RU2439815C2 - Methods and apparatus for rlc retransmission schemes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technology.

SUBSTANCE: method involves sending to a receiving device from a transmitting device a radio link control (RLC) retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes, and using the selected and sent scheme at least at one of the receiving device and the transmitting device. In another exemplary non-limiting version, the method involves detecting, at the receiver, a gap in RLC protocol data unit (PDU) sequence numbers, associating a timer with the gap, and starting the timer when the gap is detected. In yet another exemplary non-limiting version, the method involves detecting a gap in a RLC PDU sequence, monitoring a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) channel for a period of time to determine if a predetermined bit has changed, and determining if a transmission is lost.

EFFECT: determining when to retransmit protocol data units.

29 cl, 14 dwg

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to the provisional US patent application serial number 60/868859 entitled "A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING RE-ORDERING INDICATION", which was filed December 6, 2006. This application also claims priority to the provisional US patent application. serial number 60/883920, entitled "RLC PDU RE-ORDERING INDICATION", which was filed January 8, 2007, and provisional patent application US serial number 60/884163, entitled "A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING RE-ORDERING INDICATION ", which was filed on January 9, 2007. The above applications are in full These are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The following description generally relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to methods and apparatus for retransmission schemes at a radio control (RLC) layer and their selection.

State of the art

Wireless communication systems are widely used to provide various types of communication content, such as, for example, speech, data, and so on. Typical wireless communication systems may be multiple access systems capable of supporting information exchange with multiple users by sharing available system resources (eg, bandwidth, transmit power, ...). Examples of such multiple access systems may include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, 3GPP LTE systems, orthogonal multiplexing frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), localized frequency division multiplexing (LFDM), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, and the like.

Typically, a wireless multiple-access communication system can simultaneously support communication for multiple wireless terminals. Each terminal communicates with one or more base stations via transmissions on the forward and reverse links. A forward link (or downlink) refers to a communication line from base stations to terminals, and a reverse link (or uplink) refers to a communication line from terminals to base stations. This communication line can be established through a system with one input and one output, with many inputs and one output, or with many inputs and many outputs (MIMO).

. Каждый из N_S независимых каналов соответствует измерению. Система MIMO может обеспечивать повышенную производительность (например, более высокую пропускную способность и/или большую надежность), если используются дополнительные размерности, созданные несколькими передающими и приемными антеннами.A MIMO system employs several (N _T ) transmit antennas and several (N _R ) receive antennas for data transmission. A MIMO channel formed by N _T transmit and N _R receive antennas can be decomposed into N _S independent channels, which are also called spatial channels, where

. Each of the N _S independent channels corresponds to a measurement. A MIMO system can provide enhanced performance (for example, higher throughput and / or greater reliability) if additional dimensions created by multiple transmit and receive antennas are used.

The MIMO system supports time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) systems. In a TDD system, forward and reverse link transmissions occur in the same frequency domain so that the reciprocity principle allows estimation of the forward link channel from the reverse link channel. This enables the access point to benefit from beamforming on the forward link when several antennas are available at the access point.

In a wireless communication system, a Node B (or base station) may transmit data to a user equipment (UE) in a downlink and / or receive data from a UE in an uplink. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from Node B to the UE, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE to Node B. Node B can also send control information to the UE (for example system resource allocation). Similarly, the UE may send control information to the Node B to support downlink data transfer and / or for other purposes.

Previously, protocol data units (PDUs) were transmitted in order. The Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuestion (HARQ) layer now uses multiple transmission paths and PDUs are not always transmitted in order. Moreover, the HARQ level and the RLC level do not interact directly with each other. The RLC layer will want to send protocol data units (PDUs). The HARQ layer will actually transmit PDUs across multiple channels. However, the multi-path RLC layer does not currently know that all PDUs have actually been received. Therefore, for the RLC layer, there is a need to know when to retransmit PDUs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following is a simplified summary of one or more embodiments in order to provide a basic understanding of such embodiments. This summary is not a comprehensive overview of all proposed embodiments, and is not intended to identify key or important elements of all embodiments, nor to outline the scope of any or all embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some ideas of one or more embodiments in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

According to an exemplary non-limiting embodiment, the method includes sending, from a transmitter to a receiver, a radio control (RLC) retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes, and using the selected and sent scheme at least in one of the receiver and transmitting device. In another exemplary non-limiting embodiment, the method includes detecting a skip in the serial number of the protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC in the receiver, associating the timer with a skip, and starting the timer when a skip is detected. In yet another exemplary non-limiting embodiment, the method includes detecting a gap in the RLC PDU sequence, monitoring the HARQ channel for a period of time to determine if a predetermined digit has been changed, and determining whether the transmission has been lost.

According to an exemplary non-limiting embodiment, the plurality of retransmission schemes include at least one receiver side circuit and one transmitter side circuit. In accordance with an exemplary non-limiting embodiment, provided herein are means for detecting a miss in a radio control receiver (RLC) in serial numbers of RLC protocol data units (PDUs), means for associating a timer with a skip, and timer triggering means when a skip is detected. According to an exemplary non-limiting embodiment, the method used in a wireless communication system includes detecting a miss in a radio control receiver (RLC) in a serial number of protocol data units (PDUs) of an RLC, associating a timer with a skipping, and starting a timer when a skip is detected.

According to another exemplary non-limiting embodiment, the computer-readable medium includes a code for detecting a skip in a radio control receiver (RLC) in serial numbers of RLC protocol data units (PDUs), a code for associating a timer with a skip, and a code for starting a timer when it is detected pass. According to an exemplary non-limiting embodiment, a method used in a wireless communication system includes detecting a gap in an RLC PDU sequence, monitoring the HARQ channel for a period of time to determine if a predetermined bit has been changed, and determining whether the transmission has been lost. The method may include receiving a radio control retransmission (RLC) retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes. The method may include transmitting to a user equipment (UE) a radio control retransmission (RLC) retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more embodiments comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain explanatory aspects of one or more embodiments. These aspects, however, indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of various embodiments can be used, and the described embodiments are intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

1 illustrates a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects set forth herein.

Figure 2 depicts an example communication device for use with a wireless communication environment, in accordance with one or more aspects.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method including sending, from a transmitter to a receiver, a radio control (RLC) retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes, in accordance with one or more aspects.

FIG. 4 illustrates a method where the circuits include receiver circuits, and the method includes receiving a selected receiver circuit in accordance with one or more aspects.

5 illustrates a method where the circuits include transmitter circuits, and the method includes receiving a selected transmitter circuit in accordance with one or more aspects.

FIG. 6 illustrates a method where the circuits include receiver circuits, and the method includes detecting a gap in the RLC receiver in serial numbers of RLC protocol data units (PDUs) in accordance with one or more aspects.

FIG. 7a illustrates a method where circuits include transmitter circuits, and the method includes detecting a gap in the sequence numbers of the first level PDUs in accordance with one or more aspects.

Fig. 7b illustrates a method how it is felt from the perspective of the UE, in accordance with one or more aspects.

FIG. 8 illustrates a sequence of states A, B, and C of data in accordance with one or more aspects.

9 illustrates a method in which multiple retransmission schemes are available, in accordance with one or more aspects.

10 illustrates an environment in which a receiver-side skip synchronization component and / or a transmission-side HARQ tracking component is applied to a mobile device and optimized using an optimizer component in accordance with one or more aspects.

11 illustrates an example network or distributed environment with server (s) in communication with client computer (s) via a network / bus to which the present invention can be applied in accordance with one or more aspects.

12 illustrates an example remote device for implementing at least one generalized non-limiting embodiment, which includes a universal computing device in the form of a computer, in accordance with one or more aspects.

13 illustrates an apparatus operating in a wireless communication system, the apparatus including means for detecting a miss in a radio control receiver (RLC) of a miss in serial numbers of RLC protocol data units (PDUs), means for associating a timer with a miss, and timer triggering means when detected pass.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various aspects are now described with reference to the drawings, in which the same reference numbers are used to refer to the same elements throughout the description. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects. However, it may be obvious that such aspect (s) may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more aspects.

According to an exemplary non-limiting embodiment, the method includes sending, from a transmitter to a receiver, a radio control (RLC) retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes, and using the selected and sent scheme at least in one of the receiver and transmitting device. In another exemplary non-limiting embodiment, the method includes detecting a skip in the serial number of the protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC in the receiver, associating the timer with a skip, and starting the timer when a skip is detected. In yet another exemplary non-limiting embodiment, the method includes detecting a gap in the RLC PDU sequence, monitoring the HARQ channel for a period of time to determine if a predetermined digit has been changed, and determining whether the transmission has been lost.

According to an exemplary non-limiting embodiment, the plurality of retransmission schemes include at least one receiver side circuit and one transmitter side circuit. In accordance with an exemplary non-limiting embodiment, provided herein are means for detecting a miss in a radio control receiver (RLC) in serial numbers of RLC protocol data units (PDUs), means for associating a timer with a skip, and timer triggering means when a skip is detected. According to an exemplary non-limiting embodiment, a method used in a wireless communication system includes detecting a miss in a radio control receiver (RLC) in a serial number of protocol data units (PDUs) of an RLC, associating a timer with a skip, and starting a timer when a skip is detected .

According to another exemplary non-limiting embodiment, the computer-readable medium includes a code for detecting a skip in a radio control receiver (RLC) in serial numbers of RLC protocol data units (PDUs), a code for associating a timer with a skip, and a code for starting a timer when it is detected pass. According to an exemplary non-limiting embodiment, a method used in a wireless communication system includes detecting a gap in an RLC PDU sequence, monitoring the HARQ channel for a period of time to determine if a predetermined bit has been changed, and determining whether the transmission has been lost. The method may include receiving a radio control retransmission (RLC) retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes. The method may include transmitting to a user equipment (UE) a radio control retransmission (RLC) retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes.

In addition, various aspects of the disclosure of the invention are described below. It should be obvious that the ideas in this document can be embodied in a wide range of forms, and that any characteristic structure and / or function disclosed in this document is merely indicative. Based on the ideas in this document, one skilled in the art should take into account that the aspect disclosed in this document can be implemented independently of any other features, and that two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, a device may be implemented and / or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the device may be implemented and / or the method may be practiced using a different structure and / or functionality in addition to or different from one or more of the aspects set forth herein. As an example, many of the methods, devices, systems, and devices described in this document are described with reference to an arbitrary or unplanned / partially planned deployed wireless communication environment that provides an ACK channel with repetition in an orthogonal system. One skilled in the art will appreciate that similar methods may be applied to other communication media.

When used in this application, the terms "component", "system", etc. are intended to refer to a computer-related object, any of hardware, software (software), software in progress, firmware, middleware, microcode and / or any combination thereof. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and / or a computer. One or more components may be within the process and / or thread of execution, and the component may be localized on one computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. Also, these components can be executed from various computer-readable media having various data structures recorded thereon. Components can interact through local and / or remote processes, for example, in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (for example, data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system and / or over a network such as the Internet , with other systems via signal). Moreover, the components of the systems described in this document can be reordered and / or supplemented with additional components to facilitate the achievement of various aspects, goals, advantages, etc., described in relation to them, and are not limited to the exact configurations set forth in a given drawing that will be taken into account by a person skilled in the art.

In addition, various aspects are described herein in relation to a subscriber station. A subscriber station may also be called a system, subscriber module, mobile station, mobile, remote station, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, user agent, user device, or user equipment. The subscriber station may be a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) telephone, a Wireless Local Area Communication System (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless handheld device, or another processing device connected to a wireless modem or similar mechanism facilitating wireless communication with a processing device.

In addition, various aspects or features described herein may be implemented as a method, device, or product using standard software and / or technical methods. The term "product" when used in this document is intended to include a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier or media. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic tapes ...), optical disks (e.g., compact disc (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD) ...), smart cards and flash memory devices (e.g. memory card, flash card, ...). Moreover, the various storage media described herein may represent one or more devices and / or other computer-readable media for storing information. The term “computer-readable medium” may include, without limitation, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and / or moving commands (commands) and / or data.

In addition, the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, individual case or illustration”. Any aspect or execution described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or executions. More precisely, the use of the word "approximate" is intended to represent concepts in a concrete form. When used in this application, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or", and not an exclusive "or". That is, unless otherwise indicated or clear from the context, “X applies A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X applies A; X applies B; or X applies both A and B, then “X applies A or B” is satisfied in any of the above cases. Moreover, the articles "a" and "an" when used in this application and the attached claims should be generally interpreted to mean "one or more", unless otherwise indicated or it is not clear from the context that the singular is prescribed.

As used herein, the terms “infer” or “inference” generally refer to the process of reasoning or inferring the states of a system, environment, and / or user from a collection of observations that are recorded through events and / or data. Inference can be used to identify a particular context or action, or, for example, can form a probability distribution by state. The conclusion can be probabilistic - that is, by calculating the probability distribution over states of interest based on a consideration of data and events. The conclusion may also relate to methods used to compose high-level events from a combination of events and / or data. This conclusion leads to the construction of new events or actions from the totality of the observed events and / or stored event data, regardless of whether the events are correlated in the immediate temporal proximity, and whether events and data come from one or more sources of events and data.

The circuit selection methods described herein can be used for various wireless communication systems such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA systems. The terms “system” and “network” are often used interchangeably. A CDMA system may implement radio technology such as UMTS Terrestrial Access (UTRA), CDMA2000, etc. UTRA includes Broadband CDMA (W-CDMA) and Low Chip Rate (LCR). CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. A TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM ® etc. These various radio technologies and standards are known in the art.

UTRA, E-UTRA and GSM are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). Long Term Evolution (LTE) is an upcoming release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in documents from an organization called the “Third Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). CDMA2000 is described in documents from an organization called the Second Generation Partnership Second Project (3GPP2). For clarity, some features of the methods are described below for downlink transmission in LTE, and 3GPP terminology is used later in most of the description.

LTE uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and frequency division multiplexing on a single carrier (SC-FDM) on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into several (N) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, etc. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. In general, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain using OFDM, and in the time domain using SC-FDM. For LTE, the spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be unchanged, and the total number of subcarriers (N) may depend on the system bandwidth. In one design, N = 512 for a system bandwidth of 5 MHz, N = 1024 for a system bandwidth of 10 MHz, and N = 2048 for a system bandwidth of 20 MHz. In general, N can be any integer value.

The system may support frequency division duplex (FDD) and / or time division duplex (TDD). In FDD mode, separate frequency channels can be used for downlink and uplink, and downlink and uplink transmissions can be sent simultaneously on their separate frequency channels. In TDD mode, a common frequency channel for the downlink and uplink may be used, with downlink transmissions may be sent in some time periods, and uplink transmissions may be sent in other time periods. The downlink transmission scheme in LTE is divided into radio signal frames (for example, a 10 ms radio signal frame). Each frame contains a pattern formed of frequency (e.g., subcarrier) and time (e.g., OFDM symbols). A 10 ms radio frame is divided into multiple adjacent 0.5 ms subframes (also called subframes or time slots, interchangeably used hereinafter). Each subframe contains multiple resource blocks, where each resource block is composed of one or more subcarriers and one or more OFDM symbols. One or more resource blocks may be used to transmit data, control information, pilot, or any combination thereof.

Referring to FIG. 1, a multiple access wireless communication system according to one embodiment is illustrated. Access point (AP) 100 includes several groups of antennas, one group including 104 and 106, another including 108 and 110, and an additional group including 112 and 114. In FIG. 1, only two antennas are shown for each antenna group, however, more or fewer antennas can be used for each antenna group. Access terminal 116 (AT) is in communication with antennas 112 and 114, where antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to access terminal 116 on forward link 120 and receive information from access terminal 116 on reverse link 118. Access terminal 122 is in communication with antennas 106 and 108, where antennas 106 and 108 transmit information to access terminal 122 on forward link 126 and receive information from access terminal 122 on reverse link 124. Access terminals 116 and 122 may be UEs. In an FDD system, communication links 118, 120, 124, and 126 may use different frequencies for communication. For example, forward link 120 may use a different frequency than that used by reverse link 118.

Each group of antennas and / or the area in which they are designed for interaction is often called the access point sector. In an embodiment, antenna groups are designed to interact with access terminals in a sector of areas covered by access point 100.

In the exchange of information on the straight lines 120 and 126, the transmitting antennas at the access point 100 use beamforming to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the direct lines for different access terminals 116 and 122. Also, an access point using beamforming for transmission to access terminals scattered randomly over its coverage area gives less interference to access terminals in neighboring cells than an access point transmitting through one antenna to all its access terminals.

An access point may be a fixed station used to interact with terminals, and may also be called an access point, Node B, or some other terminology. An access terminal may also be called an access terminal, a user equipment (UE), a wireless communications device, a terminal, an access terminal, or some other terminology.

2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a transmitter system 210 (also known as an access point) and a receiver system 250 (also known as an access terminal) in a MIMO system 200. At transmitter system 210, traffic data for a number of data streams is provided from a data source 212 to a transmit (TX) data processor 214.

In one embodiment, each data stream is transmitted on a respective transmit antenna. Transmit data processor 214 formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data for each data stream based on the particular coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide encoded data.

The coded data for each data stream may be multiplexed with pilot data using OFDM techniques. The pilot data is usually a known data template that is processed in a known manner and can be used in the receiver system to evaluate channel performance. The multiplexed pilot and encoded data for each data stream is then modulated (e.g., character-converted) based on the particular modulation scheme (e.g., BASK, ASK, M-PSF or M-QAM) selected for that data stream to provide modulation symbols. The data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream may be determined using instructions executed by processor 230.

Modulation symbols for all data streams are then provided to a MIMO transmission processor 220, which can further process modulation symbols (e.g., for OFDM). The MIMO transmission processor 220 then provides N _T modulation symbol streams to N _T transmitters 222a-222t (TMTR). In some embodiments, the MIMO transmission processor 220 applies beamforming weights to the symbols from the data streams and to the antenna from which the symbol is transmitted.

Each transmitter 222 receives and processes a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further processes (e.g., amplifies, filters, and upconverts) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over the MIMO channel. N _T modulated signals from transmitters 222a-222t are then transmitted from N _T antennas 224a-224t, respectively.

At receiver system 250, the transmitted modulated signals are received by N _R antennas 252a through 252r, and the received signal from each antenna 252 is provided to a respective receiver 254a through 254r (RCVR). Each receiver 254 processes (eg, filters, amplifies, and downconverts) the corresponding received signal, digitizes the processed signal to provide samples, and further processes the samples to provide a corresponding “received” symbol stream.

The received data processor 260 then receives and processes the N _R received symbol streams from N _R receivers 254 based on a particular receiver processing method to provide NT _T “detected” symbol streams. Received data processor 260 then demodulates, eliminates interleaving, and decodes each detected symbol stream to recover traffic data for the data stream. The processing by the processor 260 of the received data is complementary to that performed by the MIMO processor 220 and the transmitted processor 214 in the transmitter system 210. The processor 270 periodically determines which precoding matrix to use. Processor 270 formulates a reverse link message comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value portion.

The reverse link message may contain various types of information regarding the communication link and / or the received data stream. The reverse link message is then processed by the transmitted data processor 238, which also receives traffic data for a number of data streams from the data source 236, is modulated by a modulator 280, processed by the transmitters 254a-254r, and transmitted back to the transmitter system 210.

At transmitter system 210, modulated signals from receiver system 250 are received by antennas 224, processed by receivers 222, demodulated by demodulator 240, and processed by received data processor 242 to extract a reverse link message transmitted by receiver system 250. The processor 230 then determines which precoding matrix to use to determine the beamforming weights, and then processes the extracted message.

In one aspect, logical channels are classified into control channels and traffic channels. The logical control channels comprise a broadcast control channel (BCCH), which is a downlink channel for broadcasting system control information. Paging Control Channel (PCCH), which is a downlink channel that transmits paging information. A multicast control channel (MCCH), which is a point-to-multi-point downlink channel used to transmit scheduling and control information of a multimedia broadcast / multicast service (MBMS) for one or more MTCHs. Typically, after a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection is established, this channel is used only by UEs that receive MBMS (Note: old MCCH + MSCH). The dedicated control channel (DCCH) is a point-to-point bidirectional channel that transmits specialized control information and is used by UEs having an RRC connection. In one aspect, the logical traffic channels comprise a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH), which is a point-to-point bidirectional channel allocated to one UE for transmitting user information. Also, a multicast traffic channel (MTCH) for a point-to-many-point downlink channel for transmitting traffic data.

In one aspect, transport channels are classified into a downlink (DL) and an uplink (UL). DL transport channels comprise a broadcast channel (BCH), a shared downlink data channel (DL-SDCCH) and a paging channel (PCH), PCH to support energy saving of the UE (DRX cycle is indicated by the network for the UE) broadcast throughout the cell and mapped to physical resources that may be used for other control / traffic channels. UL transport channels comprise a random access channel (RACH), a request transmission channel (REQCH), an uplink shared data channel (UL-SDCH), and a plurality of physical channels. Physical channels contain multiple DL channels and UL channels.

DL physical channels contain:

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

Sync Channel (SCH)

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

DL Shared Control Channel (SDCCH)

Multicast Control Channel (MCCH)

UL Shared Distribution Channel (SUACH)

Acknowledgment Channel (ACKCH)

DL Physical Shared Data Channel (DL-PSDCH)

UL Power Control Channel (UPCCH)

Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

Load Indicator Channel (LICH)

UL physical channels contain:

Random Access Physical Channel (PRACH)

Channel Quality Indicator Channel (CQICH)

Acknowledgment Channel (ACKCH)

Antenna subset indicator channel (ASICH)

Shared Request Transfer Channel (SREQCH)

UL Physical Shared Data Channel (UL-PSDCH)

Broadband Pilot Channel (BPICH)

In one aspect, a channel structure is provided that maintains a low peak-to-average ratio (PAR), and at any given time, the channel is spaced continuously or at equal intervals in frequency, which is a desired property of a single carrier signal.

Although, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the methods are shown and described as a sequence of steps, it is necessary to understand and take into account that the methods are not limited to the order of steps, since some steps in accordance with the claimed subject matter can be performed in other orders and / or simultaneously with other steps, in Unlike those shown and described in this document. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that, as an alternative, a method can be represented as a sequence of interrelated states or events, for example, in a state diagram. In addition, not all illustrated steps may be necessary to implement the method in accordance with the claimed subject matter.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method 300 including a step 302 of sending from a transmitter to a receiver a radio control retransmission (RLC) retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes, and step 304 of using the selected and sent retransmission scheme in at least one of receiving device and transmitting device. Dispatch and use are usually related in time in that use immediately follows dispatch. However, this is not necessary, and two events can be isolated in time. Moreover, it is assumed that the dispatch would be carried out wirelessly, the benefits of the invention go to an embodiment where the dispatch is not performed wirelessly. As detailed below, the circuitry includes both the receiver circuitry and the transmitter circuitry.

The system Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol data units (PDU) Radio Link Control (RLC) may be delivered out of order due to hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). In LTE, the RLC layer uses the HARQ layer to transmit RLC PDUs. Because the HARQ layer uses multiple HARQ channels for parallel transmission, RLC PDUs can be delivered randomly on the receiving side. Even if there is a reordering buffer on the RLC receiver to reorder RLC PDUs received from different HARQ channels when there is a “skip” in the received RLC PDU sequence numbers, the receiver cannot immediately conclude that those PDUs corresponding to the “skip” are missing because they may still be in the process of being delivered at the HARQ level.

As a result, some RLC PDUs that are not accepted may appear to be missing when they are still actually delivered using HARQ. Thus, the receiving RLC may not send an Rak Nak (negative acknowledgment) to fix the problem immediately.

Then there is the problem of how the receiving RLC determines that the RLC PDUs are actually missing so that it can send an Nak RLC to request a retransmission. There are at least two schemes to solve this problem.

Scheme 1

In one aspect, they rely on HARQ and do not rely on RLC Nak at all. The transmitting HARQ indicates to the transmitting RLC whether the RLC PDUs have been successfully delivered via the HARQ layer. There are two cases where the HARQ could disrupt delivery:

1) The maximum number of HARQ retransmissions is reached, and the encoder packet is still not decoded correctly.

2) HARQ Nak was erroneously detected as an Ack on a HARQ transmitter.

The first scheme relies entirely on HARQ, and the Nak RLC is generally not taken into account. The transmitting HARQ may notify the transmitting RLC that the RLC PDUs were not delivered, and the transmitting RLC can then initiate retransmission of the RLC without any Rak Nak. The transmitting HARQ indicates to the transmitting RLC whether the RLC PDUs have been successfully delivered via the HARQ layer. There are two cases where the HARQ can disrupt the delivery described above, and it appears that by enabling this indication the transmitting RLC entity can detect a transmission failure of the RLC PDUs and therefore it can resubmit the same RLC PDUs to the HARQ level for a new transmission without waiting, that the receiving RLC will detect a failure. This scheme is currently harmonized in the LTE standard. The disadvantage of this scheme is that it cannot cover case 2) above. In order to cover case 2), an additional overhead of the radio transmission is needed, which is not agreed upon.

Scheme 2

In the second scheme, the receiving RLC detects whether the RLC PDUs are really missing by monitoring the activity of the HARQ channels. As soon as a “skip” occurs in the receiver in the sequence number of the RLC PDUs, the receiving RLC monitors the subsequent activity of the HARQ channels (for example, the “new packet indicator” changes on the HARQ channel) and displays that it is impossible that the missing PDUs are still retransmitted by HARQs (that is, RLC PDUs matching the “skip” are actually lost). HARQ uses the “new packet indicator” (switches between “0” and “1” when a new encoder packet is sent) to distinguish between the newly transmitted encoder packet and the retransmitted encoder packet, so that the receiving HARQ knows whether to combine the received encoder packets with any previous accepted copies. As soon as missing PDUs are detected, the RLC sends the RLC Nak to the RLC transmitter to request a retransmission. This scheme is currently being discussed in the LTE standard. The attractiveness of this scheme is that it does not need additional overhead of the radio broadcast and that it covers case 1) and case 2) above.

Any of the above described circuits by itself works independently (with different efficiencies). However, with the active first circuitry, retransmitted RLC PDUs can cause the “new packet indicator” to change, and the RLC receiver can no longer make the same conclusion.

Thus, for the transmitting side, it is desirable to indicate to the receiving side which circuit the receiving side should expect or execute. In some aspects of the present disclosure, an indication (for example, in the form of an RLC configuration message when setting up an RLC DL) may be transmitted from the transmitting side to the receiving side, where the indication indicates which circuitry the receiver should execute or expect.

If the system decides to use the first scheme, rather than the second scheme, the error of accepting the HARQ Nak as Ack may not be detected by HARQ. As a result, the RLC transmitter may think that the corresponding RLC PDUs in the encoder packet were successful when in fact this is not the case. To solve this problem, in some aspects of the present disclosure, it is proposed to associate a timer with a “skip” detected in an RLC receiver. A timer can start whenever a “skip” is detected, and it can end either when a “skip” is filled, or when a predetermined time is reached. The set time value can be adjusted based on the delay requirement (for example, a strict delay requirement means a smaller timer). For example, if the delay requirement for the RLC is 100 ms (measured from the SAP point at the RLC transmitter to SAP at the RLC receiver, including all delays incurred due to HARQ and RLC retransmissions), then the timer can be set to approximately 54 ms. However, if the timer is too small, unnecessary RLC retransmissions may be created. If the timer is too long, retransmitted RLC PDUs may not meet the delay requirement. This timer can be set using the enhanced Node B (based on the delay requirement) and signaled to the UE (via the RLC stream), or it can be adaptively calculated if the UE knows the delay requirements.

Which of the above described schemes is better depends on whether the network implements the first scheme. If the first scheme is used, the best strategy is to use a timer in the RLC receiver, as described above. This combination would give acceptable performance with minimal complexity on the receiver. The reason is illustrated as follows.

Suppose:

P [1st HARQ transmission decoded successfully] = 0.8

P [2nd HARQ transmission decoded successfully] = 0.99

P [HARQ Nak-> Ack] = 10 ^ -2

Then P [1st gear unsuccessful and Nak-> Ack] = (1-0.8) * 10 ^ -2 ~ 10 ^ -3

Thus, the first circuit may fail 10 ^ -3, or 0.1% of the time. Therefore, only 0.1% of the time on a timer can be relied upon to recover. The probability “P [2nd gear decoded successfully]” is here to show that the number is small and therefore all calculations below are acceptable estimates (as opposed to exact numbers). For example, another NAK-> ACK incorrect detection scenario is not considered. 1st gear unsuccessful And 2nd gear unsuccessful And Nak is detected as "confirmed". However, the probability will be so small due to P [2nd gear successful] equal to 0.99.

However, if the first scheme is not used by the network, then the second scheme is needed because it does not require any additional overhead of the radio transmission.

It is understood that a specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed processes is an example of exemplary approaches. Based on design preferences, it is understood that a particular order or hierarchy of steps in processes can be reordered, while remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. The appended claims represent the elements of the various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to be limited to being represented by a particular order or hierarchy.

Those of skill in the art can understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a number of different technologies and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols and chips that can be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any their combination.

Those skilled in the art may further recognize that the various explanatory logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in relation to the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various explanatory components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described above, typically based on their functionality. Whether functionality such as hardware or software is implemented depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the entire system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each individual application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

The various explanatory logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in relation to the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or implemented using a universal processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a specialized integrated circuit (ASIC), a user programmable gate array (FPGA) ) or other programmable logic device, discrete component circuitry or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed for you Features described in this document. A universal processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any typical processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in relation to the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a compact disk, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. A typical storage medium is connected to the processor so that the processor can read information and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integral with the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in the ASIC. ASIC may reside in a user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

A description of the disclosed embodiments herein is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown in this document, but rather should correspond to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and new features disclosed in this document.

FIG. 4 illustrates a method 400 where circuits include receiver circuits, and step 402 in method 400 includes receiving a selected receiver circuit. At 404, a gap is detected in the receiver at the serial numbers of the RLC protocol data units (PDUs). At 406, a timer is started when a skip is detected, and at 408, a timer is associated with a skip. Accordingly, when the timer ends, the receiver determines that the pass is such that the data is lost and needs to be retransmitted. The receiver then asks the transmitter to resend or retransmit the lost data. Method 400 is a receiver method because the receiver determines when data is missing. For example, Node B sends an indication to the mobile phone that the circuit will be a receiver circuit, and then the mobile phone knows that it (the mobile phone) is responsible for tracking whether the connection was successful or retransmissions are needed. Node B can also tell the mobile phone which specific receiver circuitry to use. Alternatively, the Node B does not tell the mobile phone which specific receiver circuit to use, and the mobile phone itself chooses which specific receiver circuit to use.

5 illustrates a method 500 where the circuits include transmitter circuits, and step 502 in the method 500 includes receiving a selected transmitter circuit. At 504, a gap is detected in the sequence numbers of the RLC protocol data units (PDUs). At step 506, the HARQ channel is monitored for a period of time to determine if a predetermined bit has been changed. At step 508, it is determined whether the transmission is lost. The method 500 is a transmitter method because the transmitter determines when data is missing. In one embodiment, the HARQ bit is an indicator of a new packet that switches from 0 to 1 at the beginning of a new transmission, as explained below with reference to FIG. In one exemplary embodiment, a byte may be used instead of using a bit. Moreover, other triggering mechanisms may be used. This can be a countdown or forward countdown timer.

6 illustrates a method 600 where the circuits include receiver circuits and, at step 602, a gap is detected in the RLC receiver in the sequence numbers of the RLC protocol data units (PDUs). At 604, a timer is associated with a skip. The timer starts, and at 606, the timer stops when the skip is completed. Method 600 illustrates an example of delayed but not lost data. Method 600 is a receiver method because the receiver determines when data is missing. In this case, no data was missing, and no retransmission is needed. For an example where there is no data, a timer starts (forward or countdown timer), and when a threshold is reached and a skip still exists, the solution is to retransmit, and the receiver (for example, a mobile phone) tells node B for retransmission.

FIG. 7a illustrates a method 700 where the circuits include transmitter circuits, and step 702 in the method 700 includes detecting a gap in the sequence numbers of the first level PDUs. At 704, a second level channel is monitored for a period of time to determine if a predetermined digit has been changed. At step 706, it is determined whether the transmission is lost. Method 700 is a transmitter method because the transmitter determines when data is missing. For example, the first layer may be an RLC layer and may initiate transmission through a second level channel (s), for example, but not limited to, the HARQ level. The HARQ channel may include a discharge, for example, an indicator of a new packet that is switching between transmissions. If the discharge switches on all channels and there is missing data, then we can assume that the missing data is lost and a retransmission is needed.

Fig. 7b illustrates a method 710 how it is felt from the perspective of the UE. At step 712, a radio control (RLC) retransmission scheme is selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes, where the plurality of retransmission schemes include at least one receiver side circuit and one transmitter side circuit. For example, a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, may receive an RLC retransmission scheme from Node B. Node B may select a scheme from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes. Many retransmission schemes may include at least one receiver side circuit and at least one transmitter side circuit.

FIG. 8 illustrates a sequence 800 of data states A, B, and C. Reference 802 illustrates a plurality of blocks 804 in the form of moving from left to right to depict data moving from a transmitter to a receiver. Blocks 804 depict one gear divided into four parts. By reference 806, the two blocks 808 (upper and lower) are illustrated differently to show that they have a change in discharge to illustrate the start of a new single transmission. The two central units depict channels still transmitting the first single transmission. By reference 808, all channels transmit the second one transmission, and for all the indicator of the new packet is switched. For clarity, as soon as a skip is detected, the receiver will monitor the status of EACH HARQ channel, since “failed packets” could be delivered to ANY of these HARQ channels.

For a multiple access system (e.g., FDMA, OFDMA, CDMA, TDMA, etc.), several terminals may simultaneously transmit on the uplink. For such a system, pilot subbands may be shared between different terminals. Channel estimation methods can be used in cases where the pilot subbands for each terminal cover the entire working band (excluding band boundaries if possible). Such a pilot subband structure is desirable for obtaining frequency diversity for each terminal. The methods described herein may be implemented by various means. For example, these methods may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, which can be digital, analog, or both digital and analog, the processing modules used to estimate the channel can be implemented in one or more specialized integrated circuits (ASIC), digital signal processors (DSP), digital signal processing devices (DSPD ), programmable logic devices (PLDs), user-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and other electronic components designed for perform the functions described in this document, or in combination. Using software, implementation can occur through modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described in this document. Software codes can be stored in memory and executed by processors.

You must understand that the embodiments described in this document can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof. For hardware implementation, the processing modules can be implemented in one or more specialized integrated circuits (ASIC), digital signal processors (DSP), digital signal processing devices (DSPD), programmable logic devices (PLD), user programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described in this document, or in combination thereof.

When embodiments are implemented in software, firmware, middleware or microcode, program code or code segments, they may be stored on a computer-readable medium, such as a storage component. A code segment can be a procedure, function, subroutine, program, procedure, standard subroutine, module, software package, class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be associated with another code segment or a hardware circuit through the transmission and / or reception of information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. can be forwarded, redirected or transmitted using any suitable means, including memory sharing, message forwarding, relay transmission, network transmission, etc.

For a software implementation, the methods described in this document can be implemented using modules (eg, procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described in this document. Software codes may be stored in memory devices and executed by processors. The storage device may be implemented inside the processor or outside the processor, in which case it may be communicatively connected to the processor through various means that are known in the art.

9 illustrates a method 900 in which a plurality of 902 retransmission schemes are available, including transmission-side schemes 904 and receiver-side schemes 906 for interacting with mobile device 908. The mobile device is in motion and may be in insecure areas. Therefore, in one exemplary generalized non-limiting embodiment, method 900 includes applying security level 910. Security level 910 may determine whether the user is authorized to accept the feed or not. The decision to apply the circuit 904 on the transmission side and / or the circuit 906 on the receiver side can be made by applying AI level 912 (artificial intelligence). Sensor 914 may provide feedback to facilitate this decision. For example, a sensor can determine network conditions at a specific time and change the number and / or position of cells and mobile devices, as well as how often RLC PDUs are retransmitted and how often RLC PDUs are retransmitted in the last X amount of time. Moreover, statistics regarding retransmissions for any other metric, such as type of mobile device, manufacturer, modulation scheme used, to assist AI level 912 in deciding which type (s) of retransmission schemes 902 to apply.

Since at least part of the interaction between the device 908 and the network, such as SFN, is wireless, in one exemplary generalized non-limiting embodiment, a security level 910 is provided. Security level 910 can be used for cryptographic protection (eg, encryption) of data, as well as for digitally signing data to increase security and unwanted, inadvertent or intentional disclosure. In operation, a security component or level 910 may transmit data to / from SFN and mobile device 908.

The encryption component can be used for cryptographic protection of data during transmission, as well as during storage. The encryption component uses an encryption algorithm to encode data for security purposes. An algorithm is essentially a formula that is used to turn data into a secret code. Each algorithm uses a string of bits, known as a “key,” to perform calculations. The larger the key (for example, the more bits in the key), the greater the number of possible patterns can be created, respectively, making breaking the code and decrypting the data contents more difficult.

Most encryption algorithms use a block cipher method that encodes fixed blocks of input data, which are usually 64 to 128 bits long. The decryption component can be used to convert encrypted data back to its original form. In one aspect, a public key may be used to encrypt data during transmission to a storage device. When retrieved, data can be decrypted using a secret key that corresponds to the public key used for encryption.

The signature component can be used to digitally sign data and documents when transferring and / or retrieving from device 908. It must be understood that a digital signature or certificate ensures that the file has not been altered, similar to if it were moved in an electronically sealed envelope. A "signature" is an encrypted digest (for example, a one-way hash function) used to authenticate data. When accessing the data, the recipient can decrypt the digest and also recalculate the digest from the received file or data. If the digests match, the file is confirmed to be intact and falsified. In the work, digital certificates issued by a certification authority are most often used to ensure the authenticity of a digital signature.

Moreover, security level 910 may apply contextual understanding (e.g., a contextual understanding component) to enhance security. For example, the contextual understanding component can be used to observe and detect criteria associated with the data transmitted and requested from the device 908. In the work, these contextual factors can be used to filter junk e-mail (spam), to manage extraction (for example, access to highly sensitive data from the network) general use) or the like It will become clear that, in aspects, the contextual understanding component can apply logic that governs the transmission and / or retrieval of data in accordance with external criteria and factors. The application of contextual understanding can be used in relation to level 912 of artificial intelligence (AI).

The AI level or component can be used to facilitate the derivation and / or determination of when, where, how to dynamically change the level of security and / or the degree of echo control. Such a conclusion leads to the construction of new events or actions from the totality of observed events and / or stored data about events, regardless of whether the events are correlated in the immediate temporal proximity, and whether events and data come from one or several source (s) of the event (events) ) and data.

The AI component may also apply any of a number of suitable AI-based schemes to facilitate various aspects of the invention described herein. The classification can use probabilistic and / or statistical analysis (for example, accounting in the analysis of utility and costs) to predict or derive the action that the user wants to be performed automatically. The AI level can be used in conjunction with the security level to draw conclusions about changes in the transmitted data and give recommendations to the security level as to which security level to apply.

For example, a reference vector method (SVM) classifier may be used. Other classification approaches include Bayesian networks, decision trees, and probabilistic classification models that provide different patterns of independence can be applied. The classification that is used in this document also includes statistical regression, which is used to develop models with priorities.

Moreover, sensor 914 can be used in conjunction with security level 910. Moreover, human identification factors can be used to enhance security by using the 914 sensor. For example, biometrics (eg, fingerprints, retina patterns, face recognition, DNA sequences, handwriting analysis, speech recognition) can be used to enhance authentication to control access to repository. It will be understood that embodiments may employ multifactor tests in authenticating a user's identity.

Sensor 914 can also be used to provide security level 910 with generalized non-human measurement data, such as electromagnetic field data or predicted weather data, etc. For example, any possible state may be measured, and security levels may be adjusted or determined in response to the measured state.

10 illustrates an environment 1000 in which a receiver-side skip synchronization component 1002 and / or a transmission-side HARQ tracking component 1003 is applied to a mobile device 1004 and optimized using an optimizer component 1006. An optimizer 1006 is provided to optimize the interaction between the SFN and the device 1004. An optimizer 1006 optimizes or enhances the interaction between the SFN and the device 1004 by receiving security information from the security component 1008. For example, when the security level 1008 informs the optimizer 1006 that they are both in a secure environment, the optimizer 1006 compares this information with other information and may instruct the security level 1008 to remove protection from all transmissions in order to achieve maximum speed. Moreover, the feedback layer or component 1010 may provide feedback on lost data packets or other information to provide feedback to optimizer 1006. This feedback on lost packets may be matched to the desired security level to permit less reliable data transmission, if desired. but with higher bandwidth.

11 provides a schematic diagram of an example network or distributed computing environment in which echo control can be applied. The distributed computing environment comprises computing entities 1110a, 1110b, etc. and computing objects or devices 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc. These objects may contain programs, methods, data stores, programmable logic, etc. Objects may contain parts of the same or different devices, for example, PDAs, audio / video devices, MP3 players, personal computers, etc. Each object can interact with another object through a communication network 1140. This network itself may contain other computing objects and computing devices that provide services to the system of FIG. 11, and may itself represent several interconnected networks. In accordance with one aspect of the at least one generalized non-limiting embodiment, each object 1110a, 1110b, etc. or 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc. may comprise an application that may use an application programming interface (API), or other object, software, firmware, and / or hardware suitable for use with a design infrastructure in accordance with at least one generalized non-limiting embodiment.

You can also take into account that an object, such as 1120c, can be located on another computing device 1110a, 1110b, etc. or 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc. Thus, although the physical environment depicted may show connected devices as computers, such an illustration is only exemplary, and the physical environment may alternatively be depicted or described containing various digital devices, such as PDAs, televisions, MP3 players, etc., any of which can use a number of wired and wireless services, software objects, such as interfaces, COM objects, etc.

There are a number of systems, components, and network configurations that support distributed computing environments. For example, computing systems can be connected together via wired or wireless systems, via local area networks or highly distributed networks. Currently, many of the networks are connected to the Internet, which provides infrastructure for distributed computing and includes many different networks. Any of the infrastructures can be used for the typical communication characteristic of the algorithms and optimization processes according to the present invention.

In a home network environment, there are at least four different network transport media that can support a unique protocol, such as a power line, data (both wireless and wired), speech (eg, telephone), and entertainment information. Most home control devices, such as light switches for household appliances, can use power lines for connectivity. Data services can enter the house as a broadband network (e.g. DSL or cable modem) and are available inside the house using either wireless (e.g. HomeRF and 802.11A / B / G) or wired (e.g. Home PNA, cable system Category 5, Ethernet, even power line) connectivity. Voice traffic can enter the house either wired (for example, through a category 3 cable system) or wirelessly (for example, cell phones) and can be distributed inside the house using category 3 wiring. Entertainment information or other graphic data can enter the house or via satellite or cable and are usually distributed in the house using coaxial cable. IEEE 1394 and DVI are also digital bundles for clusters of multimedia devices. All of these network environments and others that may or may have already arisen in the form of protocol standards can be interconnected to form a network, such as an intranet, that can be connected to the outside world through a global network, such as the Internet. In short, a variety of different sources exists for storing and transmitting data, and therefore, any of the computing devices of the present invention can share and transmit data in any existing manner, and no method described in the embodiments of this document is intended to be limiting.

The Internet usually refers to a set of networks and gateways that use a set of protocols from the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP), which are well known in the field of computer networking. The Internet can be described as a system of geographically distributed remote computer networks interconnected by computers that run network protocols that allow users to interact and share information on the network (s). Due to this expansion of widespread information sharing, remote networks, such as the Internet, have now evolved into an open system with which developers can design software applications to perform specialized actions or services, essentially without restriction.

Thus, the network infrastructure allows a host of network topologies, such as client / server, peer-to-peer, or hybrid architectures. “Client” is a member of a class or group that uses the services of another class or group to which it does not belong. Thus, in computing, the client is a process, i.e. roughly a set of commands or tasks that requests a service provided by another program. The client process uses the requested service without the need to "know" any details about another program or about the service itself. In a client / server architecture, in particular in a network system, a client is typically a computer that accesses network shares provided by another computer, such as a server. In the illustration of FIG. 11, by way of example, computers 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc. can be represented as clients, and computers 1110a, 1110b, etc. can be represented as servers, where servers 1110a, 1110b, etc. store data that is then replicated to client computers 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc., although any computer can be considered a client, server, or both, as the case may be. Any of these computing devices may be data processing or requesting services or tasks that may comprise optimization algorithms and processes in accordance with at least one generalized non-limiting embodiment.

A server is typically a remote computing system accessible by a remote or local area network, such as the Internet or wireless network infrastructures. The client process can be active in the first computing system, and the server process can be active in the second computing system, interacting with each other through the transmission medium, thereby providing distributed functionality and allowing several clients to take advantage of the information collection capabilities of the server. Any software objects used in accordance with algorithms and optimization processes from at least one generalized non-limiting embodiment may be distributed across several computing devices or objects.

Client (s) and server (s) interact with each other using the functionality provided by the protocol layer (s). For example, the Hypertext File Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a standard protocol that is used in conjunction with the World Wide Web (WWW) or Network. Typically, a network address of a computer, such as an Internet Protocol (IP) address, or another link, such as a Unified Resource Locator (URL), can be used to identify server or client computers for each other. The network address may be referred to as a URL. Communication can be provided through a transmission medium, for example, client (s) and server (s) can be connected to each other via TCP / IP connection (s) for high bandwidth communication.

Thus, FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary network or distributed environment with server (s) in communication with client computer (s) via a network / bus, in which the ping described in this document or the support of one SFN using another SFN can be applied. In more detail, a number of servers 1110a, 1110b, etc. interconnected via a communication network / bus 1140, which may be a LAN, WAN, intranet, GSM network, Internet, etc., with a number of client or remote computing devices 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc., for example, a laptop computer, handheld computer, thin client, network device, or other device, such as a VCR, television, stove, light, heater, etc. in accordance with the present invention. Accordingly, it is contemplated that the present invention can be applied to any computing device in relation to which it is desirable to exchange data over a network.

In a network environment in which the communication network / bus 1140 is the Internet, for example, servers 1110a, 1110b, etc. can be Web servers that clients 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc. communicate with. through any number of known protocols, such as HTTP. Servers 1110a, 1110b, etc. can also serve as clients 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc., which may be characteristic of a distributed computing environment.

As mentioned, communication can be wired or wireless, or a combination, as needed. Client devices 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc. may or may not communicate via communication network / bus 1140, and may have associated independent communication with it. For example, in the case of a television or VCR, there may or may not be a network aspect to control them. Each client computer 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc. and server computer 1110a, 1110b, etc. can be equipped with various application modules or objects 1135a, 1135b, 1135c, etc. and connections or access to various types of storage elements or objects in which files or data streams can be stored or to which part (s) of files or data streams can be downloaded, transferred or migrated. Any one or more computers 1110a, 1110b, 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc. may be responsible for maintaining and updating a database 1130 or other storage element, such as a database or storage device 1130 for storing data processed or stored in accordance with at least one generalized non-limiting embodiment. Thus, the present invention can be used in a computer network environment having client computers 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc. that can access and interact with computer network / bus 1140, and server computers 1110a, 1110b, and t .d. that can interact with client computers 1120a, 1120b, 1120c, 1120d, 1120e, etc. and other similar devices, and the database 1130 data.

EXAMPLE COMPUTER DEVICE

As mentioned, the invention applies to any device in which it may be desirable to exchange data, for example, to a mobile device. Therefore, it should be understood that handheld, portable and other computing devices and computing objects of all kinds are considered for use in relation to the present invention, that is, wherever the device can exchange data or otherwise receive, process or store data. Accordingly, the universal remote computer described in FIG. 12 below is just one example, and the present invention can be implemented with any client having compatibility and interoperability with a network / bus. Thus, the present invention can be implemented in an environment hosted on a network of services, which implies very small or minimal client resources, such as a network environment in which the client device serves only as an interface to the network / bus, for example, an object placed in the device.

Although not necessary, at least one generalized non-limiting embodiment may be partially implemented through an operating system for use by a service developer for a device or object, and / or may be included in application software that operates in connection with component (s) of at least from one generalized non-limiting embodiment. Software may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, for example, program modules, executed by one or more computers, such as client workstations, servers, or other devices. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention can be practiced with other configurations and protocols of a computing system.

12, respectively, illustrates an example of a suitable computing system environment 1200a in which the invention may be implemented, although as explained above, the computing system environment 1200a is only one example of a suitable computing environment and is not intended to offer any limitation on the scope or functionality inventions. Computing medium 1200a should not be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement pertaining to any component or combination of components illustrated in the example operating environment 1200a.

With reference to FIG. 12, an example remote device for implementing at least one generalized non-limiting embodiment includes a general-purpose computing device in the form of a computer 1210a. Computer components 1210a may include, but are not limited to, processor 1220a, system memory 1230a, and system bus 1225a that connects various system components, including system memory, to processor 1220a. The system bus 1225a may be any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.

Computer 1210a typically includes a number of computer-readable media. Machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed using computer 1210a. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may include computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information, such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, a compact disc, universal digital disks (DVD) or other optical disc drive, magnetic tapes, magnetic tape, magnetic disks or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the necessary information and which can be accessed using the computer 1210a. Communication media typically implement computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier or other transport mechanism, and include any information delivery media.

System memory 1230a may include computer storage media in the form of volatile and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) and / or random access memory (RAM). A basic input / output system (BIOS) containing basic procedures that help transfer information between elements within a computer 1210a, for example, during startup, can be stored in a storage device 1230a. The storage device 1230a typically also contains data and / or program modules that are directly accessible and / or are currently triggered by the processing module 1220a. By way of example, and not limitation, memory 1230a may also include an operating system, application programs, other program modules, and program data.

Computer 1210a may also include other removable / non-removable, volatile / non-volatile computer storage media. For example, computer 1210a may include a hard disk drive that reads or writes to non-removable non-volatile magnetic media, a magnetic disk drive that reads or writes to a removable non-volatile magnetic disk, and an optical drive that reads or writes to a removable non-volatile optical disc, such as CD-ROM or other optical media. Other removable / non-removable, volatile / non-volatile computer storage media that may be used in an example operating environment include, but are not limited to, magnetic tape tapes, flash memory cards, universal digital disks, digital video tape, solid state RAM, solid state ROM etc. A hard disk drive is usually connected to the system bus 1225a via a non-removable memory interface, such as an interface, and a magnetic disk drive or optical drive is usually connected to the system bus 1225a via a removable memory interface, such as an interface.

The user can enter commands and information into the computer 1210a through input devices such as a keyboard and pointing device, commonly referred to as a mouse, trackball or touch pad. Other input devices may include a microphone, joystick, game controller, satellite dish, scanner, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processor 1220a via the user and associated input interface (s) 1240a, which are connected to the system bus 1225a, but can be connected via another interface and bus structures such as a parallel port, game port, or universal serial bus ( USB). A graphics subsystem can also be connected to the 1225a system bus. A monitor or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 1225a through an interface, for example, an output interface 1250a, which in turn can interact with video memory. In addition to the monitor, computers can also include other peripheral output devices, such as speakers and a printer, that can be connected through the output interface 1250a.

Computer 1210a may operate in a network or distributed environment using logical connections with one or more other remote computers, such as remote computer 1270a, which in turn may have multimedia capabilities other than device 1210a. Remote computer 1270a may be a personal computer, server, router, network PC, peer device or other common network node, or any other remote device that consumes or transmits media, and may include any or all of the elements described above with respect to computer 1210a. The logical connections shown in FIG. 12 include a network 1280a, such as a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN), but may also include other networks / buses. Such networking environments are commonplace in homes, offices, corporate computer networks, intranets, and the Internet.

Computer 1210a, when used in a LAN environment, connects to LAN 1280a through a network interface or adapter. When used in a WAN network environment, computer 1210a typically includes a communications component, such as a modem, or other means for establishing communications through a WAN, such as the Internet. A communication component, such as a modem, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 1225a via a user input interface 1240a or other suitable mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to computer 1210a, or portions thereof, may be stored in a remote storage device. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown and described are exemplary, and other means of establishing a communication link between computers may be used.

13 illustrates a device 1300 operating in a wireless communication system, the device including a modular component 1302 for detecting a miss in a radio control receiver (RLC) in serial numbers of RLC protocol data units (PDUs), a modular component 1304 for associating a timer with a skip and a modular component 1306 for starting a timer when a skip is detected. The device may include a modular component 1308 to terminate the timer when a gap is filled. The device may include a modular component 1310 for stopping the timer when a predetermined time value is reached. The set time value can be adjusted based on the delay requirement.

What is described above includes examples of one or more aspects. Of course, it is impossible to describe every possible combination of components or methods in order to describe the above aspects, however, an ordinary person skilled in the art may recognize that many additional combinations and permutations of various aspects are permissible. Accordingly, the described aspects are intended to include all such changes, modifications and variations that are within the scope of the attached claims. Furthermore, in the case where the term “includes” is used either in the detailed description or in the claims, such a term is intended to be inclusive, in a sense, similar to the term “comprising”, since “comprising” is interpreted when used as an intermediate words in the claims.

Claims (29)

1. A method for selecting and using a radio control control (RLC) retransmission scheme in a wireless communication system, comprising the steps of:
sending to the receiver from the transmitter an indication of the RLC retransmission scheme selected from the plurality of RLC retransmission schemes; and
use the specified RLC retransmission scheme in the transmitter. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising determining at the transmitter whether the transmission of protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC is lost. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of retransmission schemes includes at least one circuit on the receiver side and one circuit on the transmitter side. 4. An apparatus for selecting and using a radio control control (RLC) retransmission scheme in a wireless communication system, comprising:
means for sending to the receiver from the transmitter an indication of an RLC retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes; and
means for using said RLC retransmission scheme in the transmitter. 5. The device according to claim 4, further comprising means for determining at the transmitter whether the transmission of protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC is lost. 6. The device according to claim 4, in which the plurality of retransmission schemes includes at least one circuit on the receiver side and one circuit on the transmitter side. 7. A wireless communication device for selecting and using a radio control retransmission (RLC) scheme in a wireless communication system, comprising:
memory; and
at least one processor connected to the memory and configured to:
send to the receiver from the transmitter an indication of the RLC retransmission scheme selected from the plurality of RLC retransmission schemes; and
use the specified RLC retransmission scheme in the transmitter. 8. The device according to claim 7, in which the processor is further configured to determine in the transmitter whether the transmission of protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC is lost. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the plurality of retransmission schemes include at least one circuit on the receiver side and one circuit on the transmitter side. 10. A machine-readable medium containing codes for selecting and using a radio communication control (RLC) retransmission scheme, when accessed, the machine performs the steps of:
sending to the receiver from the transmitter an indication of the RLC retransmission scheme selected from the plurality of RLC retransmission schemes; and
use the specified RLC retransmission scheme in the transmitter. 11. The computer-readable medium of claim 10, further comprising a code, upon accessing which the machine performs a step, which determines at the transmitter whether the transmission of protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC is lost. 12. The computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the plurality of retransmission schemes includes at least one circuit on the receiver side and one circuit on the transmitter side. 13. A method for selecting and using a radio control control (RLC) retransmission scheme in a wireless communication system, comprising the steps of:
sending to the receiver from the transmitter an indication of the RLC retransmission scheme selected from the plurality of RLC retransmission schemes; and
using said RLC retransmission scheme in the transmitter;
however, many retransmission schemes include a receiver side circuit and a transmitter side circuit;
wherein the receiver side circuit includes steps in which:
in the receiver, a gap is detected in the sequence numbers of the protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC,
associate a timer with a skip, and
start the timer when a skip is detected; and
the transmitter side circuit includes the steps of:
detect a gap in the RLC PDU sequence,
monitoring the hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) channels for a certain period of time to determine if a predetermined digit has been changed, while the predetermined digit is an indicator of a new packet, and
determine if the transmission of protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC is lost. 14. A method for selecting and using a radio control control (RLC) retransmission scheme in a wireless communication system, comprising the steps of:
receiving, at the receiver, an indication of an RLC retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes; and
using the indicated RLC retransmission scheme at the receiver. 15. The method according to 14, further comprising stages, in which:
in the receiver, a gap is detected in the sequence numbers of the protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC;
associate a timer with a skip;
and start the timer when a skip is detected. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising determining at the receiver whether the transmission of RLC protocol data units (PDUs) has been lost. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of retransmission schemes includes at least one circuit on the receiver side and one circuit on the transmitter side. 18. An apparatus for selecting and using a radio control control (RLC) retransmission scheme in a wireless communication system, comprising:
means for receiving at the receiver an indication of an RLC retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes; and
means for using said RLC retransmission scheme at the receiver. 19. The device according to p, optionally containing:
means for detecting in the skip receiver in the serial numbers of the protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC;
means for associating a timer with a skip; and
means for starting a timer when a skip is detected. 20. The device according to p. 18, further containing means for determining at the receiver whether the transmission of protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC is lost. 21. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the plurality of retransmission schemes includes at least one circuit on the receiver side and one circuit on the transmitter side. 22. A wireless communication system for selecting and using a radio control retransmission (RLC) scheme, comprising:
memory; and
at least one processor connected to the memory and configured to:
receive, at the receiver, an indication of an RLC retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes; and
use the specified RLC retransmission scheme in the receiver. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein the processor is further configured to:
detect in the receiver a gap in the sequence numbers of the protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC;
associate a timer with a skip; and
start the timer when a skip is detected. 24. The system of claim 22, wherein the processor is further configured to determine at the receiver whether the transmission of RLC protocol data units (PDUs) has been lost. 25. The system of claim 22, wherein the plurality of retransmission schemes includes at least one circuit on the receiver side and one circuit on the transmitter side. 26. A machine-readable medium containing codes for selecting and using a radio communication control (RLC) retransmission scheme, when accessed, the machine performs the steps of:
receiving, at the receiver, an indication of an RLC retransmission scheme selected from a plurality of RLC retransmission schemes; and
using the indicated RLC retransmission scheme at the receiver. 27. The computer-readable medium of claim 26, further comprising codes, when accessed, the machine performs the steps of:
in the receiver, a gap is detected in the sequence numbers of the protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC;
associate a timer with a skip; and
start the timer when a skip is detected. 28. The computer-readable medium of claim 26, further comprising a code, upon accessing which the machine executes the step of determining at the receiver whether the transmission of protocol data units (PDUs) of the RLC is lost. 29. The computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the plurality of retransmission schemes include at least one circuit on the receiver side and one circuit on the transmitter side.

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