RU2441676C1 - Respiratory protection device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: respiratory protection.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the field of individual respiratory protection devices for use both on human and on animal patients in order to protect them from harmful environmental factors. The technical result is an increase in absorption of harmful elments and freer breathing with the device on. The device comprises a two housings that may be located in the sinus, each having an inport and an exhaust port, whereas the inner housing surface is covered in a layer of a sticky substance, equipped with an airflow conversion device fixed in the housing cavity by an axis, by a fixing device connecting the two housing parts from the exhaust ports. The housing provides a filter screen located from the exhaust port's side.

EFFECT: device influences the respiratory orans in a permanent manner, without forcing, is quite simple to manufacture and to use, complies with the esthetic requirements with no unhandiness.

7 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to personal protective equipment for respiratory organs of a person or animal from the effects of harmful environmental factors: pathogenic bacteria and viruses, dust, gas, as well as from dust particles carrying allergens, and can be used as nasal filters in respirators, etc. . The invention can also be used as an inhaler in the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases.

The prior art various technical solutions of individual means of protecting the human respiratory system from the harmful effects of the environment.

Most often, cotton swabs impregnated with an antibacterial agent, placed in the sinuses, are used as a similar solution. This option greatly complicates breathing, is inconvenient during operation.

In particular, a breathing filter is known (PCT Application N 86/04249, IPC: A62B 23/06), made in the form of capsules containing filter elements soaked in deodorants or therapeutic agents. Capsules are made with the possibility of their placement in the sinuses and are equipped with a connecting element that provides the convenience of replacing the filter elements and removing the capsules from the sinuses during operation. The design of the known device provides the purification of inhaled air from all kinds of pollutants.

Known respiratory filter (US Patent N 5117820, IPC: АВВ 23/06), consisting of a filter element, which is an elongated cylinder made of synthetic porous material. The material structure of the filter element allows it to be compressed in the radial direction for unhindered installation in the nasal cavity, after which the material expands and the nasal cavity is filled. When inhaling, the pores of the filter element pass air, retaining harmful components.

Known replaceable filter for the respiratory tract, installed in the sinuses of the nose (RF Patent for the invention No. 2217176, IPC: A61M 16/00). The replacement filter is a truncated cone filter element made of elastic porous material for medical use. The truncated cone is equipped with circular notches that ensure reliable retention of the replaceable filter in the nasal sinus cavity and its tight fit to the walls of the sinuses of the nose, while the lower and upper bases of the cone have concave conical hollow funnels. The filter element may be impregnated with drugs.

Air purification in the above filters is carried out due to the fact that when inhaling, air passes through filter elements from various materials, leaving them with atmospheric pollution and allergens. Filter elements are the main part of the above filters. However, the presence of these filter elements that block the free access of air, creates significant resistance to the inhaled air flow, which greatly complicates breathing.

Known breathing filter designed to protect the respiratory tract from dust and allergens contained in inhaled air, characterized by the presence of an air channel free from filter materials (US Patent No. 5778884, IPC: A61G 10/00; A61M 16/00; A62B 7/10 ; A62B 23/02). This filter is a body made of elastic material, the shape of which ensures its placement in the nasal cavity. Inside the filter, a curved air channel is made, having dust particle capture zones coated with an adhesive, located in close proximity to places where the channel changes direction. Thanks to the specified channel shape, the inhaled air repeatedly changes the direction of movement. In this case, dust particles contained in the inhaled air settle on the adhesive coating.

However, in this technical solution, to improve the quality of purification of inhaled air, it is necessary to make the channels winding with a minimum diameter, which also has a noticeable resistance to the air flow passing through the filter, which increases as the filter becomes dirty.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a breathing filter (RF Patent for the invention No. 2166341, IPC: АВВ 23/06), containing a hollow body, equipped with at least one inlet channel, having an adhesive coating on the side of the inner surface capable of holding dust particles and allergens contained in inhaled air. In this case, the inner surface of the housing has the shape of a truncated cone, and the aforementioned one or more input channels are made with an inlet on the side of the larger base, an outlet on the side of the small base of the cone, while the direction of the axis of each channel is composed of tangential and axial components. The surface of the inlet channels and / or the outer surface of the large base of the housing is covered with said sticky substance.

However, the design of the channel in the known breathing filter does not provide quality cleaning of inhaled air.

The task to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to create an individual effective means of protecting the respiratory system from the effects of harmful environmental factors: dust, gas, pathogenic bacteria and viruses that carry allergens placed in the nasal cavity.

The technical result achieved by using the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of trapping harmful components contained in the surrounding atmosphere, while providing more free breathing through the claimed device. In addition, the invention provides an extension of the functionality of the device, since the design features of the device allow its use, for example, as an inhaler in the treatment and / or prevention of respiratory diseases, and individual structural elements can be used as jewelry.

The problem is solved in that the device for respiratory protection, including two cases made with the possibility of placement in the sinuses, each of which has an inlet and outlet, while the inner surface of the body is covered with a layer of sticky substance, according to the technical solution is equipped with an air redirection element flow fixed in the cavity of the housing on the axis, a retainer connecting the two housings from the side of the inlet openings, while the housing is equipped with a mesh element placed on the side outlet The device can also be equipped with a sealing ring (one ring for one housing) located along the edge of the housing around the inlet, while the housing is cylindrical in shape. The cylindrical shape of the body is optimal taking into account the structure of the sinuses of the nose, and the o-ring provides sealing of the space formed by the wall of the body and the wall of the sinus. The airflow redirection element is made in the form of propeller blades with the possibility of free rotation under the action of the incoming air flow, while the blades are fixed on the axis and placed in a plane perpendicular to the axial section plane of the housing. The surfaces of the propeller blades are covered with a layer of sticky substance. Also, the airflow redirection element can be made in the form of sections of a volumetric tape spiral rigidly fixed to the axis. The surface areas of the volumetric tape spiral are covered with a layer of sticky substance. The latch is made in the form of a staple-like part with holders provided with tips made with the possibility of fixation to the device body.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1 presents a schematic representation of the inventive device (side view).

Figure 2 presents a longitudinal section of the housing of the device with a propeller.

Figure 3 presents a bottom view of the housing of the device made in figure 2.

Figure 4 presents the image of the latch (side view).

Figure 5 presents the image of the latch (bottom view).

Figure 6 presents a longitudinal section of the casing of the device with the element of the redirection of the air flow, which represents sections of volumetric spirals, fixed on the axis.

In Fig.7 presents a bottom view of the housing of the device made in Fig.6.

On Fig presents a bottom view of the housing of the device with two elements of redirection of flow.

The positions in the drawings indicate:

1 - housing

2 - side wall

3 - inlet,

4 - outlet

5 - a sealing ring,

6 - mesh

7 - latch,

8 - mesh cell,

9 - propeller blades,

10 - section of a tape spiral,

11 - axis

12 - a layer of sticky substance

13 - transverse jumper,

14 - bracket

15 - holder

16 - tip

17 - a fixing ring.

The inventive device is a personal protective equipment. The device can be implemented in the form of a set of different sizes. The inventive device consists of two bodies 1 with through cavities having a shape that makes it convenient to place in the nasal cavity of a person, while the bodies are interconnected by means of a retainer 7. Each body 1 is made in the form of a cylinder with a side wall 2 and through bases (input 3 and outlet 4 holes), around one of which (inlet) there is a sealing ring 5. The base of the cylindrical body may be a circle or oval for more convenient placement in the sinus. Any material that is harmless when in contact with the mucous membrane — polymer, ceramics, wood, etc., can be used as the material for manufacturing the body. O-ring 5 is made in the form of a roller (functionally designed to ensure structural rigidity and to prevent air from entering between the walls of the body and the walls of the nose) located on the outer surface of the housing 1 along the edge of the housing around the inlet 3. The sealing ring 5 is made of the same material as the housing, and may be One unit with the body. When performing the sealing ring 5 and the outer surface of the side wall 2 of the housing 1 from absorbent materials, the sputum is absorbed by the nasal mucosa.

The outlet 4 of each housing is closed by a grid 6 curved to form a domed surface and attached to the edge of the housing around the outlet. The perforation of the mesh is made quite small, providing, at the same time, free breathing. Cells 8 of the grid are micro-funnels expanding in the direction of the cavity of the housing, which allows you to hold residual dust particles. The minimum cell size is 10 microns.

Inside each case, an airflow redirection element is fixed, which can be made rotating, for example, in the form of three propeller blades 9, mounted on an axis 11, or static, made in the form of several sections of a volumetric tape spiral 10, also fixed on the axis 11 The blades of the propeller 9 or the surface of the sections of the volumetric spiral 10, as well as the inner surface of the walls of the casing and mesh are covered with a layer of sticky substance 12.

Non-hardening substances that do not cause an allergic reaction, burning, burns and itching are used as a sticky substance. Such substances include resins of plants and trees, decoctions of cereals. Sticky substances may include aromatic, inhalation resins, antibacterial agents and medicines. With this use, an aromatherapy effect is created.

The blades of the propeller 9 are fixed on the axis 11, co-directional with the axis of the cylinder of the housing 1, with the possibility of free rotation when the air flow. Structurally, the propeller blades are made with such curvature that the air flow, when hit on the surface of the blade, is redistributed towards the side wall of the housing.

The sections of the volume spiral 10 are fixed on the axis 11, co-directed with the axis of the cylinder of the housing, statically, without the possibility of additional rotation. The curvature of the tape spiral is selected so that the air flow, upon running onto the surface of such a spiral, is twisted towards the side wall of the housing.

When making a cylindrical body with an oval base, two airflow redirection elements mounted on two axes respectively can be placed inside.

The details of the flow redirection element are located in the housing with a gap relative to its walls. The size of the gap, taking into account the presence of a layer of sticky substance, is not less than 1 mm in the narrowest (for an oval-shaped base) part of the body to allow free rotation of the propeller blades.

Axes 10, on which flow redirection elements are fixed, are fixed in the housing rigidly by means of transverse jumpers 13.

Thus, the device contains two identical housings located in the sinuses, equipped with airflow redirection elements. The cases are interconnected by a latch 7, which is a staple-shaped part 14, at the ends of which holders 15 are fixed with tips 16. The bracket 14 can be bent as part of a ring with thickened spherical ends. The shape of the bend of the clamp bracket is determined by the anatomical features of the nose of a person or animal, as well as decorative properties, since it is located on the outside and can functionally be part of a piece of jewelry (for example, jewelry) located around the septum of the nose. The latch 7 can be made hollow to fill its cavity with inhaled or aromatic means. As materials for the manufacture of the retainer, mainly metals, for example silver, gold, are used.

The latch 7 is held due to the anatomical features of the nose, that is, due to the presence of a septum dividing the nose into two channels and having thickenings in the lower part. The spherical ends of the bracket 14 are fixed on this thickening, thereby ensuring a static position of the device. The holders on one side are fixed on a staple-shaped part, and on the other hand are provided with lugs, by means of which the fastener is fixed to the cases. The shape of the tip can be any, for example, dome-shaped, or flat, or bifurcated, providing reliable engagement of the tip to the housing and, at the same time, easy release to change the housing of the device. In the lower part of the housing is made of a locking ring 17 with transverse jumpers 12 and a response for the tip 16 hole. When placed in the hole of the tip, the housing is securely fixed to the latch.

Thus, in the inventive device, the housings with a layer of sticky substance and an element of redirection of the air flow are replaceable filter elements to be replaced as they become dirty. The frequency of change of such filter elements is determined by the user and depends on the degree of environmental pollution or, during therapy or prophylaxis, on the necessary duration of the procedure.

The inventive device operates as follows. A pair of replaceable filter elements of the required size is fixed by means of tips on the latch. The device thus assembled is placed in the nose with a tight fit of the sealing ring to the walls of the sinuses of the nose and rigid fixation of the spherical ends of the staples on the thickening of the nasal septum. When inhaling atmospheric air, the propeller blades are rotated in the case of an air flow redirection element in the form of a rotating structure. The air swirls along the propeller blades in the direction of the walls of the casing, and the presence of an adhesive layer contributes to a faster settling of polluting particles on it. Under the action of centrifugal force arising from this nature of the movement of the air flow, dust particles are displaced to the periphery of the stream, collide with the walls of the body and settle on the sticky layer. Particle deposition occurs over the entire height of the casing wall. In the case of a redirection element of the air flow in the form of a static structure, the air flow also swirls, flowing along the sections of the volumetric tape spiral, towards the walls of the housing. As a result of the collision of the air flow with the walls of the body, the contaminants are beaten off, after which the cleaned air flow is directed towards the grid, through which it enters the respiratory system. Since the grid is also covered with an adhesive layer, additional filtering takes place here.

Before the manufacture of the prototype, a series of comparative experiments was conducted to establish the degree of filtration of the proposed device. Two glass tubes were used in which gauze swabs were placed. In one tube, in addition to the tampon, the housing of the claimed device with the airflow redirection element in the form of propeller blades placed inside it was placed, while the walls of the body and the propeller blades were covered with a layer of sticky substance. Then ensure the injection of air flow through the inlet of both tubes (analogue of human inspiration) for 5 minutes. At the same time, the air flow contained particles of coffee (coffee was taken for reasons of clarity of the experiment). At the end of the airflow, the degree of contamination of gauze swabs from both tubes was compared. The experiment showed that the gauze swab from the tube with the inventive device placed in it is contaminated by 80-90% less than the swab from the second tube.

An example of a specific implementation.

A prototype of the inventive device is made, which is two identical cases made of plastic in the form of circular cylinders with a diameter of 15 mm and a height of 10 mm. Outlets are covered with a domed brass grid. Honey was used as a layer of a sticky substance. Inside each case, there is one propeller with three blades. The latch is made in the form of a silver ring.

The inventive device acts on the respiratory system continuously, without forced force, is quite simple to manufacture and use, meets aesthetic requirements, without causing inconvenience when using.

According to preliminary estimates, the cost of the proposed device due to the low cost of the starting materials and ease of assembly is quite low.

Claims (7)

1. A device for protecting respiratory organs, including two cases, made with the possibility of placement in the sinuses, each of which has an inlet and an outlet, while the inner surface of the body is covered with a layer of sticky substance, characterized in that it is equipped with an air flow redirection element, fixed in the cavity of the housing on the axis, a latch connecting the two housings from the inlet side, while the housing is equipped with a mesh element located on the outlet side. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a sealing ring located along the edge of the housing around the inlet, while the housing is cylindrical in shape. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air flow redirection element is made in the form of propeller blades with the possibility of free rotation under the influence of the incident air flow, while the blades are fixed on the axis and placed in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the axial section of the housing. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the surfaces of the propeller blades are covered with a layer of sticky substance. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air flow redirection element is made in the form of sections of a volumetric tape spiral rigidly fixed to the axis. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the surfaces of the sections of the volumetric tape spiral are coated with a layer of sticky substance. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the latch is made in the form of a staple-shaped part with holders provided with tips made with the possibility of fixing to the body of the device.

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