polystyrene granules. Occasionally coming into contact with the hot inner surface of drum 1, rolling on it and rising to a certain height, they then break away from it, pass into a suspended suspended state for a short time, and gradually roll by gravity along inclined drum 1. Repeatedly passing through the repeated cycles caused by rotation of drum 1 , in the process of self-movement to the discharge chute 11, the polystyrene granules are gradually heated to a temperature of 95-105 ° C and swell. During the passage of the distance from the place of loading of the granules from the hopper-dispenser 10 to the place of unloading through the chute 11 in the container 12, they reach the specified values of specific gravity and sizes (diameters). Identical (identical) average temperature conditions for expansion in the working space of the drum 1, continuous tedding and shaking, excited by the roller 9 in the form of a cam with a radial bevel, heated intumescent granules prevent them from sticking and sticking to the inner surface of the drum 1, contribute to their uniform expansion provide uniformity of the particle size distribution of the obtained granular polystyrene foam.

The operation of the device with a drum 1, on the inner surface along the length of which are fixed at intervals and alternating in a checkerboard pattern, the transverse jumpers 17 and the longitudinal radial protrusions-strokes 18 (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6) and with the drum 1, the open ends of which are closed by fixed walls 15 and 16, made of transparent heat-resistant material (Fig. 4), is basically similar to the operation of the device with a through drum 1 with track rollers 8 and 9 (Fig. 1), although it has its own characteristics (differences).

The transverse jumpers 17, blocking and thereby delaying (braking) for a short time the self-movement of the granules, then pass them through the gaps to continue self-movement. After the jumpers 17, longitudinal radial protrusions-strokes 18 come into action, which are raking (grabbing) and raising the granules to a certain height, then dump them, translating into a soaring state (position), after which they settle and continue self-propelled in the stream until the next block. Pellets, passing over and over again blocks of jumpers 17 and strokes 18, reach the specified properties and sizes.

The presence of walls 15 and 16 of the drum 1 reduces the intake of cold air, which reduces heat loss. The transparency of the material of the walls 15 and 16 allows you to observe the process and in case of violation take the necessary measures to eliminate it.

The continuity and identity of the temperature conditions of the process, provided by the rotation and shaking of the feed drum 1, the structural combinations in the block of transverse jumpers 17 and longitudinal radial protrusions-strokes 18 can intensify the process of dry heat treatment of polystyrene granules, to obtain polystyrene granules with high physical and qualitative characteristics that do not require drying and aging.

The optimal process mode of continuous dry swelling of polystyrene granules is provided by temperature control, rotation speed, drum angle, the number of jumper blocks and strokes. Isopentane and pentane released during the expansion of the polystyrene granules in the presence of atmospheric oxygen oxidize, become almost harmless, and escape through leaks in the joints of the drum 1 and walls 15 and 16 into the cavity formed by the protective shield 14.

The device is suitable for use both in construction for the production of building materials from polystyrene granules obtained from polystyrene bead granules of domestic and foreign building brands, and in the foundry industry for the manufacture of gasified models for LGM from expanded (foamed) polystyrene granules obtained from bead granules polystyrene of domestic and foreign foundry grades with improved ability to gasify and sinter. It allows you to get under-expanded (under-expanded) granules and, if necessary, to produce their additional expansion.

The proposed device for continuous dry swelling of polystyrene granules has a simple design and high performance, allows you to create a new intensified production and technological process, to obtain high-quality commercial products of granulated polystyrene foam.

Claims (3)

1. Device for continuous dry swelling of polystyrene granules, comprising a container and an electric air heater forming a stream of hot air, characterized in that the container is made in the form of a passage drum fixed by spokes on a cardan shaft connected via a cardan shaft to a drive shaft mounted on a movable support with the possibility of rotation and tilt adjustment, while the drum open end rests on the rollers, one of which is made in the form of a cam with a radial bevel to ensure impact-in tryahivaniya, and is provided on the drive side hopper for loading the polystyrene granules, and on the opposite side of the chute for discharging the expanded polystyrene beads. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inner surface of the drum are fixed with gaps and alternating in a checkerboard pattern transverse jumpers and longitudinal radial protrusions-strokes. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the open ends of the drum are closed by walls made of transparent heat-resistant material.

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