RU2438784C2 - Method of disintegrating lumpy stock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to concentration of minerals, particularly, to disintegration of rocks containing useful components either separated or as rock joints. Proposed method comprises feeding lumpy stock into work chamber inner space, crushing it in bottom section, disintegrating and accelerating to collision with side wall of said chamber and its cover, and releasing disintegrated stock from side opening of said chamber and its cover. Said stock is disintegrated by rotary crushing elements fitted at different levels to form annular crushing surface made up of to and bottom crushing elements. Rotation of two parallel annular and one disk elements arranged above annular crushing surface and jointed by radial vanes allows forming two airflows: one is directed from work chamber into space between adjacent surface of annular elements toward work chamber wall via slotted space between said wall and rotating crushing elements and, further, as an upward flow, into work chamber space, while another flow is directed from work chamber together with disintegrated stock particles in space between surfaces of annular and disk elements and into work chamber bottom section for subsequent extraction therefrom.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of concentration.

2 cl

Description

The invention relates to the enrichment of minerals, in particular to the disintegration of lumpy rock mass, which contains particles of a useful component in a separate form or in rock splices. The method can be used to grind lumpy raw materials to a standard particle size distribution, which provides the necessary commercial product. In addition, the method can be effectively used as a preliminary technological cycle for the enrichment of technogenic mineral deposits, represented by metallurgical waste products - slag, which contain particles of a useful component that are heterogeneous in particle size distribution, which can be extracted during the disintegration of the feedstock.

A known method of enrichment of raw materials with metal inclusions. The method includes feeding the feedstock into the space of the working chamber, which has a bottom and a lid, exposure to destructive elements, distribution to components that contain and do not contain metal (I.M. Kelina "Ore dressing", M .: Nedra, 1979 , p. 93).

The disadvantage of this method is its low productivity due to the cyclical nature of the disintegration cycle. The method has limited use, since it allows you to separate the feedstock, which is characterized by low strength, or raw materials, which are represented by splices of strong and low strength components.

The method requires preliminary preparation of the feedstock, which negatively affects the cost of the final commercial product.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a method of disintegration of lumpy raw materials, which is implemented in a method of enrichment of raw materials with metal inclusions.

The known method includes supplying lumpy raw materials to a limited space of the working chamber, exposing the raw materials to the bottom with destructive elements, disintegrating the raw materials and imparting centrifugal particles to the particles before colliding with the side wall of the working chamber and its cover, removing disintegrated raw materials from the side opening in the working chamber and from its bottom (Patent of Ukraine for the invention No. 64672).

The disadvantage of this method is that during the disintegration of the feedstock, which is characterized by increased strength, it is possible to jam small particles of space between the moving parts of the elements of the device. In addition, during the disintegration of raw materials, which consists of high-strength particles, the process of their destruction takes a long period of time.

These disadvantages are due to the fact that there are no circulating flows in the working chamber that affect small particles.

A significant duration of the processing of raw materials is due to the fact that it is affected only by low-profile grinding elements, which create insignificant dynamic forces and give individual particles acceleration towards the walls of the working chamber to destroy the ribbed lining. The loss of particle velocity during movement and the small size of the lining ribs requires a multi-cycle dynamic action to grind them to a given size.

When implementing the known method in a device for the disintegration of mineral raw materials, it is difficult to create excess pressure inside the working chamber, which complicates the conditions for the removal of crushed particles and creates conditions for the deposition of these particles inside the working chamber.

The objective of the invention is to improve the method of disintegration of lumpy raw materials due to the complex effect on the pieces of raw materials of rotating crushing and grinding elements with the formation of at least two main air flows: one of which is circulated from the working chamber into the slot between the rotating destructive elements and the wall of the working chamber and further - back to the space of the working chamber, and another stream, which contains disintegrated raw materials, is sent to the bottom of the chamber for later Deposition of crushed particles present.

The implementation of the task allows for the effective disintegration of lumpy raw materials, which has a wide range of physico-mechanical properties and particle size distribution. The formation of a circulating air flow inside the working chamber helps to prevent the likelihood of jamming by the strong particles of the rotating structural elements that implements the method.

Compared with the prototype, the claimed method allows for high-performance processing of feedstock for various industries, as well as to process man-made deposits formed as a result of the activities of mining and ore-dressing enterprises, as well as enterprises of the mining and metallurgical complex.

Depending on the goal, the disintegration of raw materials using the claimed method allows you to both grind the raw material to the specified parameters, and to isolate particles of a useful component, such as metal from rock splices.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the method of disintegration of lumpy raw materials includes feeding it into a limited space of the working chamber, exposing the raw materials in the bottom with destructive elements, disintegrating the raw materials and imparting centrifugal particles to its particles until they collide with the side wall of the working chamber and its cover, the extraction of disintegrated raw materials from the side opening in the working chamber and from its bottom.

According to the invention, the disintegrable raw materials are subjected to rotational destructive elements of different levels, relative to the vertical plane, which, in the projection onto the horizontal plane, form an annular destructive surface, consisting of diametrically located upper level crushing elements, lower level grinding elements, while rotating two parallel ring and one disk elements, which are located under the annular destructive over and connected by radial blades, form two air flows: one of which is sent from the space of the working chamber into the space between adjacent surfaces of the annular elements towards the wall of the working chamber through the slotted space between the wall of the working chamber and rotating destructive elements and further, in the form of an ascending flow into the space of the working chamber, and the second air flow from the space of the working chamber together with particles of disintegrated raw materials is directed into the space between the surface s and the annular disk elements in the bottom portion of the processing chamber for the next extraction.

To effectively unload the particles of the useful component and reduce the content of dust particles in the product into the working chamber, an air flow is directed through the open side opening, which is formed by rotating destructive elements and isolating the loading hole, which is performed in the working chamber.

The method of enrichment of raw materials with metal inclusions is implemented as follows.

Alternatively, to implement the method requires the following equipment.

The working chamber is installed vertically, has a cylindrical shape with a lid and an opening in the side. Along the axis of the chamber is a drive shaft associated with the drive. The drive shaft in the bottom of the chamber is connected by means of radial blades with destructive elements, as well as vertically successively with two annular and one disk elements arranged horizontally.

From the side of the working chamber space, rotating destructive elements are arranged at different levels relative to the vertical plane. These destructive elements in the projection onto the horizontal plane form an annular destructive surface, consisting of diametrically located upper-level crushing elements protruding above the annular destructive surface, in the form of geometrically regular or faceted blocks and lower-level elements that are ground, in the form of flat or faceted plates, or sector parts of the disk. Destructive elements can be directly attached to the upper annular element.

Under the upper annular element is located the lower annular element, which is connected to the upper annular element using blades, which in turn are fixed to the drive shaft.

Under the lower annular element is a disk element that is connected by blades attached to the drive shaft.

Between the destructive elements and the inner part of the body there is a gap space, the parameters of which provide the necessary air circulation during the rotation of the destructive elements.

The implementation of the method is based on the formation of three main technological zones for the disintegration of bulk materials:

- a zone of disintegration of bulk raw materials with destructive elements;

- air circulation zone along the trajectory: the space of the working chamber - the space between the upper and lower annular elements - the gap space between the destructive elements and the inner part of the working chamber - the space of the working chamber;

- the zone of movement of the air flow and disintegrated raw materials into the space between the lower annular and disk elements and further into the bottom of the chamber for the next deposition and transportation.

The method is implemented as follows.

Bulk raw materials are fed into the space of the working chamber. Depending on the design, the chamber is a cylinder with a cover and a bottom. Loading of raw materials can be carried out from the side of the upper and lateral parts of the housing of the working chamber. The supply of raw materials is carried out by rotation of the drive shaft, which rotates all the moving elements of the device. This prevents peak loads on the drive and the likelihood of failure.

In the bottom of the working chamber, destructive elements act on the raw materials, which are multilevel, relative to the vertical plane. Destructive elements, projected onto the horizontal plane, form an annular destructive surface, which consists of diametrically located upper-level crushing elements and lower-level grinding elements.

Large particles of raw materials fall under the action of crushing elements, and small particles of raw materials are exposed to grinding elements. Destructive elements rotate and give centrifugal acceleration to destroyed or partially destroyed particles of raw materials. Due to the collision of particles with the wall of the working chamber, they are regrind. If the inner surface of the working chamber is equipped with a ribbed lining, then the grinding efficiency is increased.

When the particles of raw materials are destroyed inside the working chamber, circulation flows arise, which form the zones of rarefaction and overpressure. These circulation flows are formed due to the rotation of two consecutive parallel annular and one disk elements, which are located under the annular destructive surface and are interconnected by radial blades.

Rotating ring elements form a stream of air, which is directed into the space between adjacent surfaces of the ring elements in the direction of the wall of the working chamber. Penetrating into the gap space between the wall of the working chamber and the rotating destructive elements, air in the form of an upward flow penetrates into the space of the working chamber.

The second air stream, together with particles of disintegrated raw materials, is directed into the lower space between the surfaces of the annular and disk elements. Through this space, the air flow moves, capturing the crushed particles into the bottom of the working chamber for the next extraction and processing.

If solid, non-destroyed useful components are represented by large particles, for example, in the processing of slags, then, as they are freed from rock splices, they are unloaded through a side discharge opening in the wall of the working chamber. Unloading is carried out through the use of centrifugal forces that arise during the rotation of destructive elements. Large, undamaged particles that contain a useful component are disposed of in a hopper or transport device for subsequent disposal.

To effectively unload particles of the useful component and reduce the volume of particles of the dust fraction in the product into the working chamber, an air flow is directed through the open side opening, which is formed by rotating destructive elements and isolating the loading hole, which is performed in the working chamber.

The reduction in the volume of dusty particles in a marketable product is achieved by the fact that particles with a useful component that has a large specific gravity, due to centrifugal forces, moves through a side opening in the working chamber, while forming an air flow directed in the opposite direction - into the working chamber, when In this case, the dust particles also return to the working chamber and are carried out through its bottom.

Implementation of the claimed method allows to increase the efficiency of enrichment of raw materials with metal inclusions in a wide range of its physical and mechanical properties. As raw materials can be used as ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and metallurgical waste products - slag. The method provides the ability to connect two technological processes: grinding of raw materials and its separation into components.

Claims (2)

1. A method of disintegrating lumpy raw materials, which includes feeding it into a limited space of the working chamber, exposing the raw materials to the bottom with destructive elements, disintegrating the raw materials and imparting to the particles centrifugal acceleration until they collide with the side wall of the working chamber and its cover, removing the disintegrated raw materials from side opening in the working chamber and from its bottom, characterized in that the disintegrable raw materials are affected by destructive rotational levels of a relatively vertical plane I have elements that, in projection onto a horizontal plane, form an annular destructive surface, which consists of diametrically located upper-level crushing elements and lower-level grinding elements, while rotating two consecutive parallel ring and one disk elements successively located from top to bottom, which are located under the annular destructive surface and connect between each other with radial blades, form two air flows: one of which from the space of the working chamber, for example flow into the space between adjacent surfaces of the annular elements towards the wall of the working chamber through the slit space between the wall of the working chamber and rotating destructive elements and then in the form of an upward flow into the space of the working chamber, and the second air stream from the working chamber space together with particles of disintegrated raw materials is directed to the space between the surfaces of the annular and disk elements in the bottom of the working chamber for the next extraction. 2. The method of disintegration of lump raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that an air stream is directed into the working chamber through an open side opening, which is formed by rotating destructive elements and isolating the loading hole, which is performed in the working chamber.