RU2436924C2 - Determination of distance with magnetic devices at drilling of parallel wells - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining. ^ SUBSTANCE: method involves the following operations: direction and inclination angle is measured at least for one of bottom hole assemblies (BHA) in wells, formation of magnetic field is performed at least in one of BHA and magnetic field is measured in the other BHA. The method involves the operation of determining mutual geometrical arrangement of one BHA relative to the other BHA. The method involves the following additional operation: position of one BHA is determined relative to geological structure of the Earth or geometrical shape of the Earth. The method involves the following additional operation: automatic positioning of one well relative to the other well is performed so that their pre-set mutual geometrical location can be maintained. ^ EFFECT: increasing efficiency of the drilling process owing to shortening the time during which the drilling plants do not perform drilling, or owing to eliminating the necessity for availability of additional equipment that is used only for movement of the tools lowered into the well by means of a rope in cased well. ^ 71 cl, 14 dwg

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS FOR THE INVENTION

This patent application claims the priority of provisional patent application US No. 60 / 822,598 with a filing date of August 16, 2006, entitled "Magnetic Ranging While Drilling Parallel Wells." The present application may be related application for US patent No. 11/550839 with a filing date of October 19, 2006, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Locating Well Casings from an Adjacent Wellbore", and application for US patent No. 11 / 781,704, with the date July 23, 2007, entitled "Method for Optimizing Magnetic Signals and Detecting Casing."

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

For drilling, for example, a pair of parallel wells 102, 104 for applications using the gravitational development mode with steam treatment of the formation, Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), as shown in FIG. 1, various methods were used. An important task when drilling such wells is to achieve the appropriate location of each well relative to each other. As used herein, the term “first” horizontal well is used in such a way that it refers to that well 102 that is drilled first (and which is completed first in the prior art) and which is usually a lower production well. In various embodiments, the “first” well 102 may be drilled shortly before the second well is drilled. In contrast, the term “second” well refers to a well 104, which is an upper well that, in the prior art, completes a second in order.

Often for drilling shallow wells (several hundred meters deep), an inclined drilling rig is used. In a directional drilling rig, a drill pipe enters the ground at an angle of approximately 45 °, so a well can be quickly created at an angle of 90 °, i.e. horizontal. After drilling in the desired area, the first well 102 is terminated with a shank with slit-like longitudinal holes and a tubing string. A slotted shank typically has an outer diameter (OD) of 7 inches or 9-5 / 8 inches. Tubing pipes typically have 3-1 / 2 inch IDs and continue until the well is “toe”. A second tubing string can also go to the heel of a productive well.

With reference now to FIG. 2, then a tool 202 is placed in a tubing string of a well No. 1 102, lowered into the well by a cable. Tool 202, lowered into the well on a cable, is necessary to determine the distance between two wells 102, 104 and their relative location, that is, to determine the information necessary to adjust the direction of the second well (No. 2) so that it is parallel to well No. 1 The arrangement 212 of the bottom of the drill string, BHA (BHA), in well No. 2 104 contains a tool 214 for downhole measurements during drilling, SIPB (MWD), and a system 216 for directional drilling, for example, a rotary engine with a deflecting sub or rotary rotary drilling system.

There are two methods of magnetic ranging known from the prior art using a tool lowered into a well on a cable inside tubing.

), которое может быть измерено инструментом 214 для СИПБ в скважине № 2 (см. патент США № 5,485,089, RE 36,569, статью A. Kuckes и др. "New Electromagnetic Ranging/Surveying Method for Drilling Parallel Horizontal Twin Wells", SPE Drilling and Completion, June 1966, p.85-90). Инструмент 202, спускаемый в скважину на тросе, содержит большой соленоид, который формирует магнитное поле с известной (заданной) напряженностью и с известным (заданным) распределением поля. Насосно-компрессорные трубы и хвостовик обсадной колонны со щелевидными отверстиями оказывают воздействие на магнитное поле, но их влияние может быть устранено путем калибровки соленоида внутри насосно-компрессорных труб и обсадной колонны того же самого размера, выполняемой на поверхности. Величина измеренного магнитного поля указывает расстояние между этими двумя скважинами 102, 104, а направление магнитного поля указывает их относительные положения.In the first method, the tool 202, lowered into the well on a cable, generates a magnetic field (

), which can be measured with SIPB tool 214 in well No. 2 (see US Pat. No. 5,485,089, RE 36,569, article A. Kuckes et al. "New Electromagnetic Ranging / Surveying Method for Drilling Parallel Horizontal Twin Wells", SPE Drilling and Completion, June 1966, p. 85-90). The tool 202, lowered into the well on a cable, contains a large solenoid that forms a magnetic field with a known (predetermined) intensity and with a known (predetermined) field distribution. Slotted tubing and casing liner have an effect on the magnetic field, but can be eliminated by calibrating the solenoid inside the tubing and casing of the same size on the surface. The magnitude of the measured magnetic field indicates the distance between the two wells 102, 104, and the direction of the magnetic field indicates their relative positions.

Now, referring to FIG. 3, in the second method, strong permanent magnets are installed in well No. 2 104 in the sub 312 located near the borehole adapter, while the tool 302, lowered into the well on a cable, contains magnetometers (see patent US No. 5,589,775, article TL Grills et al. "Magnetic ranging Technologies For Drilling Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage Well Pairs and Unique Well geometries - A Comparison of Technologies", SPE paper 79005, Nov. 4-7, 2002). Permanent magnets rotate with the super-bore adapter, thus creating a rotating magnetic field. When the super-adapter passes by the magnetometers 302, lowered into the well on the cable, the rotating magnets 312 create an oscillating magnetic field inside the tubing. The distance between the wells 102, 104 is obtained from a change in the magnetic field using the measured depth at which the bore adapter is located. This approach has the disadvantage that the magnetic sub located near the borehole adapter is located between the diverting sub and the borehole adapter, which reduces the system’s ability to adjust the direction of the well.

Other methods were proposed, but they were not approved when drilling wells developed in the GROGPP (SAGD) mode.

Single Wire Guidance ™ System (See US Patent No. 5,074,365, Collision Avoidance Using a Single Wire Magnetic Ranging Technique at Milne Point, Alaska, CR Mallary et al, IADC / SPE paper 39389, March 3-6, 1998) contains a wire 402 that serves as a carrier of electric current (I) to the “toe” of well No. 1 102, while the wire 402 is grounded to the casing 404 (Figure 4). Most of the electric current returns to the surface through casing 404 and tubing 406; however, at each foot along their length, a very small amount of current flows into the formation 200. The leakage current varies from one foot of the length to another foot of the length depending on the properties of the casing, cement and formation resistivity. In the general case, the reverse current through the casing and tubing can be written as I '(z), where z is the measured depth. The total current along well No. 1 102 is equal to I-I '(z) . The total current is small, variable, and is not well known. The total current creates an azimuthal magnetic field around the wellbore, which can be approximately expressed as follows:

,

,

- радиус-вектор от провода до точки наблюдения,

- абсолютное значение вектора

,

- единичный вектор, указывающий направление от провода до точки наблюдения,

- единичный вектор, указывающий направление вдоль оси провода, а

Генри/м - магнитная проницаемость вакуума. Это магнитное поле может быть измерено посредством векторных магнитометров в инструменте 214 для СИПБ в скважине № 2 104. Направление на обсадную трубу может быть получено из трех ортогональных компонент магнитного поля. Однако расстояние до обсаженной скважины не может быть определено без точного значения тока утечки в зависимости от глубины, и отсутствует легкий способ получения I'(z).Where

- radius vector from the wire to the observation point,

is the absolute value of the vector

,

- a unit vector indicating the direction from the wire to the observation point,

- a unit vector indicating the direction along the axis of the wire, and

Henry / m - magnetic permeability of vacuum. This magnetic field can be measured by means of vector magnetometers in the SIPB tool 214 in well No. 2 104. The direction to the casing can be obtained from three orthogonal components of the magnetic field. However, the distance to the cased hole cannot be determined without the exact value of the leakage current depending on the depth, and there is no easy way to obtain I '(z) .

The passive magnetic ranging method comprises the step of inserting permanent magnets inside a steel casing. Permanent magnets are alternately magnetized as north-south (N-S) and south-north (S-N) to create a recognizable magnetic field distribution (US Pat. No. 6,991,045). The magnetic field is measured by magnetometers for SIPB, and this information is used to adjust the direction of well No. 2. After that, the permanent magnets must be removed from the cased well.

These two standard methods of magnetic ranging, which require a tool lowered into a well on a cable, in a cased well, are ineffective. Since the well is horizontal, the tool lowered into the well on the cable must be gradually pushed to the “nose” of the well as well No. 2 is drilled. This requires that well No. 1 be equipped with equipment for directly moving the tool being lowered into the well on the cable by means of a drill pipe, or by mud pumps to lower it by pumping, or by flexible tubing of small diameter to push it down or by pulling it into a well on a cable device for removing it. All these methods are expensive and require additional equipment at the drilling site, designed only to move the tool, lowered into the well on the cable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 shows a pair of parallel wells, developed in the mode GROPP (SAGD) (prior art).

Figure 2 shows the tool, lowered into the well on a cable, placed inside the tubing of well No. 1 (prior art).

Figure 3 shows the BHA with the presence of strong permanent magnets installed in the sub located near the overhead adapter in well No. 2, and the tool lowered into the well on a cable, which is located in well No. 1, contains magnetometers (prior art).

Figure 4 shows a system in which the flow of electric current in the well No. 1 (prior art).

FIG. 5 shows a first embodiment of a magnetic distance determination tool constructed in accordance with the disclosure of the present invention.

Figure 6 shows a portion of the magnetic tool for determining the distance from Figure 5 with the assembly of the solenoid equipped with a turbogenerator.

FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of a magnetic distance determination tool constructed in accordance with the disclosure of the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows a third embodiment of a magnetic distance determination tool constructed in accordance with the disclosure of the present invention.

Figure 9 shows a picture of the distribution of electric current for BHA with the presence of a magnetic distance determination tool from Figure 8 when drilling a well with a conductive drilling fluid based on water.

10 is a flowchart for a first method.

11 is a flowchart for a second method.

12 is a flowchart for a third method.

On Fig shows the relative orientation of the two wells.

On Fig shows the relative distance between the two wells and their relative position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Disclosure of the essence of the present invention relates to a method for drilling two or more essentially parallel wells shown in Fig.1 (respectively, wells 102 and 104). The methods of the present invention, the essence of which is disclosed here, can provide an increase in the efficiency of the drilling process by reducing the time during which the drilling rigs do not drill, or by eliminating the need for additional equipment that is used exclusively to move the tool lowered into the well on a cable, in a cased hole.

One of the areas of application is wells developed in the GROPP mode (gravity development mode with steam treatment of the formation), which is used to produce heavy oil, for example, those located in Canada. Western Canada has 2.6 trillion barrels of oil reserves. The daily production using the Group is approximately 1 million barrels of oil. In the GROPP method, two horizontal wells parallel to each other are drilled, and the distance between them is usually 5 meters. These wells typically have a horizontal length of one kilometer or more. Maintaining the desired distance between the wells within 1 meter at such a distance is a very difficult task and goes beyond the scope of standard measurements of direction and angle of inclination for SIPB.

For efficient oil production in applications using GIPPP, it is necessary to ensure a small allowable deviation of the parameters in the space between these two wells. Steam is injected into the upper horizontal well, and it heats the heavy oil, making it less viscous. Then the hot oil flows into the lower well and is pumped to the surface. Maintaining the exact distance between two horizontal wells while maintaining the parallelism of the two wells relative to each other, and the appropriate location of the upper well above the lower well, are very important factors for obtaining high well productivity. Two wells, developed in the GIPP mode, which are located appropriately, can provide production of up to 60% of the oil contained in the reservoir. Russia and Venezuela have heavy oil deposits, the volume of which in each of these countries exceeds one trillion barrels, and the United States has heavy oil deposits, the volume of which exceeds 200 billion barrels. Wells being developed in the GROPP mode can be the most cost-effective means of extracting these huge resources.

The disclosure of the essence of the present invention describes the drilling and completion of two or more wells, performed almost simultaneously, which therefore reduces the drilling time by about half when using the second drilling rig to install the tool, lowered into the well on a cable, in the appropriate position in the cased well. If at present, flexible tubing, small diameter pipes, pumps, or a drawing device are used to install a tool lowered into a well on a cable into an appropriate position, then they are no longer required. The method provides adjustment of the direction of well No. 2 parallel to well No. 1 while drilling these two wells. In addition, the simultaneous operation of two drilling rigs can lead to operational efficiency of the wells, since personnel and supply sources can be shared for two drilling rigs.

The key problem solved in the disclosure of the essence of the present invention is how to position well No. 2 relative to well No. 1 while drilling both wells. One solution is to use magnetic means to determine the distance between the two bottom hole assemblies (BHA) during drilling. One BHA may contain a magnetic field source, and the other BHA contains magnetometers designed to detect a magnetic field. Well No. 1 is drilled relative to the geology of the formation, and it is ahead of the well No. 2 by a small distance (usually 10-100 m). For example, distances of approximately 10 m, 20 m, or 30 m are appropriate, since they correspond to one, two, or three drill pipe candles. Well No. 2 is drilled parallel to the first well using magnetic ranging.

Although the terms “first” well and “second” well usually refer here, respectively, to a lower productive well that is completed first, and to an upstream non-productive well that completes second in order, the disclosure may also the interchangeable terms "well A" and "well B", used only for reference, to distinguish between a well in which magnetic field generation is performed and a well in which a measurement is made, shall be used s magnetic field.

One embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 5. Well No. 1 102 is equipped with a BHA 510, consisting of a drill head 511, a rotary engine or rotary rotary drilling system 512, SIPB tool 513, designed for telemetry and for measuring the direction and angle of inclination, possibly a logging device for logging while drilling, UHF (LWD) (which is not shown in the drawing), designed to measure the properties of the formation, and the solenoid 515 located in the collar of the drill. The source of electricity for the solenoid 515 can serve as batteries or a turbine driven by a drilling fluid. The solenoid 515 can be installed in the mandrel assembly inside the drill collar, as shown in FIG. 6, or can be wound around the outside of the drill collar. With reference to FIG. 6, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, drill collar 601 is non-magnetic to allow easier passage of magnetic fields generated by solenoid 515 through drill collar wall 601. Solenoid 515 consists of a magnetic core with a very high magnetic permeability, for example, mu metal, with coils wound around the core. The solenoid 515 may be enclosed within a non-magnetic housing 603 withstanding high pressure. An annular channel 605 located between the high-pressure casing 603 and the drill collar 601 provides a chute for the drilling fluid. The pressure and power electronics 607 are also contained within the high-pressure casing 603. The turbine 609, driven by the drilling fluid, can provide up to several kilowatts of power to drive the solenoid. The telemetry line with the SIPB tool 513 in the BHA 510 provides a means of transmitting data and commands between the solenoid and the SIPB tool 513, which can also receive commands from the surface in a downlink.

In embodiments in which the solenoid 515 is wound around the outside of the drill collar 601, in a preferred embodiment, the solenoid is slightly recessed for mechanical protection. In addition, to enhance the magnetic field, the drill collar can be made of magnetic material.

And again with reference to Figure 5, BHA No. 2 520 (located in well No. 2 104) contains a drill head 521, a rotary engine or rotary rotary drilling system 522, a SIPB tool 523 for telemetry and for measuring direction and angle , and, possibly, a logging device for logging while drilling (CVB) (not shown), designed to measure the properties of the formation. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 5, BHA No. 2,520 preferably comprises a triaxial magnetometer, which may be located in the SIPB tool 523 or in another sub.

Now a detailed explanation will be given of the method of drilling two wells 102, 104. First, well No. 1 102 is drilled according to the geological structure of the section, and in direction and angle, it is ahead of well No. 2 104. (In an alternative embodiment of the invention, well No. 1 102 may be an injection well; their order is not essential to discuss the disclosure of the essence of the present invention.) Data from BHA No. 510 is transmitted to the surface, interpreted, and if necessary, the drilling master adjusts the trajectory of well No. 1 102 by transmitting commands to the rotary drilling system 522 or by orienting the rotary engine. Well No. 2 104 is drilled simultaneously with well No. 1 102, and its magnetometers are located close to the solenoid 515 in BHA No. 1 102. When the distance between the solenoid 515 and tool No. 1 513 for SIPB is sufficiently large, the magnetic field generated by the solenoid 515, will not affect the magnetometers in the SIPB tool 513. If these two devices are in close proximity, the solenoid 515 must be turned off when reading the magnetometer measuring the Earth's magnetic field. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, a gyroscope may be used in the SIPB tool 513 to obtain azimuth direction data.

The following is a description of an example of operation and data collection with reference to FIGS. 5 and 10. The following description contains operations that may be optional, redundant, or may be performed by many parties. Typically, many companies carry out various maintenance work on the same rig. Thus, it is understood that the methods are limited only by the attached claims.

The method may include the operation of stopping the drilling process and stopping the rotation of each BHA 510, 520 (operation 1002). The process can be stopped at a time when it becomes important that the wells 102, 104 are drilled at the exact location. The method may also be iterative, and operation 1002 may represent the start of an iteration.

The method may include an operation for measuring the direction and angle of inclination for each BHA 510, 520 (operation 1004). In some embodiments of the invention, such measurements can be made using standard means of measuring the direction and angle ("D&I") located in each BHA 510, 520. For example, the direction can be measured by magnetometers that use the Earth’s magnetic field as a reference, and the angle of inclination can be measured by accelerometers, which use the direction of gravity as a reference. Although it is convenient and appropriate to measure the direction and angle of both BHAs, this method can also be applied to measure the direction and angle of only one BHA, which is preferably the direction and angle of the first BHA 510. Since the relative position of the second BHA 520 obtained from the results of magnetic field measurements, then measuring the direction and angle of the second BHA 520 is not necessary.

The method may include the operation of turning on the mud pumps in well No. 1 102 and actuating the solenoid 515 in BHA No. 1 510 (operation 1006). Mud pumps can be used for a water-pulse communication channel, but this is not necessary, and in some examples that use other types of telemetry (for example, a drill pipe with a wired communication channel, electromagnetic pulses), mud pumps may not be used.

The method may include the operation of measuring the magnetic field from the solenoid 515 with magnetometers in well No. 2 104 while measuring the current in the solenoid 515 (operation 1008). In some embodiments, the current in the solenoid 515 is reversed completely to remove the contribution from the Earth’s magnetic field from the data. The operations of measuring electric current and magnetic field are shown here for convenience as a single operation; alternatively, these measurements can be performed separately.

The method may include the operation of transmitting measurement results from each BHA 510, 520 to the surface (this operation is not shown in FIG. 10). Sliding BHA along the wellbore would result in measurements at several measured depths.

The method may include an operation for analyzing data obtained from BHA No. 1,510 to determine the position of BHA No. 1,510 relative to the geological structure (operation 1010). In some embodiments of the invention, this data contains data on the evaluation of the parameters of the reservoir collected by other logging devices for logging while drilling (CVB) located in BHA No. 1,510.

The method may include the operation of planning the direction and angle to drill the next section of well No. 1 102 (operation 1012). In some embodiments, the plan for the first BHA No. 1,510 is based on the need or desire to maintain a specific position of the well 102 relative to the boundaries of the formation or other geological objects.

The method may include an operation for analyzing data obtained from BHA No. 2 520 to determine its position and direction relative to BHA No. 1 510 (operation 1014). Use the same analysis as in the case when the solenoid 515 is located inside the cased hole, which is known to ordinary specialists in this field of technology.

The method may include the operation of planning the direction and angle for drilling the next section of well No. 2 104 to maintain parallelism of well No. 2 104 relative to well No. 1 102 (operation 1016). This is done based on the planned trajectory of well No. 1 102 and the position of well No. 2 104 relative to well No. 1 102. This operation may also allow for errors in the positioning of well No. 2 104 to be taken into account. Thus, by planning the direction and angle of inclination of well No. 2 can be the wrong location of well No. 2 was compensated, and the planned trajectory of well No. 1 102 can also be adjusted.

The method may comprise resuming drilling in both wells 102, 104 (operation 1018).

A second example is illustrated in FIG. BHA No. 1 710 consists of a drill head 711, a rotary engine, or rotary rotary drilling system 712, an SIPB tool 713 intended for telemetry and for measuring the direction and angle of inclination, possibly a logging device for logging while drilling (CVB) (which not shown), intended for measuring the properties of the formation, and at least one single-axis magnetometer 715 located along the axis of the BHA. In some embodiments, a triaxial magnetometer may also be useful.

BHA No. 2 720 contains a drill head 721, a permanent magnet sub 725, a rotary engine or rotary rotary drilling system 722, and an SIPB tool 723 for telemetry and for measuring the angle of inclination and direction. Permanent magnets 725 can be installed in the super-drift sub located near the drill head. BHA No. 1 710 is ahead of BHA No. 2 720, so the 725 permanent magnets in BHA No. 2 720 are located in close proximity to single-axis magnetometers in BHA No. 1 710 or slightly ahead of this point.

7 and 11 show an illustrative example of the sequence of operations and data collection. The following description contains operations that may be optional, redundant, or may be performed by many parties. Typically, many companies carry out various maintenance work on the same rig. Thus, it is understood that the methods are limited only by the attached claims.

The method may include the operation of stopping the drilling process and stopping the rotation of each BHA 710, 720 (operation 1102). The drilling / rotation process can be stopped at a time when it becomes important that the wells 102, 104 are drilled at the exact location. The method may also be iterative, and operation 1102 may represent the beginning of an iteration.

The method may include an operation for measuring the direction and angle of inclination for BHA No. 1 710 (operation 1104). In some embodiments of the invention, such measurements can be made using standard means of measuring direction and angle ("D&I") located in BHA 710.

The method may include the operation of rotating permanent magnets in BHA No. 2 720 with a sliding movement of BHA No. 2 720 (operation 1106) and the operation of measuring the magnetic field in BHA No. 1 710 depending on the measured depth of BHA No. 2 720 (operation 1108). BHA No. 2 720 preferably slides a little further than the distance between the wells, in front of and behind the magnetometers in BHA No. 1,710. Changing the magnetic field depending on the measured depth determines the distance between the wells.

The method may include the operation of measuring the direction and angle of inclination in BHA No. 2 720 during sliding of BHA No. 2 720 (operation 1110). In another example, the direction and angle of the BHA No. 2 720 can be measured at a time when the BHA No. 2 720 is stationary, although this may increase the time of this process.

The method may include the operation of transmitting measurement results from each BHA 710, 720 to the surface (this operation is not shown in FIG. 11).

The method may include an operation for analyzing data obtained from BHA No. 1 710 to determine the position of BHA No. 1 710 relative to the geological structure (operation 1112). In some embodiments of the invention, this determination is made based on data obtained from well logging while drilling (HAL), which are contained in BHA 710.

The method may include the operation of planning the direction and angle for drilling the next section of the wellbore 102 (operation 1114). In some embodiments, the plan for BHA No. 1 710 is based on the need or desire to maintain a specific position of the well 102 relative to the boundaries of the formation or other geological objects.

The method may include an operation for analyzing data obtained from BHA No. 2720 to determine its position and direction relative to BHA No. 1 710 (operation 1116). Use the same analysis as in the case when the magnetometer is located inside the cased hole, which is known to ordinary specialists in this field of technology.

The method may include the operation of planning the direction and angle for drilling the next section of well No. 2 104 to maintain parallelism of well No. 2 104 relative to well No. 1 102 (operation 1118). This is done based on the planned trajectory of well No. 1 102 and the position of well No. 2 104 relative to well No. 1 102. This operation may also allow for errors in the positioning of well No. 2 104 to be taken into account. Thus, by planning the direction and angle of inclination of well No. 2 can be the wrong location of well No. 2 was compensated, and the planned trajectory of well No. 1 102 can also be adjusted.

The method may comprise resuming drilling in both wells 102, 104 (operation 1120).

In an alternative embodiment, the method may include the following operations: BHA No. 2 720 is held stationary, and BHA No. 1 710 is moved by sliding backward, while measuring the magnetic field created by the rotating magnets 725 with a magnetometer 715. BHA No. 2 is moved a distance approximately equal to twice the distance between well No. 1 102 and well No. 2. Other operations of the method are similar to those operations, a brief description of which was given above.

A third example is shown in FIG. BHA No. 1 810 consists of a drill head 811, a rotary engine or rotary rotary drilling system 812, an SIPB tool 813 intended for telemetry and for measuring the direction and inclination angle of, possibly, a logging device 814 for logging while drilling (CVB), designed to measure the properties of the formation and the collar of the drill 815, equipped with an isolated gap and capable of transmitting electric current through the gap. An SIPB electromagnetic telemetry tool, such as an E-Pulse ™ device, can provide telemetry, direction and angle measurements (see US Pat. No. 7,080,699), and can also provide an isolated gap 815 to form the magnetic field used to measure distance magnetic means. The resistance logging device 814 for logging while drilling (CVB) in BHA No. 1 810 is suitable not only for the downhole monitoring and control system of drilling parameters, but also for the method of determining the distance by magnetic means, which is described below. For example, a device of the Periscope15 ™ type would help ensure proper location of well No. 1 102 relative to the layers of the formation, while measuring the resistivity of the formation around well No. 1 102. BHA No. 2 820 contains a drill head 821, a rotary motor or rotary drilling system 822, a tool 823 for SIPB, designed for telemetry and for measuring the direction and angle, and at least one triaxial magnetometer, which can be located in the tool 823 for SIPB.

As before, well No. 1 102 is drilled according to the geological structure of the section, and well No. 2 104 is drilled in such a way as to maintain a specific direction and a specific distance from well No. 1 102. BHA No. 2 820 is slightly behind the BHA No. 1 810, therefore a triaxial magnetometer is located near the cuff of the insulated gap in BHA No. 1 810.

They create an electric current ( I (0)) of known amplitude, frequency and phase passing through an isolated gap in BHA No. 1. An instrument for SIPB, for example an instrument of the E-Pulse ™ type, can generate an electric current of 17 A in the frequency range from less than 1 Hz to approximately 50 Hz. An E-Pulse ™ type SIPB tool can also measure the current in an isolated gap and the voltage in the gap, thereby determining the average resistivity along the length of the BHA.

When the wells 102, 104 are drilled with a water-based conductive drilling fluid, WBM, the electric current flows along the BHA 810 to the drill head and also flows radially from the drill collars into the formation (see Fig. 9). The axial current I (z) decreases approximately linearly with increasing distance from the isolated gap 815 and is almost zero at the end of the drill head 811. For example, in BHA No. 1 810 the electric current in the middle between the insulated gap 815 and the drill head 811 is approximately equal to I (0) / 2, where I (0) is the electric current in the isolated gap 815. The electric current in BHA No. 1 810 also decreases with increasing the distance above the insulated gap 815, but usually to a slower degree.

When a well is drilled with a non-conductive oil-based drilling fluid, BRNO (OBM), the electric current below the insulated clearance 815 remains approximately constant. Most of the current flows from the bottom BHA 810 through the end of the drill head 811, since the tight mechanical contact of the drill head with the formation, which is necessary for drilling, also provides electrical contact. Between the insulated gap 815 and the drill head 811, the BHA 810 has minimal electrical contact with the formation.

When drilling with BRVO or with BRNO, significant electric current flows along BHA No. 1 810. The change in this current with increasing distance from the insulated gap 815 can be easily estimated when the resistivity of the formation and the resistivity of the drilling fluid are known. In any case, the electric current in the insulated gap can be accurately measured, and this information is transmitted to the surface.

As in the Single Wire Guidance ™ system, the current I ( z ) creates an azimuthal magnetic field centered in BHA No. 1 810. When drilling with BRVO, the magnetic field is in the transverse plane of the insulated clearance 815 (that is, with z = 0) is given by the following expression:

,

,

- радиус-вектор от оси КНБК № 1 810 до точки наблюдения,

- абсолютное значение вектора

,

- единичный вектор, указывающий направление от оси КНБК № 1 810 до точки наблюдения,

- единичный вектор, указывающий направление вдоль оси КНБК № 1 810. Со ссылкой на Фиг.9, ток (I') возвращается через пласт внутри круга радиуса r, поэтому полный ток внутри круга равен [I(0)-I']. Грубое приближение состоит в том, что электрический ток течет по сферической траектории в пласте. Следовательно, ток на радиусе r вошел в пласт в точке z=r и возвратился в КНБК в точке z=-r. Если r является малым по сравнению с L (длина КНБК № 1 ниже зазора), то I'/I(0)~r/L. Например, когда L=60 м и r=5 м, то I'~0,08I(0), поэтому I' является малой поправкой. Более точный результат может быть получен из известной геометрической конфигурации КНБК и измеренных значений удельного сопротивления пласта и бурового раствора с использованием программы моделирования методом конечных элементов.Where

- radius vector from the axis of BHA No. 1 810 to the observation point,

is the absolute value of the vector

,

- a single vector indicating the direction from the axis of BHA No. 1 810 to the observation point,

- a unit vector indicating the direction along the BHA axis No. 1 810. With reference to Fig. 9, the current ( I ' ) returns through the formation inside a circle of radius r, so the total current inside the circle is [ I (0) - I' ]. A rough approximation is that an electric current flows along a spherical path in the formation. Consequently, a current of radius r entered the reservoir at the point z = r and returned to the BHA at the point z = -r . If r is small compared to L (BHA No. 1 is below the clearance), then I ' / I (0) ~ r / L. For example, when L = 60 m and r = 5 m, then I ' ~ 0.08 I (0), therefore I' is a small correction. A more accurate result can be obtained from the known geometric configuration of BHA and the measured values of the resistivity of the formation and drilling fluid using a finite element simulation program.

, измеренное в КНБК № 2 820, зависит от расстояния r между двумя скважинами, от относительного направления

от КНБК № 1 до КНБК № 2 и от относительной ориентации между двумя скважинами, то есть от угла между

и

, где

указывает направление вдоль оси КНБК № 2. Так как I(0) измерено в КНБК № 1 810, то может быть оценено значение I', и измерены три компоненты магнитного поля, относительная геометрическая зависимость между КНБК № 1 810 и КНБК № 2 820 может быть выведена после той же самой общей процедуры, которая подробно описана в заявке на патент США № 11/550839. Конкретный пример, иллюстрирующий то, каким образом определяют расстояние между двумя КНБК, относительное направление от КНБК № 1 810 до КНБК № 2 820 и относительную ориентацию между этими двумя КНБК, приведен ниже.When a triaxial magnetometer in BHA No. 2 820 is located close to a transverse plane containing an isolated gap, then the magnetic field

measured in BHA No. 2 820, depends on the distance r between two wells, on the relative direction

from BHA No. 1 to BHA No. 2 and from the relative orientation between two wells, that is, from the angle between

and

where

indicates the direction along the axis of BHA No. 2. Since I (0) is measured in BHA No. 1 810, the value of I ' can be estimated and three components of the magnetic field are measured, the relative geometric relationship between BHA No. 1 810 and BHA No. 2 820 can be deduced after the same general procedure, which is described in detail in US patent application No. 11/550839. A specific example illustrating how the distance between two BHAs is determined, the relative direction from BHA No. 1 810 to BHA No. 2 820, and the relative orientation between the two BHA, is given below.

An example of a sequence of operations and data collection is shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 12. The following description contains operations that may be optional, redundant or may be performed by many parties. Typically, many companies carry out various maintenance work on the same rig. Thus, it is understood that the methods are limited only by the attached claims.

The method may include the operation of stopping the drilling process and stopping the rotation of each BHA 810, 820 (operation 1202). The process can be stopped at a time when it becomes important that the wells 102, 104 are drilled at the exact location. The method may also be iterative, and operation 1202 may represent the start of another iteration.

The method may include the operation of installing a triaxial magnetometer in BHA No. 2 820 at a predetermined position in the plane of the insulated gap 815 (operation 1204). In some embodiments of the invention, such an installation operation at a predetermined position, in particular, comprises a sliding operation of BHA No. 2,820 until a triaxial magnetometer is installed in a predetermined position.

The method may include an operation for measuring the direction and angle of inclination for both BHAs 810, 820 (operation 1206). In some embodiments of the invention, such measurements can be performed using standard means of measuring the direction and angle of inclination ("D&I") located in the BHA 810, 820. Despite the fact that it is convenient and appropriate to measure the direction and angle of both BHA, this the method can also be applied when measuring the direction and angle of only one BHA, which are the direction and angle of the first BHA 810. Since the relative position of the second BHA 820 is obtained from the measurement results of the magnetic field, measuring the direction and angle of the second BHA 820 is not necessary.

The method may include the step of generating an electric current I (0) in the isolated gap 815 of the first BHA 810 and measuring the amplitude of the current I (0) (operation 1208). For convenience, the operations of generating electric current and measuring electric current are shown here as one operation; alternatively, such measurements may be performed separately.

The method may include the operation of measuring the resulting magnetic field with magnetometers in BHA No. 2 820 (operation 1210).

The method may include the operation of analyzing data obtained from BHA No. 1 810 to determine the position of BHA No. 1 810 relative to the geological structure (operation 1212). In some embodiments of the invention, this determination is made based on data obtained from logging tools for drilling while drilling (CVD), which are contained in BHA 810.

The method may include the operation of planning the direction and angle for drilling the next section of the wellbore 102 (operation 1214). In some embodiments, the plan for the first BHA 810 is based on the need or desire to maintain a specific position of well No. 1 102 relative to the boundaries of the formation or other geological objects.

The method may include an operation for analyzing data obtained from BHA No. 2 820 to determine the position and direction of BHA No. 2 820 relative to BHA No. 1 810 (operation 1216). This analysis operation may include the operation of using the results of measurements of the magnetic field generated by the electric current flowing from BHA No. 1 810. For example, to determine the position and direction of BHA No. 2 820 relative to BHA No. 1 810, magnetic field data obtained from BHA can be analyzed No. 2 820. Operation 1216 may comprise an amendment operation for the return return current I ′ . Use the same analysis as in the case when the magnetometer is located inside the cased hole, which is known to ordinary specialists in this field of technology.

The method may include the operation of planning the direction and angle for drilling the next section of well No. 2 104 to maintain parallelism of well No. 2 104 relative to well No. 1 102 (operation 1218). The plan can be based on the planned trajectory of well No. 1 102 and on the position of well No. 2 104 relative to well No. 1 102. Operation 1218 can also provide for accounting errors in positioning well No. 2 104. Thus, by planning the direction and angle of well No. 2 the wrong location of well No. 2 can be compensated, and the planned trajectory of well No. 1 102 can also be corrected.

The method may comprise resuming drilling in both wells 102, 104 (operation 1220).

There are many possible varieties of operations and applications. For example, an isolated gap may be located in BHA No. 2, and magnetometers may be located in BHA No. 1. It is not necessary that the magnetometer in BHA No. 2 820 be located in the transverse plane centered in an isolated gap 815. In drilling mud, in water basis (BRVO), the electric current I (z) in BHA No. 1 decreases with increasing distance z in a predictable way, so the magnetic field B (z) can be calculated from the following equation:

,

,

where the magnetometer in BHA No. 2 820 is located at a distance z from the transverse plane of the insulated gap 815. If the well is drilled with an oil-based insulating drilling mud (BRNO), then the magnetic field can be calculated from the following equation:

,

,

since the electric current in BHA No. 1 810 is constant between the insulated gap 815 and the drill head 811.

Alternatively, both BHA can contain isolated gaps and magnetometers so that each BHA can generate a magnetic field recorded by the other BHA. In addition, it is not mandatory that one BHA is actually ahead of the other BHA. Both drill heads can be at the same measured depth, while the relative locations and orientations of the wells are determined by magnetic ranging.

One or both wells can be drilled using flexible tubing of small diameter, rather than drilling rigs. Their drilling can also be carried out on casing, where the casing replaces the drill pipe. Measuring the magnetic field during drilling of both wells and removing the influence of rotation from the data provides continuous direction adjustment data for BHA No. 2. In BHA No. 1, methods for continuously determining the direction and angle of inclination can be used.

The methods described in FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 can be partially automated to reduce the amount of work performed by people. Computers can receive and process data from the well, perform calculations, including the distance and relative positions of the two BHAs, and perform most of the operations outlined in Figures 10, 11 and 12. A human operator would ensure that the BHA trajectory is correct No. 1 (operation 1012 in FIG. 10, operation 1114 in FIG. 11 and operation 1214 in FIG. 12), provided that BHA No. 1 is located in the formation accordingly. However, automation can be used to track and adjust the position of BHA No. 2 relative to the position of BHA No. 1. In particular, operations that include determining the position of BHA No. 2 and planning the well path of BHA No. 2 (operations 1014 and 1016 in FIG. 10, operations 1116 and 1118 in FIG. 11, and operations 1216 and 1218 in FIG. 12) can be performed by a computer in an automated mode. The human operator is drilling the first well 102, and the computer is drilling the second well. That is, the computer automatically adjusts the trajectory of the second well 104 so that it is located at a predetermined distance from the first well 102 and at a predetermined position relative to the first well 102. Thus, both wells can be drilled simultaneously.

The solenoid used in the first embodiment of the invention described herein may be a permanent magnet. In such an embodiment of the invention, the Earth’s magnetic field could be subtracted from the measurement results using data from the SIPB tool in BHA No. 1. The rotating magnets in the second embodiment described here may be short solenoids mounted perpendicular to the BHA axis, and they can be excited by electric currents. In such an embodiment of the invention, the drill collar does not have to rotate, the electric currents in these two solenoids can have a phase shift of 90 °, and they can be excited at a low frequency.

Another potential field of application of the magnetic distance measuring methods described herein is oil recovery from tar shale using a large number of parallel vertical wells while maintaining the exact distance between them. When using magnetic means to measure (determine) the distance between adjacent BHAs, drilling of such parallel vertical wells can be performed in pairs or even several of these wells can be drilled simultaneously.

Another potential area of application is the drilling of U-shaped wells. In this case, the desired result is the intersection of the shafts of two wells, which are drilled from opposite directions using two drilling rigs. In the area of small overlap, magnetic ranging or magnetic distance measurement between one BHA and the other BHA can be used to aim at the target and to drill two wells so that they intersect.

Magnetic ranging between two BHAs during drilling can also be used for non-parallel wells to determine their relative position (for example, maximum proximity). The mathematical model used to obtain the corresponding algorithms can have different levels of complexity. For example, a field from BHA No. 1 can be modeled as a linear electric dipole in a conducting medium. Alternatively, the model may be a numerical model that includes both BHA in explicit form, includes changes in formation resistivity, borehole resistivity, etc. The second well can be drilled automatically using a feedback signal obtained from the magnetic field generated by the BHA in the first well.

Now an example is presented of how to determine the geometric relationship between BHA No. 1 810 and BHA No. 2 820 for wells being developed in the gravity mode of development with steam treatment of the formation, GROGP (SAGD) (see Figure 1). Both wells are horizontal and usually have a length of 0.5-1.5 kilometers. Productive well 102 is typically the lower well being developed in the SAGD mode, and the injection well is usually the upper well 104 being developed in the SAGD mode. The lower well 102 should be located near the bottom of the heavy oil zone, that is, it should be located relative to the geological structure, while the upper well 104 should be located at a constant distance, which is usually 5 m from the lower well 102, and should be located directly above it. Therefore, they are also drilled relative to the geometrical configuration of the Earth (i.e., horizontally, and well 104 is located above well 102). The first well 102 contains BHA No. 1 810, which is 10 or more meters ahead of BHA No. 2 820 (see FIG. 8). BHA No. 810 contains a logging device for logging while drilling (CVB), for example, a device of the type PeriScope15 ™, designed so that the well 102 is located in an appropriate location relative to the oil zone with heavy oil, that is, relative to the geological structure.

- единичный вектор, направленный вдоль оси КНБК № 2 820 и указывающий направление к головке 821 бура. Система координат выбрана таким образом, что начало координат

расположено в магнитометре, находящемся в инструменте 823 для СИПБ. Единичный вектор

указывает направление вниз (направление силы тяжести). Направление

может быть определено по показаниям акселерометров в инструменте 823 для СИПБ, используемом для бурения второй скважины 104. Единичный вектор

направлен вдоль оси КНБК № 1 810 и указывает направление к головке 811 бура. Угол ϕ определяет относительную ориентацию этих двух скважин, а проекция

на плоскость (х,y,0) образует угол θ относительно оси х, где оба угла выражены в радианах. Для скважин, разрабатываемых в режиме ГРОПП (SAGD), для скважины 102 и скважины 104 допустимы лишь малые отклонения от их параллельности. Следовательно, допустимо лишь малое приближенное значение угла ϕ<<1. Угол θ может принимать значения в интервале между 0 и 2π радиан.13 shows the relative directions of the two wells and the angles associated with the relative orientation between the two wells. The coordinate system (x, y, z) is connected to the second well 104, where

- a single vector directed along the axis of BHA No. 2 820 and indicating the direction to the drill head 821. The coordinate system is selected so that the origin

located in the magnetometer located in the tool 823 for SIPB. Unit vector

indicates a downward direction (direction of gravity). Direction

can be determined from the readings of the accelerometers in the tool 823 for SIPB used to drill the second well 104. A single vector

directed along the axis of BHA No. 1 810 and indicates the direction to the drill head 811. The angle ϕ determines the relative orientation of these two wells, and the projection

onto the plane (x, y, 0) forms an angle θ about the x-axis tnositelno where both angles are expressed in radians. For wells developed in the SAGD mode, for well 102 and well 104 only small deviations from their parallelism are permissible. Therefore, only a small approximate value of the angle ϕ << 1 is permissible. The angle θ can take values between 0 and 2 π radians.

, также будет очень малым, то есть γ<<1. В этом примере радиус-вектор

указывает вектор от изолированного зазора 815 до магнитометра, расположенного в инструменте 823 для СИПБ,

. Расстояние между этими двумя КНБК равно

, а направление от КНБК № 1 к КНБК № 2 указывает вектор

, образующий угол γ относительно оси x.Assume that the isolated gap 815 in BHA No. 1 810 in the first well is located in the plane of the magnetometer 823, that is, at the point z = 0. In addition, BHA No. 1 810 should be located directly below BHA No. 2 820. However, as shown in FIG. 14, the axis of BHA No. 1 810 can intersect the z = 0 plane at the point ( x ₀ , y ₀ , 0). For wells being developed in the SAGD mode, the displacement y ₀ from the vertical should be much smaller than the distance x ₀ between the wells, or y ₀ << x ₀ . Therefore, the angle γ defined by

will also be very small, i.e., γ << 1. In this example, the radius vector

indicates a vector from an isolated gap 815 to a magnetometer located in the SIPB tool 823,

. The distance between these two BHA is

and the direction from BHA No. 1 to BHA No. 2 indicates the vector

forming the angle γ relative to the x axis.

The current I (0) flowing through the insulated gap 815 creates a magnetic field in the magnetometer 823, expressed as:

.

.

, которые могут быть измерены векторным магнитометром в инструменте 823 для СИПБ.There are three components of the magnetic field.

which can be measured by a vector magnetometer in SIPB tool 823.

For simplicity, the Earth’s magnetic field is neglected in the analysis described below and is assumed to be stationary. These restrictions may be waived. For example, an alternating current creates an alternating magnetic field, which can be separated from the static magnetic field of the Earth. In addition, if BHA No. 2,820 in the second well 104 rotates at a known frequency, then the magnetometer data can be converted from the coordinate system of a rotating tool into a fixed coordinate system associated with the Earth.

от КНБК № 1 до КНБК № 2, которое связано со смещением относительно вертикали (

), и относительной ориентации двух скважин θ и ϕ. Имеются четыре измеренных или известных величины: I(0),

,

и

, и четыре неизвестных величины, однако не все неизвестные могут быть определены по результатам измерений магнитного поля, выполненных на одной глубине.The task is to determine the following quantitative values for wells developed in the SAGD mode: distance r between two wells, directions

from BHA No. 1 to BHA No. 2 , which is associated with a vertical offset (

), and the relative orientation of the two wells θ and ϕ . There are four measured or known quantities: I (0),

,

and

, and four unknown quantities, but not all unknowns can be determined from magnetic field measurements taken at the same depth.

Assuming that the small-angle approximation is used, a triaxial magnetometer measures three field components that are given by approximating equations:

,

,и

,

,and

.

.

является наибольшей, то есть

и

. В идеальной ситуации y ₀ = 0, поэтому

= 0, и ϕ=0, поэтому

=0.Component

is the largest, i.e.

and

. In an ideal situation, y ₀ = 0, therefore

= 0, and ϕ = 0; therefore,

= 0.

These equations can be solved to obtain the necessary quantities. The relative distance between two wells is obtained from the expression:

,

,

и

, поскольку I(0),

и

являются измеренными. Относительное направление от КНБК № 2 до КНБК № 1 задано следующим выражением:Where

and

, since I (0),

and

are measured. The relative direction from BHA No. 2 to BHA No. 1 is given by the following expression:

.

.

Thus, according to the results of magnetic field measurements made at the same depth, the distance between two wells and their relative position were determined.

The relative orientation of the two wells can be determined from measurements taken at two depths. Suppose that the first measurement was carried out by a magnetometer 823 at the point z = 0, as before, which leads to obtaining data on the relative location of the isolated gap 815 at the point ( x ₀ , y ₀ , 0), as described in the previous paragraphs. Now suppose that both BHAs drill a further distance Δz along their paths, as a result of which the insulated gap 815 and magnetometer 823 are at a new depth. The magnetic field measurement is repeated in a new place, and similar calculations give new values for the x and y coordinates of the isolated gap 815 relative to the magnetometer 823, that is ( x ₁ , y ₁ , Δz). Since the line can be defined by two points ( x ₀ , y ₀ , 0) and ( x ₁ , y ₁ , Δz), we obtain the relative orientation of BHA No. 1 relative to BHA No. 2. The equations for the angles are as follows:

, и

, and

.

.

Thus, all desired values are obtained that describe the relative distance between BHA No. 1 and BHA No. 2, the direction from BHA No. 1 to BHA No. 2, and the relative orientation of BHA No. 1 and BHA No. 2.

Although the disclosure of the essence of the present invention has been described in relation to a limited number of embodiments of the invention, for specialists in the art who have benefited from this disclosure of the essence of the present invention, it is clear that other embodiments of the invention can be devised, not going beyond the scope of patent claims disclosed here is the essence of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of patent claims of the disclosure of the essence of the present invention is limited only by the attached claims.

Claims (71)

1. A method of drilling a first well and a second well, comprising the following operations:
carry out the formation of a magnetic field in the layout of the bottom of the drill string (BHA) located in well A;
measuring the magnetic field in the BHA located in well B; and determine the relative geometric location of the BHA located in well B and the BHA located in well A. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which the operation of determining the relative geometric location of the BHA located in well A and the BHA located in well B comprises at least one of the following operations:
determining the distance between the BHA located in well A and the BHA located in well B;
determine the direction from the BHA located in well A to the BHA located in well B; and
determine the relative orientation of the BHA located in well A relative to the BHA located in well B. 3. The method according to claim 1, in addition, containing the following operation:
measure the direction and angle of inclination for the BHA located in well A. 4. The method according to claim 1, containing the following additional operation:
measure the direction and angle of inclination for BHA located in well B. 5. The method according to claim 1, containing the following additional operation:
measure the direction and angle for the BHA located in well A, and measure the direction and angle for the BHA located in well B. 6. The method according to claim 1, containing the following additional operation:
determine the position of the BHA located in well A with respect to at least one of the following structures:
geological structure of the Earth and the geometric shape of the Earth. 7. The method according to claim 1, containing the following additional operation:
determine the position of the BHA located in well B with respect to at least one of the following structures:
geological structure of the Earth and the geometric shape of the Earth. 8. The method according to claim 1, in which well A contains a first, well located below, and well B contains a second well located above. 9. The method according to claim 1, in which the operation of forming a magnetic field in the BHA located in the well A, contains the following operation:
drive the solenoid located in the BHA located in well A. 10. The method according to claim 9, containing the following additional operation:
measure the amplitude of the current in the solenoid. 11. The method according to claim 9, containing the following additional operation:
measure the amplitude of the magnetic field in the BHA located in well B. 12. The method according to claim 9, containing the following additional operation:
measure the direction of the magnetic field in the BHA located in well B. 13. The method according to claim 9, containing the following additional operation:
reverse the direction of the current in the solenoid. 14. The method according to claim 1, in which the operation of forming a magnetic field in the BHA located in the well A, contains the following operation:
generate current in an isolated gap in the BHA located in well A. 15. The method according to 14, containing the following additional operation:
measure the amplitude of the current in an isolated gap in the BHA located in well A. 16. The method according to 14, containing the following additional operation:
measure the magnetic field in the BHA located in well B. 17. The method according to clause 16, in which the operation of measuring the magnetic field in the BHA located in the well, contains at least one of the following operations:
measure the amplitude of the magnetic field;
measure the direction of the magnetic field;
three orthogonal components of the magnetic field are measured. 18. The method according to 17, in which the operation of measuring three orthogonal components of the magnetic field contains the following operation: measure B _x , In _y and In _z . 19. The method according to 17, in which the magnetic field is measured by a magnetometer in the BHA located in well B. 20. The method according to clause 16, containing the following additional operation:
calculate the mutual geometric location of the BHA located in well A and the BHA located in well B. 21. The method according to claim 20, in which the generated magnetic field in the BHA located in well A is modeled using the following equation for a conductive water-based drilling fluid:

where I (0) represents the electric current flowing through the isolated gap, the term I 'represents the correction for the current flowing in the geological layer of the Earth, r is the distance between the BHA located in well A and the BHA located in well B,

- a single vector indicating the direction from the BHA located in well A to the BHA located in well B,

- a single vector indicating the direction along the BHA axis located in well A, and μ ₀ = 4π · 10 ^-7 Henry / m represents the magnetic permeability of free space. 22. The method according to item 21, containing the following additional operation:
calculate at least one of the following values:
the distance r between the BHA located in well A and the BHA located in well B; and
direction

from the BHA located in well A to the BHA located in well B. 23. The method according to item 21, containing the following additional operations:
measure the magnetic field at a second location and calculate the relative orientation of the BHA located in well A relative to the BHA located in well B. 24. The method according to claim 20, in which the generated magnetic field in the BHA located in well A is modeled using the following equation for a water-based drilling fluid:

where I (z) is the electric current flowing along the first BHA at a distance z from the isolated gap, member I 'is the correction for the current flowing in the geological layer of the Earth, r is the distance between the BHA located in well A, and the BHA, located in well B,

- a single vector indicating the direction from the BHA located in well A to the BHA located in well B,

- a single vector indicating the direction along the BHA axis located in well A, and μ ₀ = 4π · 10 ^-7 Henry / m represents the magnetic permeability of free space. 25. The method according to paragraph 24, containing the following additional operation:
calculate at least one of the following values:
the distance r between the BHA located in well A and the BHA located in well B; and
direction

from the BHA located in well A to the BHA located in well B. 26. The method according to paragraph 24, containing the following additional operations:
measure the magnetic field at a second location and calculate the relative orientation of the BHA located in well A relative to the BHA located in well B. 27. The method according to claim 20, in which the generated magnetic field in the BHA located in well A is modeled using the following equation for an oil-based insulating drilling fluid:

where I (z) is the electric current flowing through an isolated gap, r is the distance between the BHA located in well A, and the BHA located in well B,

- a single vector indicating the direction from the BHA located in well A to the BHA located in well B,

- a single vector indicating the direction along the BHA axis located in well A, and μ ₀ = 4π · 10 ^-7 Henry / m represents the magnetic permeability of free space. 28. The method according to item 27, containing the following additional operation:
calculate at least one of the following values:
the distance r between the BHA located in well A and the BHA located in well B; and
direction

from the BHA located in well A to the BHA located in well B. 29. The method according to item 27, containing the following additional operations:
measure the magnetic field at a second location and calculate the relative orientation of the BHA located in well A relative to the BHA located in well B. 30. The method according to claim 20, in which the generated magnetic field in the BHA located in well A is modeled using a finite element method simulation program. 31. The method according to claim 1, in which well B contains a first well located below, and well A contains a second well located above. 32. The method according to claim 1, in which the operation of forming a magnetic field in the BHA located in the well A, contains the following operation:
rotate one or more permanent magnets in the BHA located in well A. 33. The method according to claim 6, in which the position of the BHA located in well A is based on logging data while drilling. 34. The method according to claim 7, in which the position of the BHA located in well B is based on the logging data during drilling. 35. The method according to claim 1, further comprising stopping drilling. 36. The method according to claim 1, containing the following additional operation:
stop the rotation of the BHA located in well A and the BHA located in well B. 37. The method according to claim 1, containing the following additional operation:
resume drilling. 38. The method according to claim 1, containing the following additional operation:
resume the rotation of the BHA located in well A and the BHA located in well B. 39. The method according to claim 1, containing the following additional operation:
transmit the measurement results from the BHA located in well A and from the BHA located in well B to the surface. 40. The method according to claim 6, containing the following additional operation:
plan the direction and angle for drilling a further section of well A based on the specific position of the BHA located in well A. 41. The method according to claim 7, containing the following additional operation:
plan the direction and angle for drilling a further section of well B based on the specific position of the BHA located in well A. 42. The method according to claim 6, containing the following additional operation:
plan the direction and angle for drilling a further section of well B based on the specific position of well A and the plan for the direction and angle of well A. 43. The method according to claim 7, containing the following additional operation:
plan the direction and angle for drilling a further section of well A based on the specific position of well B and the plan for the direction and angle of well B. 44. The method according to claim 1, containing the following additional operation:
the position and trajectory of the BHA located in well B are automatically calculated relative to the position and trajectory of well A. 45. The method according to claim 1, in which the drilling of well A and well B is carried out essentially simultaneously. 46. A method of drilling two or more wells, comprising the following operations:
carry out the formation of a magnetic field in the layout of the bottom of the drill string (BHA) located in well A;
measuring the magnetic field in the BHA located in well B;
determine the mutual geometric location of the BHA located in well B and the BHA located in well A; and adjusting the planned trajectory for the BHA located in well A, and adjusting the planned trajectory for the BHA located in well B, so that the desired location of the two wells relative to each other is obtained. 47. The method according to item 46, containing the following additional operation:
measure the direction and angle of inclination for BHA located in well B. 48. The method according to item 46, containing the following additional operation:
measure the direction and angle of inclination for the BHA located in well A. 49. The method according to item 46, in which the operation of determining the relative geometric location of the BHA located in well B, and the BHA located in well A, contains the following operations:
determine the position of the BHA located in well A, relative to the geological structure of the Earth; and determine the position of the BHA located in well B, relative to the position of the BHA located in well A. 50. The method according to item 46, in which the operation of determining the relative geometric location of the BHA located in well B, and the BHA located in well A, contains the following operations:
determining the position of the BHA located in well A relative to the geometrical shape of the Earth; and determine the position of the BHA located in well B, relative to the position of the BHA located in well A. 51. The method according to item 46, in which the desired location of the two wells is a parallel arrangement. 52. The method according to item 46, in which the desired location of the two wells is the intersection of the U-shape. 53. The method according to item 46, in which the desired location of the two wells is their separation at a distance sufficient to avoid intersecting their trajectories. 54. The method according to item 46, in which the drilling of well A and well B is carried out essentially simultaneously. 55. A method of drilling two or more parallel wells, comprising the following operations:
measure the direction and angle of inclination for the layout of the bottom of the drill string (BHA) located in well A;
carry out the formation of a magnetic field in the BHA located in well A;
measuring the magnetic field in the BHA located in well B;
determine the position of the BHA located in well A with respect to at least one of the following structures:
the geological structure of the Earth and the geometric shape of the Earth;
determining the position of the BHA located in well B relative to the position of the BHA located in well A; and correcting the trajectory of well A and the trajectory of well B so that as a result a predetermined parallel arrangement of the two wells relative to each other is obtained. 56. A method for automated drilling of a second well relative to the first well at a predetermined distance and location, comprising the following operations:
measure the direction and angle of inclination for the layout of the bottom of the drill string (BHA) located in well A;
carry out the formation of a magnetic field in the BHA located in well A;
measuring the magnetic field in the BHA located in well B;
calculate the position of the BHA located in well B, relative to the position of the BHA located in well A;
Information on the relative positions of the BHA during the drilling of well A with manual control is transmitted through the feedback channel; and perform automated drilling of well B on the basis of information about the relative geometric location of the BHA transmitted through the feedback channel. 57. The method according to p, containing the following additional operation:
manually adjust the direction and angle for the BHA located in well A. 58. The method according to p, in which the operation of transmitting information about the relative positions of the BHA through the feedback channel contains the following operation: submit information about the relative position of the BHA located in the well B, relative to the position of the BHA located in the well A, in the automatic control device by drilling. 59. The method according to p, containing the following additional operation:
manually adjusting the direction and angle for the BHA located in well A is monitored, while automatically adjusting the direction and angle for the BHA located in well B to achieve the specified location of these two wells. 60. The method according to p, in which the predetermined location of the two wells is a parallel arrangement. 61. The method according to p, in which the predetermined location of the two wells is the intersection of a U-shaped. 62. The method according to p, in which the predetermined location of the two wells is their separation at a distance sufficient to avoid intersecting their trajectories. 63. The method of claim 56, wherein the drilling of well A and well B is performed substantially simultaneously. 64. A method for automated drilling of a second well relative to the first well at a predetermined distance and location, comprising the following operations:
measure the direction and angle of inclination for the layout of the bottom of the drill string (BHA) located in well B;
carry out the formation of a magnetic field in the BHA located in well A;
measuring the magnetic field in the BHA located in well B;
calculate the position of the BHA located in the well A, relative to the position of the BHA located in the well B;
Information on the relative positions of BHA during drilling of well B with manual control is transmitted through the feedback channel; and perform automated drilling of well A on the basis of information about the relative geometric location of the BHA transmitted through the feedback channel. 65. The method according to item 64, containing the following additional operation:
manually adjust the direction and angle for the BHA located in well B. 66. The method according to item 64, in which the operation of transmitting information about the relative geometric location of the BHA through the feedback channel contains the following operation: submit information about the relative position of the BHA located in the well B, relative to the position of the BHA located in the well A, into the automatic drilling control. 67. The method according to item 64, containing the following additional operation:
the manual adjustment of the planned trajectory for the BHA located in well B is monitored, while the automated adjustment of the direction and inclination for the BHA located in well A is achieved to achieve the specified location of these two wells. 68. The method of claim 64, wherein the predetermined arrangement of the two wells is a parallel arrangement. 69. The method according to item 64, in which the predetermined location of the two wells is the intersection of wellbores, forming a U-shaped well. 70. The method according to item 64, in which the predetermined location of the two wells is their separation at a distance sufficient to avoid intersecting their trajectories. 71. The method according to item 64, in which the drilling of well A and well B is carried out essentially simultaneously.

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