RU2443851C1 - Outfit of equipment for development of gas deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: outfit includes gas production equipment for extraction, preliminary purification and preparation of gas, plants for gas conversion to intermediate product with relatively safe properties as per gas transport and storage conditions, storage areas for accumulation and storage of intermediate product, device for regasification of intermediate product, as well as equipment for gas processing to commercial product with higher added value. According to the invention the plants for gas conversion to intermediate product with relatively safer properties as per gas transport and storage conditions are arranged immediately on gas deposit. Technological outfits for gas accumulation and conversion include intermediate product accumulation and storage areas. Intermediate product regasification devices and equipment for gas conversion to commercial product with higher added value, technological outfits for gas accumulation and conversion are arranged near routes of main gas lines or gas consumption places. Storage areas have inlet receiving channel of intermediate gas product and outlet channel to which there connected is one of the inlets at least of one regasification outfit the outlet of which is connected through the switching equipment to gas distributing networks of consumers, to the inlet of gas conversion plant after regasification of intermediate gas product to the other commercial product with higher added value and through gas distributing station to main gas line.

EFFECT: possibility of involving to revenue producing service of small gas deposits, extension of service life of the developed gas deposits, and use of nonconventional gas sources and resources.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a fuel and energy complex and can be used mainly in the development of small gas fields and unconventional (difficult to recover) gas sources and resources.

Known methods of development and equipment for gas field development, including gas field drilling, gas extraction from a field, gas collection from wells using gas production equipment, gas purification, dehydration and dehydration, as well as gas delivery via high pressure gas pipelines to remote centers and regions of gas consumption (compressed (compressed) gas technologies or the so-called CNG technologies) [1, 2]. However, these methods, technologies and equipment complexes are mainly based on pipeline systems for transporting gas, its accumulation and storage in large underground storage facilities (UGS) located near major regions and energy consumption centers (near end gas consumers) and are very capital intensive. They are effective only in the development of large, highly productive natural gas deposits located in relatively accessible regions on land or in offshore shelf zones, as well as in the presence of capacious sales markets and end users of gas fuels close to gas fields and main pipeline transportation systems and corridors.

There are also known methods and complexes of equipment for developing gas fields using the processes of liquefying natural gas methane, delivering gas to regions and centers of its consumption in a liquefied form, i.e. by converting the initial fuel (energy carrier) into a kind of intermediate product in the form of a cryogenic liquid, followed by regasification of this intermediate product - liquefied natural gas, carried out after delivery to gas consumption points [3, 4]. However, these well-known technologies, united by such a common concept as LNG technologies, are also very expensive and effective only in the development and operation of large gas fields and require a very complex and expensive infrastructure for the liquefaction, transportation, transshipment and storage of liquefied natural gas, and also on its regasification.

In addition, well-known methods and equipment for developing gas fields using compressed (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) technologies are quite dangerous under the conditions of gas transportation and storage, which further increases the cost of production in the gas business and negatively affects efficiency other industries using gas as a source of energy (fuel) or as some other kind of source resource.

A known method of transporting or storing gas hydrates by placing gas hydrate in a suitable vehicle or container during transportation or storage of gas hydrate under adiabatic conditions obtained by isolating or cooling it [5]. However, the known method and the equipment implementing it are not linked to other parts of the technological chain of production, processing and use of natural gas and do not by themselves realize the potential for increasing the efficiency of the gas business in market conditions.

A well-known complex of equipment for the extraction and transportation of natural gas from gas and gas hydrate offshore fields, including the extraction of gas by wells, its processing in a hydrated state and transportation in a mobile vehicle [6]. However, the discrete - cyclical nature of the production process for the extraction and transportation of gas, embodied in the very idea of this known method, involving the alternate stages of production and transportation of gas, does not provide high productivity and reduces the efficiency of using expensive equipment.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of developing gas fields and implementing its complex of equipment used in regulating the operation of pipeline gas supply systems [7] (prototype).

However, the known method for developing gas fields is actually also based on compressed natural gas technology, and the synthesizers used in the equipment complex for the synthesis of solid natural gases in the form of aqueous methane crystalline hydrates as an intermediate gas product in the gas production process chain (gas business), thermobaric warehouses and chambers for their storage, they are located at gas distribution stations, which, as a rule, are located in regions and centers of gas consumption, i.e. almost at the end of the gas production process chain. Therefore, the shortcomings of the technologies of compressed and liquefied natural gas noted above remain valid, and the possibility of further increasing the efficiency of the gas business by lowering the barriers for new players to enter the gas market (business), expanding the competitive environment in the gas business on this basis, and the possibility of involving in the cost-effective operation of small gas fields, extending the service life of gas fields developed, the use of unconventional gas sources and resources, remain unrealizable and.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of development of gas fields due to the adaptability of gas production to market conditions and the development of a competitive environment for the gas business.

The technical result of the invention is the possibility of economically viable development of small gas fields, involvement in the development of unconventional gas sources and resources, as well as extending the commercial life of gas fields at the final stage of their development.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the complex of equipment for gas field development, including gas production equipment for gas production, preliminary treatment and preparation, a gas processing unit into an intermediate product with relatively safe properties under the conditions of gas transportation and storage, storage facilities for storage and storage intermediate product, devices for regasification of the intermediate product, as well as equipment for processing gas into a market product with a higher value added, characterized in that the plants for processing gas into an intermediate product with relatively safer properties under gas transportation and storage conditions are located directly on the gas field, and technological complexes for gas storage and processing contain storage facilities for storage and storage of intermediate product, devices for regasification of the intermediate product and equipment for processing gas into a market product with a higher added value awn, the technological complexes of accumulation and processing of gas are made near the routes of gas pipelines or places of gas consumption, storage facilities have an input channel for receiving an intermediate gas product and an output channel to which one of the inputs of at least one regasification unit is connected, the output of which through the switching equipment it is connected to the gas distribution networks of consumers, with the input of the gas processing unit after regasification of the intermediate gas product into market e products with higher added value and through the gas distribution station to the main gas pipeline.

The proposed set of equipment is presented in figure 1.

In the upper part of figure 1 shows the area of the gas field, where gas is produced and its preliminary preparation and processing into an intermediate gas product with properties that are relatively safer under the conditions of gas transportation and storage, and the place (region) is shown in the lower part of figure 1 near the route of the main gas pipeline and (or) the location center of the end consumers of gas and other products of its processing and use.

Figure 1 shows: 1 - gas field with a particular network of gas production wells; 2 - installation of gas preparation and intermediate processing (UPPG); 3 - a device for cleaning gas from sand and other mechanical particles; 4 - a device for processing gas into an intermediate gas product and its stabilization; 5 - gas production terminal (warehouse) for the temporary accumulation and storage of intermediate gas product; 6 - regional (local) technological complex for the accumulation, processing and use of gas (RK APG); 7 - main gas pipeline; 8 - gas distribution station (GDS) of the pipeline gas transmission system; 9 - regional storage for the accumulation and storage of intermediate gas product; 10 - regasifier intermediate gas product; 11 - switch (switch) of gas flows; 12 - a device for supplying and receiving gas to the main gas pipeline (from the main gas pipeline); 13 - gas distribution network of end gas consumers; 14 - a gas processing unit after regasification into a higher value-added market product, for example, in the form of electric and (or) heat energy, or, for example, in the form of methanol, as a valuable market product for a wide variety of applications, including areas of its application as gas chemical production; 15 - consumers of products with higher added value.

The complex of equipment is as follows. The network of gas production wells 1 in the gas preparation and intermediate gas processing unit (UPPG) 2 is connected to the input of the gas purification device from sand and other mechanical particles 3, the output of which is connected to the input of the gas processing device to the intermediate gas product and its stabilization 4. Device output 4 is connected to the inlet of the gas production terminal (warehouse) 5, which has an outlet channel for shipment of intermediate gas product to suitable vehicles.

The regional (local) technological complex for gas accumulation, processing and use (RL APG) 6 is located near the route of the main gas pipeline 7 or at the location of the end consumers of gas or products of its processing, and RL APG 6 is connected to the main gas pipeline 7 through a typical gas distribution station (GDS) ) 8. In the technological complex of gas accumulation and processing 6 there is a storage-storage 9 for accumulating and storing the intermediate gas product with an inlet for receiving autonomous (available) vehicles intermediate product gas. At least one regasifier of the intermediate gas product 10 is installed at the outlet of the storage-storage device 9, and a gas flow switch 11 is installed at the outlet of the latter, directing the gas flow through the device 12 for supplying gas to the main pipeline 7 or receiving gas from through a typical gas distribution station 8. At the same time, a gas distribution network 13 of final gas consumers is connected to one of the output channels of the switch 11, and a gas processing unit is connected to the other output channel of the switch 11 higher added value, for example, a gas turbine or gas-diesel power plant 14, electric and (or) heat energy from which is supplied to consumers of these power supply products 15. In addition, waste heat from the working cycle of power plant 15 can be used to regasify the intermediate gas product for which an appropriate output power plants 15 is connected to an adequate input of the regasifier of the intermediate gas product 10. In the regasifier 10 there is also equipment for extraction, egeneratsii and recycling for reuse of the catalyst, which accelerates the process of production of the intermediate product gas to UPPG 2 gas fields 1.

The proposed set of equipment, depending on the existing conditions for conducting the gas business, as well as depending on the current market situation and in relation to a specific region, can be implemented in various main ways and works as follows.

Example 1. Let it be required to involve in the development of one or more small gas fields 1 (Fig. 1), remote both from the locations of the final gas consumers and from the existing gas pipeline corridors and systems. In order to create a competitive gas business in such conditions, the corresponding gas production network is usually built at the gas field itself and, by some analogy with conventional complex gas treatment units (GTF), large gas fields based on existing compressed or liquefied natural gas technologies are installed 2, ensuring the processing of gas from a small field 1 (directly on the latter) into an intermediate gas product, which, compared with compressed (CNG), or with liquefied (LNG) natural gas, safer properties for transportation and storage. These safer properties under these conditions are possessed by intermediate gas products in the form of gas hydrates (in particular), which are in water-crystalline form (in the form of aqueous clathrate compounds) or the so-called dry mixtures of the same gas hydrates.

Therefore, the gas produced from wells at the field after preliminary treatment in installation 3 with the help of installation 4 is processed into an intermediate gas product and stabilized (for example, gas hydrates are synthesized (produced)) to enable transportation of this industrial product using conventional autonomous vehicles such as in particular, as automobile or railway refrigerators. The stabilization of the intermediate gas product in gas hydrate form can be carried out, for example, by pressing and packing it into a shell that can be easily removed subsequently, using the effect of self-preservation of gas hydrates at low temperatures, etc. In addition, to accelerate the phase transition of a gas from a gaseous state to a solid crystalline state or to a state of a dry mixture of solid substances, special catalyst components can be used, for example, in the form of a special form of silicon dioxide - hydrophobic fumed silica, surfactants, etc. . The intermediate gas product (industrial product) thus obtained is sent for accumulation and temporary storage to the gas production terminal (warehouse) 5 located here at the field in the vicinity of UPP 2. Then this industrial product is delivered at a suitable time or as necessary by available vehicles to places of commercial and gas use. In these places, selected near the routes of the existing gas pipelines and (or) near the regions where the end consumers of gas and other energy supply products, in particular, consumers of electric and (or) heat energy, are located, regional (local) technological complexes 6 (complexes of the Republic of Kazakhstan APG) are being built for the reception, accumulation, storage of this intermediate gas product (industrial product), as well as for regasification of the latter. Technological complexes 6 are connected with the main pipeline 7 through standard gas distribution stations (GDS) 8.

To perform the above functions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, APG 6 is equipped with a specialized storage 9 for accumulating and storing the intermediate gas product, at least one regasifier of the intermediate gas product 10, a switch (switch) of gas flows 11, and also a device 12 for supplying (receiving) gas to main gas pipeline (from the main gas pipeline) 7.

Further, depending on the market situation and other conditions from the storage 9, an intermediate gas product, for example in the form of gas hydrate, is supplied to a regasification unit 10, from which gas is supplied through a bi-directional channel of the switching equipment 11 through a gas supply / reception device 12 to the main gas pipeline 7 for its delivery to more distant consumers and (or) through one of the output channels of the switching equipment 11 direct gas to the gas distribution network of local consumers 13. In addition, if necessary, and ( Do) at the same time at the regional processing facility storage and processing gas after 6 from regasification installation regasification 10 through another output channel of the switching equipment 11 is fed to unit 14 for processing a product gas with a higher added value. Installation 14, made, for example, in the form of a gas turbine or gas-diesel power plant, uses gas to generate electrical and (or) thermal energy. These already secondary products of deeper gas processing are used both for their own needs inside RK APG 6 complexes (internal electric and heat supply, industrial product regasification, etc.), and they are supplied to the external environment, in particular, to external consumers of electric and (or) heat energy 15, which is an additional significant source of increasing the efficiency of developing the gas fields involved in the operation and, in general, improving the efficiency of the gas business. Gas processing after regasification of the intermediate gas product by installing 14 into other products of higher added value, for example, methanol, which is then supplied to various consumers of this product, will be even more effective in some cases 15. Methanol (methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, carbinol, CH ₃ OH - the simplest aliphatic alcohol) is a colorless liquid with a faint odor resembling the smell of ethyl alcohol. Boiling point - 64.5 degrees Celsius, freezing point - minus 98 degrees, density - 792 kg / cubic meter. The limits of explosive concentrations in air are 6.7-36% by volume. The octane number is greater than 150. The heat of combustion of 24,000 kJ / kg is less than that of gasoline (44,000 kJ / kg). As fuel, methanol is used in race cars, for example, in Formula 1. In the oil and gas fields, methanol is widely used as an inhibitor of hydrate formation in wells and pipeline transportation systems. Methanol is also a rather expensive source of raw materials for many technological processes of chemical industries. Existing methanol production technologies, as a rule, are based on two or more stage processes, in which the first stage, the most complex and expensive, is the steam, vapor-oxygen or carbon dioxide conversion of natural gas (methane) in the presence of a catalyst at temperatures of 700 - 900 ° С and a pressure of 2-3 MPa. If necessary, the installation 14 can be produced and the integrated production of various products, up to the production of synthetic motor fuels, which does not change the main essence and distinctive features of the proposed equipment. Finally, if expensive catalysts are used in the gas fields during the gas hydrate industrial product manufacturing process to intensify the hydration of the produced gas, these complexes are extracted and regenerated (if necessary) at gas complexes of the Republic of Kazakhstan APG during gas gas intermediate production for their subsequent reuse in the gas fields.

Example 2. The proposed set of equipment can be used to solve such an urgent task as the utilization and cost-effective use of associated petroleum gas (APG) in the operation of oil fields. In this case, gas intermediate processing units (UPPG) 2 are built directly at the oil fields in the places of oil refining, dehydration and degassing, i.e. directly at oil separation points, usually carried out at booster pumping stations (BPS) and centralized oil collection and treatment points (CPS) in two, three, and sometimes even four successive stages. The associated petroleum gas obtained at the same time at the oil field itself is also processed into an intermediate gas product, for example, by hydration of APG, which, incidentally, is facilitated by an increased content of heavier hydrocarbon gases such as propane and butane in the associated petroleum gas, which are known to have increased ability to form clathrate (gas hydrate) compounds. For the rest, the proposed set of equipment works exactly the same when developing small gas fields described in example 1.

Example 3. Let it be required to ensure the extension of the life of a large gas field, which is at a late stage of operation, when the low-pressure regime of gas wells is already operating, and the operation of the main structures and the section of the main gas pipeline adjacent to the gas field becomes economically unjustified. The solution to this problem, which is becoming more and more urgent, using the proposed set of equipment is as follows. Over time, head equipment and a section of the main gas pipeline located near the gas field that is becoming unprofitable, are decommissioned and dismantled, and instead of them, at the site of the main structures of the decommissioned section of the main gas pipeline, gas intermediate processing plants (UPPG) 2 providing the processing of low-pressure gas into an intermediate gas product, for example, in the form of the same gas hydrates, their accumulation and temporary storage, to to the previous examples of the proposed set of equipment.

Then, also near the existing section of the main gas pipeline or any regional gas consumption center, regional (local) technological complexes (at least one of them) of the RK APG 6 are equipped with all the necessary equipment to perform the functions assigned to them. After all these reconstruction works have been completed, the exploitation of the gas field in the low-pressure gas mode can already be carried out on a new organizational and managerial basis, i.e. already according to a completely different model of conducting the gas business and according to the technological processes described above provided for by the alleged invention. The work of the proposed complex of equipment used to extend the life of gas fields remains generally the same as described in examples 1, 2 and does not require additional explanations.

In general, the creation of the proposed equipment complex requires relatively low capital investments (compared with existing technologies of compressed and liquefied natural gas), and the ability to use almost conventional autonomous transport and the existing transport and delivery infrastructure for the delivery of an intermediate gas product, for example, in the form of gas hydrates, to the places of accumulation and storage of gas, with the aim of its most efficient consumption, processing and use, create a real basis for improved efficiency in the gas business, both from gas producers, and on the other side of the gas market participants - consumers.

Information sources

1. Korshak A.A. and other basics of oil and gas business. Publishing house "Design PolygraphService", Ufa, 2002, 543 p.

2. Natural gas. A team of authors led by Dr. Tech. Sciences M.M. Penkova and Ph.D. tech. sciences S.Yu. Pirogova. Publishing House "Professional", St. Petersburg., 2006, 1000 p.

3. LNG territory: Russia's entry. National industry magazine "Oil and Gas Vertical", 18/05, p.60-62.

4. Vinogradova O. Sakhalin mousetrap. “Oil and Gas Vertical”, 01/05; Karzhuabaev A. et al. Foreign investment: status and prospects. The Oil and Gas Vertical, 03/07.

5. RF patent No. 2200727. A method of transporting or storing gas hydrates.

6. RF patent No. 2198285. The method of production and transportation of natural gas from gas and gas hydrate offshore fields. - “Flowers and bees.”

7. RF patent No. 2318157. A set of equipment for regulating pipeline gas supply systems (prototype).

Claims (2)

1. A complex of equipment for gas field development, including gas-field equipment for gas production, pre-treatment and preparation, a gas processing unit for processing an intermediate product with relatively safe properties under the conditions of gas transportation and storage, storage facilities for storage and storage of an intermediate product, devices for regasification of the intermediate product, as well as equipment for processing gas into a market product with a higher added value, different The fact is that gas processing plants for an intermediate product with relatively safer properties under gas transportation and storage conditions are located directly on the gas field, and technological complexes for gas storage and processing contain storage facilities for storage and storage of the intermediate product, regasification devices intermediate product and equipment for processing gas into a market product with higher added value, technological complexes gas accumulation and processing are performed near the routes of gas pipelines or gas consumption points, storage facilities have an inlet channel for receiving an intermediate gas product and an outlet channel to which one of the inputs of at least one regasification unit is connected, the output of which is connected through switching equipment with gas distribution networks of consumers, with the entrance of the gas processing unit after regasification of the intermediate gas product into another market product with a higher addition ennoy cost and through a gas distributor station with the main pipeline. 2. The complex of equipment for the development of gas fields according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas processing unit after regasification of the intermediate gas product into a market product with a higher added value is made in the form of a gas turbine or gas-diesel power plant, the output channels of which are connected respectively to the consumers of the electric and / or thermal energy, as well as to another of the inputs of the regasification unit of the intermediate gas product.

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