RU2436701C1 - Animal machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Proposed machine comprises cabin, fuel module, front suspended system, process equipment, frame and running gear with torsion springs for rollers and support guide wheels. Running gear supports engine with transmission coupled therewith via universal joint. Cabin and fuel module are mounted above running gear front contours, that is, RH and LG caterpillars, respectively. Fuel module consists of L-shaped bearing platform supporting fuel tanks.

EFFECT: improved design.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering, in particular to tracked special agricultural machinery for livestock.

Currently, a tractor or a special machine with a set of tools that work environmentally and cost-effectively in animal husbandry is not known.

A feature of the mechanization of livestock production is the predominance of precision work in the front technological zone of machines:

- loading bales and bulk feed in warehouses;

- removal of manure with waste, distribution of feed.

These works are carried out inside cramped farms with animals and staff for 6-7 months a year, twice a day at negative outside temperatures. Daily preparation and transportation of feed, clearing of access roads and farm yards from snow drifts and waste is carried out.

In the warm season, repairs and erection of dams on pastures, loading, transportation, manure on the fields, tillage, sowing fodder, grain crops, harvesting corn, root crops, and ramming are carried out.

Known modern caterpillar agricultural tractor T500 [1], having a fuel tank, consisting of 2 tanks installed along the engine and the radiator group, allowing aggregation with a bulldozer shovel for use in animal husbandry. However, the significant dimensions of the tractor, the small length of the technological platform behind the cab, the remoteness of the operator and the front track rollers of the undercarriage from the front mounted implements do not provide the necessary visibility, stability of the front aggregation, mobility and high economic efficiency in operation.

Also known is the TT-4M caterpillar tractor [2], which has an engine, a left-handed cab, a right-handed fuel tank and a 2/3 length free platform space for aggregation, advanced forward relative to the front track rollers of the undercarriage system. The lack of visibility on the starboard side and track edge, the considerable dimensions and weight of the tractor, the “rigidity” of the undercarriage, combined with the high cost of production, do not ensure the effective use of such a tractor with livestock equipment.

The closest is the T402A multi-purpose tractor [3] with a compact engine and transmission installation in the outline of the torsion suspension suspension vehicle, which has optimal power and overall dimensions and is used in a unit with a bulldozer in animal husbandry. Poor visibility of the front line of work, low levels of versatility of aggregation and environmental friendliness, a significant overall height of the cab - do not provide high load and economic efficiency of its application.

The main objective of the invention is to create a rational layout of the livestock machine, providing improved equipment aggregation, increased annual employment, economic efficiency and environmental friendliness.

The task is achieved by the fact that the cabin with the control station and the fuel module are installed above the front contours of the running system, respectively, of the right and left tracks, while the fuel module consists of an L-shaped power platform and tanks mounted on it.

Figure 1 shows the proposed livestock machine, right view; figure 2 is a front view along the cross section of DD in figure 3; figure 3 is a left view along C in figure 2.

The livestock breeding machine contains a frame 1, a running system 2 with individual torsion springs suspension of rollers and track wheels 3, rubber-reinforced tracks 4, a front mounted system 5, a cabin 6 with a control station 7, an engine 8, a transmission unit with drive wheels 9, a fuel module 10 , aggregated technological equipment in front 11 and top 12.

The livestock machine is arranged so that the engine 8, mounted in a frame space with a short cardan connection to the transmission unit 9, does not protrude beyond the front contour of the tracks 4 of the running system 2. The running system 2 is made with torsion suspension of the rollers and supporting guide wheels 3 covered rubber-reinforced tracks 4 with a 30% wider width compared to metal ones (3). This chassis solution provides the machine with optimal length and weight, asphalt paving, increased transport speeds, with izhenie damage floors farms, storehouses, roads and large capacity with an optimum average pressure mover on the soil.

Cabin 6 is made ergonomically minimal in height and width, with panoramic front glazing, single and single door. A cabin 6 with a control station 7 is installed above the lower part of the running system - the right tracked contour of the support-guide wheel 3 with a gap slightly exceeding its dynamic stroke.

The fuel module 10 is structurally designed and installed above the left tracked contour of the running system 2, taking into account the use of liquefied natural gas in tanks 13 and providing special conditions. The fuel module 10 consists of a L-shaped plate-shaped bent-welded platform 14 and fuel tanks 13 attached to it, a folding decorative panel 15 with a sealant for a tight fit to the platform. The vertical plane A of the platform 14 is located along the engine 8. It has an external heat-insulating coating and dimensions exceeding the height and length of the adjacent part of the engine casing. The lower plane B of the platform 14 has a width slightly exceeding the diameter of the fuel tank used.

The front hinged system (PNS) 5 of the livestock machine is designed for energy-intensive bulldozer and loading operations and consists of a transverse frame 16 connecting two pushing beams 17 pivotally mounted by the rear ends to the brackets of the frame 1. On the frame 16 there are locking devices for various schemes for mounting tools and cars. The rotation of the bars 17 and the bed 16 relative to the bars is carried out by hydraulic actuators 18 and 19.

The proposed installation is close to the mass of the volume of the cabin 6 and the fuel module 10 above the front contour of the right and left tracks 4 of the running system provides:

- lowered and approximate position of the cabin 6 with the control station 7 to the area of the front aggregation with improved visibility;

- the release of the site on the rear half of the chassis for the organization of the upper aggregation of overall equipment;

- redistribution of the mass of the machine more than 1200 kg from the rear half of the chassis to the front;

- transverse balance of the front of the machine.

In combination with this, the right-hand installation of cab 6 provides:

- improved visibility of the right edge of the bulldozer;

- increased accuracy of driving a machine (MA) in soil tillage along the right edge of the track or sight;

- increased safety for the operator when leaving the cab.

The proposed design and installation of the fuel module 10 provides for mounting on the platform 14 tanks 13 with fuel sufficient for 10-hour operation of the machine with an engine power of 160-180 hp In this case, the vertical plane A of the platform 14 shields the tanks 13 from the thermal radiation of the engine, and plane B performs mechanical protection from stones and metal objects brought by the caterpillar of the undercarriage. At the same time, the plane A of platform A, developed in dimensions, together with the adjacent engine casing provide passive safety to the operator in the cab in emergency situations.

The low placement of plane B of the platform with containers in combination with the hinged decorative panel 15 provides affordable maintenance and fueling of the fuel module.

The proposed fuel module with a platform provide, if necessary, the installation of a plastic container with diesel fuel.

The front mounted system 5, covering the machine with its bed 16 and the left beam 17, provides reliable protection of the fuel module in operation.

The aggregation of PNS 5 with a bulldozer shovel in combination with the right-handed installation of the cab 6 and control station 7 allows you to effectively perform manure removal, moving and backfilling of soil, crumbling of the silage mass. Aggregation of the PNS by the bucket 11 provides self-loading of the upper equipment 12 of the machine with bales of hay, grain mixtures, organic fertilizers.

According to the proposed layout of the cabin and the fuel module, the coordinate of the center of mass of the machine (CMM) is increased up to 90 mm relative to the previous coordinate of the CMM from the center of the bearing surface of the undercarriage system (TsOP). The obtained coordinates of the DTM of the machine chassis and the center of the site (CCP) of the upper aggregation relative to the DSP provide the installation on the chassis of equipment with technological material with a total weight of up to 3000 kg while simultaneously aggregating the PNS with a shovel or bucket.

The proposed top aggregation of the machine with livestock feed preparation equipment, a container with a manure spreader or a hopper with seed allows you to abandon the wheeled running systems of these units in a trailed design. This, ceteris paribus, leads to a decrease in the total mass of MA and, as a consequence, to a decrease in energy consumption for its movement. At the same time, with the top aggregation of the machine by the livestock bunker of the sowing complex and the towing of the cultivator seeder, the energy expenditures for a 2-fold decrease in the movement of the hopper and vertical deformation of the soil from the hopper with seed are saved.

The hopper becomes lighter and moves on a caterpillar track along an untreated stubble, and not on a wheeled chassis along a cultivated and sowed field.

The proposed livestock machine with top and front equipment aggregation provides:

- reduction of the cost of the whole set of equipment by 140-160 thousand rubles only due to the cancellation of wheeled running systems in a trailed design;

- a decrease in the mass of MA with the exception of negative soil compaction by wheel suspension systems and, as a result, an increase in productivity by 4-6%;

- increase in annual load by more than 40% in energy intensity of the work performed in comparison with the prototype (3), equipped only with a bulldozer;

- 9% reduction in fuel consumption per unit of treated area;

- reduction of the fleet of wheeled tractors with loading equipment by 1 unit;

- reduction of personnel by 1 unit.

The proposed top aggregation by machine equipment instead of trailed aggregation allows:

- reduce the kinematic length of the MA;

- improve maneuverability and safety;

- reduce time spent on turns, entry-exit from farms, heat loss;

- increase the utilization of shift time.

The increase in profit from the operation of a livestock machine, aggregated by a bulldozer shovel and a bucket in front and feed preparation equipment from above in comparison with the profit from the operation of a caterpillar tractor with a bulldozer (3) in combination with a wheeled tractor-loader with a trailed feed chopper, is more than 120 thousand rubles. depending on the number of animals served.

Installing a livestock fuel module on a machine using liquefied natural gas compared to diesel fuel reduces operating costs by 2.5-3 times. The 40% increase in the annual load of the machine, achieved by expanded aggregation, increases the gas fuel consumption and profit, which reduces the payback period and increases the overall economic efficiency. The estimated profit from the use of gas fuel with an annual operating time of 1800-1900 m \ hour by the machine is more than 160 tons. at current prices.

According to a comprehensive assessment, the increase in annual efficiency of a livestock machine with a basic set of equipment in comparison with the prototype [3] exceeds 400 tons.

The proposed application of a livestock machine with a fuel module using liquefied natural gas reduces the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases by 1.5-2 times and provides:

- increased labor safety, productivity of the operator, personnel;

- increase in animal productivity;

- yield cleaner products.

In General, the proposed layout of the livestock machine allows you to get in comparison with the prototype [3]:

- enhanced aggregation and increased maneuverability;

- increased economic efficiency of operation in livestock production;

- improved environmental performance.

Currently, working documentation is being developed for the manufacture of an experimental batch of machines, for testing and evaluating technical and economic performance indicators.

Information sources

1. Patent No. 2176205, SU, C2 B62D 55 \ 00 dated 09.02.99.

2. Prospect, crawler tractor TT-4M manufactured by Altai Tractor OJSC, Russia, 2007

3. Prospectus, multifunction tractor T402A manufactured by Altai Tractor OJSC, Russia, 2007

Claims (1)

A livestock machine containing a frame and a running system with individual torsion suspension of rollers and support wheels, the dimensions of which are equipped with an engine with a transmission adjacent to the cardan joint, as well as a cabin, fuel module, front mounted system and technological equipment, characterized in that the cabin and the fuel module are installed above the front contours of the running system of the right and left tracks, respectively, while the fuel module consists of an L-shaped power platform and tanks fixed on it.

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