RU2431105C1 - Sighting device and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: according to the first version the sighting device consisting of many hollow longitudinal channels or those filled with transparent material, which are guided at the target or parallel to each other, consists of two in-series located units of slot-type channels; at that, channels of various units are oriented at an angle towards each other and formed with plates. According to the second version, the sighting device consisting of many longitudinal channels filled with transparent material, which are guided at the target or parallel to each other consists of packs in-series located and at an angle to each other and consisting of longitudinally oriented alternating transparent and non-transparent plates. As per the second version, manufacturing method of sighting device consists in the fact that plates from transparent material, which are matte on one or both sides are coated on one or both sides with black matte coating; after that, they are bonded or welded into a pack; then, cut in transverse direction, and the obtained slot-type units are ground and bonded with optical adhesive at an angle to each other.

EFFECT: possibility of sighting as per two freedom degrees in real stereoscopic vision mode; simplification of the design.

6 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rapid-fire weapons from pistols to 30 mm guns. Currently, for machine guns, machine guns, submachine guns and pistols, sights are used, consisting of a front sight and an aiming bar with a slot, see TSB, Volume “P”, article “Sight”, p.247. These sights are very inconvenient for aiming, and are practically unsuitable for shooting at moving targets. The fact is that in order to aim at the target, it is necessary to horizontally and vertically set the aiming frame with a slit relative to the eye, put the front sight horizontally and vertically relative to the frame, and then, having caught their coincidence, put all weapons horizontally and vertically relative to the target. That is, when aiming with this sight, it is required to perform manipulations on six degrees of freedom. Moreover, the slightest change in the position of the weapon knocks down one of the previous settings, and you have to start all over again.

No better is a diopter sight, where instead of a slot there is a hole of the same size. It also has to simultaneously adjust all the same six parameters. The fact that these antediluvian sights are still used is explained only by the stagnant influence of obsolete traditions.

Compare the aiming with an optical, laser or television sight - there you need to perform an action in just two degrees of freedom: to the side and vertically. However, these sights also have drawbacks: in order to transfer the gaze from the target to the eyepiece or to the screen and to accommodate the vision, it takes two to three seconds. A laser sight without the use of optics is weakly visible already at 50 meters, it can be confused with the same sights of other shooters, it gives out the presence and intentions of the shooter and also requires power supply.

The objective of the invention is the elimination of most of these shortcomings, that is, the possibility of aiming in just two degrees of freedom in real stereoscopic vision, without closing the second eye, without looking from the detected target, without making eye accommodation and not posing as self, as well as simplifying the design.

For this, the facet principle of vision is used. A known sight, which consists of many empty or filled with transparent material longitudinal channels oriented to the target or in parallel, see US Pat. US 4850113 and GB 2056633. Theoretically, the channels should be tapering and directed their axes at one point. But in practice, given the small size of the sight compared to the target, the channels can be of constant cross section and parallel to each other.

It is impossible to get into the "top ten" from such a sight, but you can quickly get into the "six" - the "seven", moreover, a moving target. And in real combat, this is the main thing.

To eliminate parasitic reflections, glare in the channels should be prevented, for which they should be black and matte from the inside, for example, covered with black chrome.

It is technologically difficult to arrange the plates at an angle to each other, and even more so in the hexagonal order. It is easier to make blocks consisting of flat slots and to connect two such blocks in series at an angle, for example, mutually perpendicularly, that is, the sight consists of two successive blocks of slotted channels, the channels of different blocks being oriented at an angle to each other and formed by plates.

The ratio of the transverse size of the sight cell to its length determines the angle of the field of view. For example, through a facet sight with square cells of 0.2 × 0.2 mm and a length of 25 mm from a distance of 100 m, a square aiming field of 1.6 × 1.6 meters will be visible (approximately the figure of a person in height). And the rest of the field will be closed. To keep this space under observation, it is possible to make cells of two or even three sizes, that is, to make the distance between adjacent plates unstable. This will make it possible to obtain another, larger in size, survey field, somewhat darkened with respect to the small one. For example, 75% of the area of the sight (total area of the cells) is 0.2 × 0.2 mm in size, and 25% is 1 × 1 mm in size.

That is, if two blocks of flat slots are used, containing alternating five slits of 0.2 mm each and one slit 1 mm wide, then the sight will contain 25% of the area of 0.2 × 0.2 mm cells, 50% of the area of 0.2 cells × 1 mm and 25% of the area of cells measuring 1 × 1 mm. If you look through such a sight, the square 1.6 × 1.6 m will be visible practically without attenuation, and the square 8 × 8 m will be visible through darkened glasses, or rather through a sieve.

It is very important that the sight should be positioned at such a distance from the eye that the angle of view closed by the sight approximately coincides with the angle of view of the sight itself. That is, in this case, the sight measuring 40 × 40 mm with a visible square of 8 × 8 m visible through it should be located at a distance of 0.5 m from the eye.

Of course, the thinner the plate, the more light the sight passes through. High demands are placed on the straightness of the plates.

To minimize the thickness of the opaque part of the cross-section of the sight, you can use cells consisting of a transparent material with a black matte coating of minimum thickness, that is, the sight consists of two packets arranged in series and at an angle to each other, consisting of longitudinally oriented alternating transparent and opaque plates.

In this case, if the sight is made of channels of different sizes, the small visible field of the sight and the large field of view can be painted in different colors or one is painted, and the other is not.

For example, the field of view is tinted in orange, and the small field is completely transparent (for better shooting at dusk).

Since the sight is advantageously positioned at a distance of about 0.5 meters from the eye, to quickly find the desired position of the eye relative to the sight, the weapon in the back can additionally have a frame of the same shape and size (for example, 40 × 40 mm), located so that it is between the scope and the eye. It is enough to quickly look into this rather large frame, and the shooter will see the aiming field. Pointing the center of this field to the target, you can shoot.

Range correction is introduced by a corresponding change in the inclination of the sight. However, for short-term transfers of fire deep into the front, amendments can be made by changing the position of the target in the sight field, for example, by shifting down in the ratio 1/3: 2/3. The lead correction is conveniently entered also in accordance with the size of the aiming field.

For protection from the sun and damage, it is desirable that the scope and frame have a small visor.

For shooting at long distances, it is desirable to additionally have a simplified optical sight. Both sights can be located with a slight shift to the left and right of the axis of the weapon.

A sight from a transparent material can be made as follows: matte plates on one or both sides of a transparent material are coated on one or both sides with a black matte finish, then glued or welded into a bag, then cut across and the resulting slit blocks are ground and optically bonded glue at an angle to each other. If the black coating contains an electrically conductive component, then the plates are welded in a high-frequency field.

Figure 1 shows two slotted blocks: block 1 with vertical plates and block 2 with horizontal plates. Moving them together, we get a faceted sight. The direction of view is shown by the eye 3, and the view of the resulting cross-section of cells is shown in figure 2.

Figure 3 shows a view through such a sight, where: 4 - weapon, 5 - frame, 6 - sight.

The sight works like this: looking at the frame 5, the shooter sees the sight 6 and it has a large darkened field of view (shown by dashed hatching) and a small aiming square field - see figure 3. The weapon with the center of the square is aimed at the target and a queue is made.

The view through the scope, and, therefore, the result of the shooting does not depend on the position of the eye - if only the sight of the shooter passed through the frame. Thanks to this, a trained person can perform aiming on a moving target in just 1 second.

The use of a facet sight will significantly increase the combat effectiveness of our army, as well as the export potential of our small arms.

Claims (6)

1. The sight, consisting of many empty or filled with transparent material longitudinal channels oriented to the target or parallel to each other, characterized in that it consists of two consecutive blocks of slotted channels, and the channels of different blocks are oriented at an angle to each other and are formed by plates. 2. The sight according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between adjacent plates is unstable. 3. A sight, consisting of a plurality of longitudinal channels filled with transparent material, oriented to the target or parallel to each other, characterized in that it consists of two packets arranged sequentially and at an angle to each other, consisting of longitudinally oriented alternating transparent and opaque plates. 4. The sight according to claim 3, characterized in that the thickness of the transparent plates is different, and the plates of different thicknesses are painted in different colors, or some are painted, while others are not. 5. The method of manufacturing the sight according to claim 3, which consists in the fact that matte plates on one or both sides of a transparent material are coated on one or both sides with a black matte coating, after which they are glued or welded into a bag, then cut across, and the resulting slit blocks are ground and glued with optical glue at an angle to each other. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the black coating includes an electrically conductive component, and the plates are welded in a high-frequency field.

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