RU2434327C1 - Coherent spaced diversity radio signal receiving and transmitting device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering. ^ SUBSTANCE: coherent spaced diversity radio signal receiving and transmitting device includes signal shaping and processing module the radio frequency output of which is connected to input of adder the appropriate outputs of which are connected to N controlled delay lines respectively, each of which is connected to its antenna; the appropriate control diagram input is connected to each controlled delay line; the first information input of control system is connected to the appropriate output of signal shaping and processing module; the second information input of control diagram is connected to the module for determining the object location, and N antennae are installed with the pitch which meets the condition where R - maximum range of coverage of the device, - radio signal wave length, L - maximum linear size of the area in which antennae are located, N - natural number that is bigger than or equal to four. ^ EFFECT: improving spatial selectivity of the device as to range of coverage. ^ 4 dwg

Description

This device relates to the field of radio engineering and can be used in radio communications.

The prior art device according to patent RU 2075832 C1. A method of spatial diversity receiving a signal from a radiation source transmitted over a multipath channel, and a device for its implementation (03/20/1997, Figovsky EA, Bakharev OD), containing N receiving antennas placed on a straight line oriented to the radiation source , at a distance from each other greater than the wavelength or a multiple thereof; N-1 blocks of coherent addition, one of the inputs of the i-th block of coherent addition (i = 1, ..., N-1) is connected to the output of the j-th receiving antenna element (j = 2, ..., N), and the other inputs of the blocks coherent addition connected to the output of the first receiving antenna; a coherent addition unit, N inputs of which are connected to N outputs of the receiving antennas; wherein each coherent addition unit comprises a controllable phase shifter and a control circuit; the optimal addition unit, made in the form of a majority weighting summation unit, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the coherent addition units.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the lack of spatial selection of radio signals in range.

The closest in technical essence to this invention is the device described in patent RU 2192094 C1. The method of coherent data transmission (10.27.2002, Garmonov A.V., Karpitsky Yu.E., Savinkov A.Yu.), where the transmitting side contains K branches of a diversity signal transmission K users, each branch of a diversity transmission of a user signal contains N predistortion blocks an information signal, a pilot signal generator, N adders, a correction unit, N transmit antennas and N receive antennas; the first inputs of the branches of the diversity transmission of the user signal are information inputs and form the inputs of the device, their second inputs are connected to the corresponding outputs of the correction unit; the outputs of the branches of the diversity transmission of the user signal are connected to the corresponding first inputs of N adders, the second inputs of the adders are connected to the corresponding outputs of the pilot signal generator; the output of each adder is connected to the input of the corresponding transmitting antenna; receiving antennas are connected to the inputs of the correction unit, the first inputs of the pre-emphasis blocks of the information signal in each branch of the diversity transmission of the user signal are combined to form the first input of this branch; the second inputs of the information signal predistortion blocks form the second inputs in each branch, and the outputs of the information signal predistortion blocks are the outputs of the corresponding branches of the diversity transmission of the user signal; the receiving side comprises a receiving antenna, a demodulator, an evaluation unit, a feedback unit, and a transmitting antenna; the receiving antenna is connected to the first input of the demodulator and the input of the evaluation unit, the first output of the evaluation unit is connected to the second input of the demodulator, the output of which is the output of the device, the second output of the evaluation unit is connected to the input of the feedback unit, the output of which is connected to the transmitting antenna.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the lack of spatial selection of radio signals in range.

The technical problem to be solved in the invention is to increase the spatial selectivity in range when transmitting and receiving radio signals.

The technical problem to be solved is in a coherent spatially diversity receiver and transmission of radio signals containing a signal generation and processing module, the radio frequency output of which is connected to the adder input, the corresponding outputs of which are connected to N controlled delay lines, respectively, each of which is connected to its antenna, to each the controlled delay line is connected to the corresponding input of the control circuit, the first information input of the control circuit is connected to the corresponding output of the module the formation and processing of the signal, it is achieved by the addition of a module for determining the location of the object connected to the second information input of the control circuit, and N antennas are installed in increments that satisfy the condition

where R is the maximum range of the device, λ is the wavelength of the radio signal, L is the maximum linear size of the region in which the antennas are located, N is a natural number greater than or equal to four.

Figure 1 shows a functional diagram of a device coherent spatially separated reception and transmission of radio signals.

Figure 2 shows a functional diagram of a controlled delay line.

Figure 3 shows the conditional layout of the antennas of the device.

Figure 4 shows the interference pattern of the field in the vicinity of the focus point formed by the device.

The claimed device shown in figure 1, consists of a module for generating and processing signal 1, adder 2, N controlled delay lines 3 ₁ ... 3 _N , N antennas 4 ₁ ... 4 _N , control circuit 5, module for determining the location of the object 6. Radio-frequency the output of the signal generation and processing module 1 is connected to the corresponding input of the adder 2, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the controlled delay lines 3 ₁ ... 3 _N, respectively, the outputs of which are connected to the antennas 4 ₁ ... 4 _N , and the control inputs of the controlled delay lines are connected the corresponding inputs of the control circuit 5 are connected, the corresponding information input of the signal generation and processing module 1 is connected to the first information output of the control circuit 5, the information output of the device for determining the location of the object 6 is connected to the second information input of the control unit, N antennas are installed in steps that satisfy the condition

where R is the maximum range of the device, λ is the wavelength of the radio signal, L is the maximum linear size of the region in which the antennas are located, N is a natural number greater than or equal to four.

обеспечивающей задержку сигнала в диапазоне [0; Λ], где Λ>>2π. Управляемая линия задержки 3_i,

состоит из коммутируемых линий задержки 7_m,

8_k,

и коммутаторов 9 и 10. Величина задержки коммутируемой линии задержки 7_m определяется выражением λ/2^m. Величина задержки коммутируемой линии задержки 8_k определяется выражением 2^(k-l)λ. Принципы построения управляемых линий задержки известны и описаны (см. Каганов В.И. СВЧ-полупроводниковые радиопередатчики. - М.: Радио и связь, 1981, с.74-79).Figure 2 shows a functional diagram of a controlled delay line 3 _i ,

providing a signal delay in the range [0; Λ], where Λ >> 2π. Controlled delay line 3 _i ,

consists of 7 _m switched delay lines,

8 _k

and switches 9 and 10. The delay value of the switched delay line 7 _m is determined by the expression λ / 2 ^m . The delay value of the switched delay line 8 _k is determined by the expression 2 ^(kl) λ. The principles for constructing controlled delay lines are known and described (see Kaganov V.I. Microwave Semiconductor Radio Transmitters. - M.: Radio and Communication, 1981, pp. 74-79).

The signal generation and processing module 1 is a transceiver module, supplemented by a digital signal generation and processing module. The principles for constructing such modules are known and described (see Active phased antenna arrays / Ed. By D.I. Voskresensky and A.I. Kanaschenkov. - M.: Radio Engineering, 2004, p. 18-31).

The adder 2 can be built on the basis of strip structures. The principles for constructing strip adders / power dividers are known and described (see Antennas and microwave devices. Designing phased antenna arrays / Ed. By D.I. Voskresensky, 2nd ed., Additional and revised. - M.: Radio and communications 1994, p. 297-308).

The control circuit 5 can be performed on the basis of FPGA. The principles for constructing such devices are known and described (see Designing digital devices based on XILINX FPGAs in CAD WebPACK ISE. - M .: Hot line - Telecom. 2003. - 624 p.).

The module for determining the location of the object 6 can be performed as a receiver of geographical coordinates from the object determined using GLONASS receivers with the transmission of certain coordinates of the object to the module for determining the location of the object. The principles for constructing such devices are known and described (see Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4. Doc 9816 ICAO).

The claimed device operates as follows.

Mode, radio transmission - transmission of a radio signal with the formation of maximum field energy in a given region of space.

Mode, radio reception - receiving a radio signal during the formation of the maximum field energy in a given region of space.

Mode, radio transmission. Suppose that using the device it is necessary to transmit a radio signal to an object located at a point with coordinates {x ₀ , y ₀ , z ₀ } of the local Cartesian coordinate system, as shown in Fig. 3. When considering the operation of the device, we determine that the number of antennas 4 ₁ ... 4 _N N = 32, the wavelength λ = 1 m, the range of the device R = l 00000 m. From the expression

define a step

Further, we assume that the antennas are equidistant from each other, then the linear size of the aggregate antenna system, consisting of antennas 4 ₁ ... 4 ₃₂ , is L = d · (N-1) ≥32.25 · (32-1) ≈1000 m.

The module for determining the location of the object 6 determines the geographical coordinates of the object and the height {B ₀ , L ₀ , H ₀ }, which in this case will be the coordinates of the focus point, and passes them to the control circuit 5.

The algorithm of the control circuit 5 is given in Appendix 1. The essence of the algorithm is to configure the controlled delay lines 3 ₁ ... 3 ₃₂ to ensure in-phase addition of the radio signals emitted by antennas 4 ₁ ... 4 ₃₂ at the focus point. After you configure the controlled delay lines, a radio signal is transmitted.

The signal from the radio frequency output of the signal conditioning and processing module 1 is fed to adder 2, which in this mode acts as a divider, and branches into N directions, in each of which the corresponding signal delay is performed using controlled delay lines 3 ₁ ... 3 ₃₂ , from the outputs of which the signals arrive at antennas 4 ₁ ... 4 ₃₂ and are emitted.

In this case, the set of spatially separated antennas 4 ₁ ... 4 ₃₂ can be considered as a highly rarefied antenna array (RAR).

Note that the Fresnel zone of such a PAP will be quite large. In the Fresnel zone, the field has a nonmonotonic character not only in direction but also in range, as shown in Fig. 4. The similar nature of the field distribution in the RAR Fresnel zone determines the advantages that can be achieved by the device of coherent spatially separated transmission and reception of the radio signal (Yu.E. Sedelnikov. Antenna arrays in the Fresnel zone: state of the theory and promising applications // Physics of Wave Processes and Radio Engineering Systems. 2007 T. 10 - No. 5. - S.15-16).

According to the calculations, in the system coverage area limited by the range R = 100000 m, it is possible to focus the electromagnetic field of the signal in the area limited by depth dimensions

[м]

[m]

, как показано на фиг.4.where R is the distance to the focus point; and width

as shown in FIG.

Moreover, the efficiency of such a device increases with increasing ratio Nη, where N is the number of PAP elements, η is the broadband coefficient of the emitted radio signal. If we evaluate the coefficient of directional action of the PAP on the surface of the sphere, at a finite range, then its level in the focusing area with respect to the level outside this area will be greater than about Nη / 2, where N is the number of PAP elements, η is the broadband coefficient of the radio signal.

Thus, for larger values of the ratio Nη due to the energy concentration in the region limited by the sizes

provides greater selectivity in range and direction.

Radio mode. Suppose that using the device it is necessary to receive a radio signal from an object located at a point with coordinates {x ₀ , y ₀ , z ₀ } of the local Cartesian coordinate system, as shown in FIG. 3. When considering the operation of the device, we determine that the number of antennas N = 32, the wavelength λ = 1 m, the range of the device R = 100000 m. From the expression

define a step

Further, we assume that the antennas are equidistant from each other, then the linear size of the aggregate antenna system, consisting of antennas 4 ₁ ... 4 ₃₂ , is L = d · (N-1) ≥32.25 · (32-1) ≈1000 m.

The module for determining the location of the object 6 determines the geographical coordinates of the object and the height {B ₀ , L ₀ , H ₀ }, which in this case will be the coordinates of the focus point, and passes them to the control circuit 5.

The algorithm of the control circuit 5 is given in Appendix 1. The essence of the algorithm is to configure the controlled delay lines 3 ₁ ... 3 ₃₂ to ensure in-phase addition of signals received by antennas 4 ₁ ... 4 ₃₂ from the focus point. After you configure the controlled delay lines, a radio signal is received.

The radio signals received by the antennas 4 ₁ ... 4 ₃₂ are received at the corresponding inputs of the controlled delay lines 3 ₁ ... 3 ₃₂ , where the difference in the delay times of the signals received by each of the antennas from the object is compensated. From the outputs of the controlled delay lines 3 ₁ ... 3 _{32, the} signals are fed to the corresponding inputs of the adder 2, where the received signals are summed, after which the resulting total signal is fed to the radio frequency input of the signal generation and processing module 1.

и по ширине

Given the provisions of the reciprocity of transmitting and receiving antennas, it can be argued that the properties described above for the mode - radio transmission, are completely inherent in the mode - radio reception. When receiving radio, the device also receives radio signals from the focus area, limited by depth dimensions

and in width

Thus, the proposed device in comparison with the prototype allows for spatial selectivity in range when transmitting and receiving radio signals.

Claims (1)

A coherent spatially diversity receiver and transmission device for radio signals, comprising a signal generation and processing module, the radio frequency output of which is connected to an adder input, the corresponding outputs of which are connected to N controlled delay lines, respectively, each of which is connected to its antenna, connected to each controlled delay line the corresponding input of the control circuit, the first information input of the control circuit is connected to the corresponding output of the signal generation and processing module ala, characterized in that an additional module for determining the location of the object is connected, connected to the second information input of the control circuit, and N antennas are installed in steps that satisfy the condition

where R is the maximum range of the device, λ is the wavelength of the radio signal, L is the maximum linear size of the region in which the antennas are located, N is a natural number greater than or equal to four.

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