RU2440209C2 - Method of spherodynamic 3d nanostructuring and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to forming, particularly, to production of parts with preset operating properties by cold plastic deformation of billets. Billet is placed at spherodynamic module and subjected to shrinkage and rolling by male die. Said module may revolve and swing in vertical plane. Male die has cylindrical shape and working surface made to Bernoulli logarithmic spiral. Shrinkage force is applied in steps to change the billet into deformation resonance to disrupt its contact with module. Degree of billet deformation in height at first shrinkage step ε₁ is defined from ε₁=(0.6…0.8)ε_δ1, where ε_δ1 is the degree of billet deformation corresponding to lower limit of Bauschinger effect. Degrees of shrinkage at all other steps ε₂ is defined from ε₂=(0.2…0.3)ε_δ2, where ε_δ2 is deformation degree corresponding to upper limit of Bauschinger effect. Then, billet is rolled.

EFFECT: possibility of plastic deformation wave nature transfer to nanolevel of processed material.

2 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of processing materials by pressure, in particular to methods and devices for cold plastic deformation and obtaining parts with a given level of operational characteristics, and can be used in the manufacture of:

- a new generation of sensors for measuring physical parameters in chemically active environments, at ultra-low and ultra-high pressures, as well as at high and cryogenic temperature;

- the defining parts of liquid-propellant engines (combustion chambers);

- a new generation of defining parts of video and audio equipment (reed switches - magnetically controlled contacts), which allow creating mutually exclusive physical characteristics on the basis of one element: "high elasticity - corrosion resistance - high magnetic induction B ₅ - stable maximum magnetic permeability µ _max ".

A known method and device for processing materials: a method of spherically dynamic bulk nanostructuring of materials, comprising placing a workpiece on a spherically-dynamic module and applying to it a punch of forces of upsetting and rolling in and a device for spherodynamic bulk nanostructuring of materials containing a punch and spherodynamic module (US Pat. RF No. 2282519, B21J 5/06, 08/27/2006 - the closest analogue for the method and device).

The disadvantages of the known method and device are:

- the impossibility in the process of deforming the workpiece is to regulate the deformation system in a state of deformation resonance repeatedly, i.e. periodically create, in the course of deformation of the workpiece, conditions for the realization of the Bausinger effect (“remembering” by the metal the history of its loading), which causes periodic coincidences with the oscillation frequency of the workpiece and the entire deforming system (deformation resonance).

The technical result of the present invention is the development of a method and device that allows for the regulated implementation of the wave nature of plastic deformation in the form of plastic rotors (vortices) penetrating the nanoscale of the processed material (10 ^-9 m) and forming a phenomenological complex of physical and mechanical characteristics.

The specified technical result is ensured by the fact that in the method of spherodynamic volumetric nanostructuring of materials, including placing a workpiece on a spherical module and applying to it a punch of upsetting and rolling forces, it is new that the upsetting force is applied in stages to ensure that the workpiece is brought into a state of deformation resonance and violation its contact with the spherodynamic module, while the degree of deformation of the workpiece in height at the first stage of upsetting ε ₁ is determined from the relation ε ₁ = (0.6 ... 0.8) ε _δ1 ,

where ε _δ1 is the degree of deformation of the workpiece material, corresponding to the lower limit of the implementation of the Bausinger effect,%,

the degree of precipitation of the workpiece at all subsequent stages of precipitation ε ₂ is determined from the relation ε ₂ = (0.2 ... 0.3) ε _δ2 ,

where ε _δ2 is the degree of deformation of the workpiece material, corresponding to the upper limit of the implementation of the Bausinger effect,%,

and rolling in the workpiece begins at the moment of transferring it to the state of deformation resonance and violation of the contact of the workpiece and the spherical module.

In a device for spherodynamic volumetric nanostructuring of materials containing a punch and a spherodynamic module, it is new that the punch is made of cylindrical shape and with a working surface made by a Bernoulli logarithmic spiral, the punch and spherodynamic module are mounted for rotation and swinging in a vertical plane, with vertical the axis of the spherodynamic module is displaced in the horizontal plane relative to the vertical axis of the punch by an amount e determined from the ratio I (3 ... 4) δ,

where δ is the step of the logarithmic Bernoulli spiral of the working surface of the punch, mm

The method of spherodynamic bulk nanostructuring of materials and a device for its implementation are represented by the following graphic material, where:

figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for spherodynamic bulk nanostructuring of materials;

figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a spherodynamic volumetric nanostructuring of materials;

figure 3 - structural state of the metal nanostructured semi-finished product;

figure 4 - the texture of the metal nanostructured semi-finished product.

The device comprises a composite platform 1 with a cavity in the lower part, in which a hollow support 2 with an elastic element 3 is installed. The upper part of the platform is connected to the movable traverse 4 columns 5, on one of which a lodgement 7 is placed on the elastic elements 6, on which the workpiece is mounted 8, fixing it on the spherical module 9. Module 9 is centered in the upper part of the platform with the help of the guiding element 10. On the crosshead 4 there is a punch 11 with the possibility of vertical movements, the power circuit of which is closed By means of a spherical dynamic module 8, an elastic element 3, a hollow support 2, and a lower part of the platform 1, it is realized by means of an elastic element 12, a sleeve 13, and a cover 14.

The punch 11 is made of a cylindrical shape, with a working surface made according to the geometry of a Bernoulli logarithmic spiral, the spherical module 9 is made in the form of a half of an ellipsoid of revolution, while its vertical axis is offset from the vertical axis of the punch 11 by the value determined from the relation e = (3 ... 4) δ,

where e is the amount of displacement in the horizontal plane of the vertical axes of the punch and spherodynamic module, mm;

δ is the step of the logarithmic Bernoulli spiral of the working surface of the punch, mm,

the punch 11 and the spherical module 9 are mounted for rotation and rolling in a vertical plane.

The device operates as follows: the workpiece 8 is placed on a spherical module 9 mounted on an elastic element 3 in a hollow support 2, located in the cavity of the platform 1, made of two parts, the module 9 is in contact with the side surface with the guide element 10. The workpiece 8 is mounted on a lodgement 7, which is placed on one of the guide columns 5 connecting the beam 4 with the upper part of the platform 1, the lodgement 7 is mounted on the elastic elements 6 of the said column.

The deformation process is carried out as follows: the workpiece 8 is placed on the support element 9, mounted with the possibility of spontaneous rotational-vibrational movements, and the forces of upsetting and rolling are applied to the workpiece 8 from the tool side 11, while the upsetting force is applied in stages, with the degree of deformation at the first the precipitation stage is determined from the relation ε ₁ = (0.6 ... 0.8) ε _δ1 ,

where ε ₁ - the degree of deformation of the workpiece in height at the first stage of precipitation,%;

ε _δ1 - the degree of deformation of the workpiece material corresponding to the lower limit of the implementation of the Bausinger effect,%,

and the degree of precipitation of the semi-finished product at all subsequent stages of precipitation is determined from the relation ε ₂ = (0.2 ... 0.3) ε _δ2 ,

where ε ₂ is the degree of deformation of the workpiece in height at the second and subsequent stages of precipitation,%;

ε _δ2 - the degree of deformation of the workpiece material corresponding to the upper limit of the implementation of the Bausinger effect,%,

rolling in the workpiece begins at the moment of transferring it to the state of deformation resonance and the contact between the workpiece and the support element.

It was found that for ε ₁ <0.6 ε _{δ1, the} structural state of the metal of the workpiece does not have a “shape memory” according to the Bausinger effect, and therefore, the mechanisms of rotational plasticity realized by the action of the spherodynamic module 9 in the form of plastic rotors (vortices) do not penetrate the nanolevel (10 ^-9 m) of the metal of the workpiece 8. When ε ₁ > 0.8 ε _δ1, the deformation mechanisms are shear, and the metal of the workpiece 8 does not remember the history of its loading. For ε ₂ > 0.3 ε _δ2, linear dislocations are summed up, and a high probability of discontinuity in the metal of the workpiece 8 is created.

The process of volumetric spherodynamic nanostructuring of the workpiece material 8 is as follows. The punch 11 gradually deforms the workpiece 8 by the sediment of its working surface, made according to the geometry of the Bernoulli logarithmic spiral, which ensures the supply of metal portions of the workpiece 8 to the deformation zone, which allows the wave nature of plastic deformation to be realized. The displacement of the vertical axis of the spherodynamic module 9 by the value of e, determined by the above relation, provides a regulated translation of the entire deforming spherodynamic system into a state of deformation resonance, which ensures the penetration of wave plasticity mechanisms - plastic rotors (vortices) to the nanoscale of the workpiece material being processed 8. Placement of punch 11 and spherodynamic module 9 with the possibility of rotation and swing provides movement of the plastic moment of deformation from PU HCOH 11 and sferodinamicheskogo unit 9 around the metal workpiece 8. In the state array sferodinamicheskaya deforming strain resonance system in the form of a punch 11 and 9 provide sferodinamicheskogo module while moving a counter-deformation strain wave fronts. When the fronts meet, the entire system transitions to a state of explosive instability, which results in a temporary loss of contact of the spherical module 9 with an elastic element 3 placed in a hollow support 2, and its acquisition of the properties of an anhydrous reactive deformation source fed by the inertia losses of the active source (punch 11) workpieces dissipated by an array of metal 8. As a result of spherodynamic bulk nanostructuring, a nanoform structure is formed in the metal.

The crystallographic reflection of the penetration of plastic rotors (vortices) at the nanoscale is the predominance of the volume fraction of the rotational component (110) <111> [2] in the matrix metal array of the nanostructured material.

An example of the method: in a press mod. DB2432A using a device for spherodynamic volumetric nanostructuring of materials (Fig. 1) processed a batch of sheet samples of AMg6, 12Kh18N10T and 36NKhTU alloys in the mode of deformation resonance, the energy-power parameters of which, as well as the texture state of the matrix metal in the initial and nanostructured state, are shown in the table.

Table Sample Material Energy-power parameters of the implementation of deformation resonance Volume fraction of the rotational component (110) <111>,% nanostructured (initial) ε ₁ ,% σ _t ε ₂ ,% σ _t e mm δ, mm σ _t - yield strength of the material, kg / mm ² AMg6 four 8 2 3 68 (17) 12X18H10T 6 9 four 5 54 (10) 36NHTY 5 7 3 four 48 (7)

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2363560, B21J 13/02, 11/22/2007

2. RF patent No. 2282519, B21J 5/08, December 24, 2004.

3. Wasserman F., Greven L. "Textures of metals." M .: "Science", p.112-118, 1966

Claims (2)

1. A method of spherodynamic volumetric nanostructuring of materials, including placing a workpiece on a spherical module and applying to it a punch of upsetting and rolling forces, characterized in that the upsetting force is applied in stages to ensure that the workpiece is in a state of deformation resonance and its contact with the spherodynamic module is violated, this the degree of deformation of the workpiece in height at the first stage of upsetting ε ₁ is determined from the ratio
ε ₁ = (0.6 ... 0.8) ε _δ1 ,%,
where ε _δ1 is the degree of deformation of the workpiece material, corresponding to the lower limit of the Bausinger effect,%,
the degree of precipitation of the workpiece at all subsequent stages of precipitation ε ₂ is determined from the ratio
ε ₂ = (0.2 ... 0.3) ε _δ2 ,%,
where ε _δ2 is the degree of deformation of the workpiece material, corresponding to the upper limit of the implementation of the Bausinger effect,%,
and rolling in the workpiece begins at the moment of transferring it to a state of deformation resonance and violation of the contact of the workpiece and the spherical module. 2. A device for spherodynamic volumetric nanostructuring of materials containing a punch and a spherical module, characterized in that the punch is made of a cylindrical shape and with a working surface made by a Bernoulli logarithmic spiral, the punch and spherodynamic module are mounted for rotation and swinging in a vertical plane, the vertical the axis of the spherodynamic module is shifted in the horizontal plane relative to the vertical axis of the punch by the value e = (3 ... 4) δ, mm, where δ is the logarithm step nical Bernoulli spiral working surface of the punch mm.

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