RU2430742C1 - Method of microorganism elimination from dielectric mediums and related device for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine. ^ SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to microorganism elimination from fluid or gas dielectric mediums. A method of microorganism elimination from dielectric mediums consists in the fact that said medium is passed through a current-conducting flat electrode system whereto DC high voltage ranging 5 to 25 kV is supplied pairwise. The electrodes are arranged with their surfaces facing each other at 2 to 6 mm, making thereby pairs of supplied negative and positive electrodes, and the first electrode from a side of medium feed is negative. A device for implementing said method comprises a cylindrical body at the ends of which there are covers with sleeve unions for dielectric medium supply and drainage and which integrates a electrode assembly detachable both from each other, and from the body by dielectric pads. The electrodes are connected pairwise to different poles of a DC high-voltage source ranging within 5 to 25 kV; and the negative electrode represents a slotted plate provided with pointed petals or needles, while the positive electrode represents a non-corrosive metal grid. ^ EFFECT: group of inventions provides microorganism elimination from fluid or gas dielectric mediums. ^ 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for cleaning dielectric media from microorganisms or to methods for destroying microorganisms.

Known methods for the destruction of microorganisms [1] by heating or cooling. It is required to heat the medium being cleaned, such as aviation fuel, to a temperature of about 100 ° C and withstand it for some time. And this is not safe. Cooling (freezing) to sufficiently low temperatures requires bulky and expensive equipment.

That is, the disadvantages of these methods of destruction of microorganisms is the great danger of their use in the purification of many dielectric media, in particular fuels and oils, or they are difficult to fulfill. It is also desirable to cleanse of microorganisms, destroying the last, dielectric fluids during their movement through the pipeline, for example when refueling aircraft.

A known method of destroying microorganisms [2], using bactericidal lamps emitting in the mercury spectrum.

The disadvantage of this method is that it kills microorganisms on the surface or in the air. Inside the volume of the liquid being cleaned, microbes are not killed.

A known method of destroying microorganisms using ultraviolet radiation, for example from quartz lamps [3].

The disadvantage of this method is that the microorganisms are destroyed again only on the surface, and inside a certain volume, including the dielectric fluid being cleaned, the microorganisms remain intact.

A known method of destroying microorganisms using ultrasonic vibrations [1]. However, the disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency in flowing fluid and the difficulty of forming a structure for this.

Good results on the destruction of microorganisms show methods of radiation [4], in particular x-ray, gamma radiation, etc.

However, these methods require large doses of radiation, which is dangerous for maintenance personnel. And the installation is quite bulky, with a high demand for energy.

A known method of destroying microorganisms using ultra-high frequencies [4].

The disadvantage of this method is its harmfulness to staff. Protection from this exposure is rather cumbersome.

In addition, microwave irradiation is strongly absorbed by the dielectric fluid being cleaned, which reduces its effectiveness or requires an increase in irradiation power.

Closest to the proposed method is the destruction of microorganisms [5] by irradiating them with optical radiation in a pulsed mode in an environment of an oxidizing agent, such as air.

The disadvantage of this method (prototype) is that the disinfection of the liquid medium occurs in the presence of an oxidizing agent, which is not always possible, and sometimes dangerous, for example, with regard to fuels.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages indicated in the above methods, including in the prototype.

An object of the invention is to develop a method for the destruction of microorganisms in dielectric media that move through a pipeline, for example, fuel refueling a tanker on an aircraft or any other equipment, as well as fuel in storage.

It is known [1] that microorganisms, directly consuming hydrocarbon (the main component of fuels) and acting on metabolic products, change the composition of oils, fuels, lubricants, worsening their physicochemical and operational properties. The rate of multiplication of microorganisms can reach tremendous values, while there is a rapid increase in microbial mass, and oil products become unsuitable. This phenomenon is especially dangerous during the operation of aircraft. Clogging of filters and fuel systems with microbial mass and metabolic products can lead to accidents due to engine shutdown and accidents during flight. Therefore, fuel and other petroleum products refueling on an aircraft must be cleaned of the microorganisms present in them.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that microorganisms, together with the liquid or gaseous dielectric medium in which they are located, are passed through a system of conductive flat electrodes, to which a constant high voltage in the range from 5 to 25 kV is applied in pairs, the first electrode being on the input side the medium being cleaned of microorganisms is negatively charged, the next electrode is positively charged, the third electrode is negatively charged, the fourth electrode is positively charged nym and so all of the electrodes and the electrodes themselves are arranged with their planes to each other at a distance of 2 to 6 mm from one another, depending on the voltage across the electrodes to form, when connecting the voltage, the pairs of negatively charged and positively charged electrodes.

Microorganisms move together with the dielectric medium. On the first pair of electrodes, only a part of microorganisms touches the first electrode and is charged with a negative charge, since a minus from the power source is connected to this electrode; it is repelled by it due to the fact that the electrode and these microorganisms will be charged with the same sign. Then, together with the liquid, they move further to the second electrode of the first pair, charged with a "plus", are attracted to it, because have a different sign of electric charge, touch this electrode. At this moment, a microdischarge occurs between this electrode and each microorganism, i.e. an instantaneous electric current flows through the microorganism, the magnitude of which depends on the magnitude of the electric charge received on the negative electrode, which, in turn, is associated with the voltage on this electrode: the higher the voltage, the greater the electric charge on the microorganism. When an electric current flows, heat is known to be released, as a result of which microorganisms, like living things, die. The claimed method is implemented in a device that includes a cylindrical body, on the ends of which there are covers with fittings for supplying and discharging the dielectric medium being cleaned from microorganisms and inside which there is a package of electrodes located at a distance of 2 to 6 mm from each other, depending on the voltage on the electrodes, separated from each other and from the housing by dielectric spacers, and the electrodes are connected in pairs to different poles of a constant high voltage electrical source Nia size from 5 to 25 kV: the first electrode is cleaned by the receipt of microorganisms medium is negatively charged, the electrode following it - a positively charged, a third electrode - a negatively charged, the fourth electrode - positively charged, and so all of the electrodes; the electrodes themselves are made as follows: the first electrode is a plate with slots, equipped with petals with pointed edges or needles, to concentrate electric charges on them, and the next electrode is made in the form of a non-corrosive metal mesh, and subsequent electrodes are pairwise made in the same way.

The first electrode, in the direction of movement of liquids (gases) cleaned from microorganisms, is negatively charged due to the fact that living organisms can only be charged negatively by placing electrons in them (on them), and not positively (tearing electrons from molecules of a living organism appears difficult, and often impossible task).

The second electrode will be positively charged. And then there will be an alternation of negatively and positively charged electrodes.

The positively charged electrodes are a non-corrosive metal mesh, for example stainless steel. When negatively charged, on the negative electrode, microorganisms during the movement of the liquid (gas) fall on the positive electrode, where they are instantly discharged and die. These electrodes can have any other shape.

New features that have significant differences in the method are:

1. The use of a constant electric high voltage for charging a negative charge of microorganisms and discharging them with an opposite charge. The voltage on the electrodes is from 5 to 25 kV.

2. The use of microdischarges (electric microcurrents) for the destruction of microorganisms.

The salient features of the device are:

- the presence of electrodes with slots and pointed petals or needles for the concentration of electric charges; - the presence of mesh electrodes;

- The relationship between the elements.

The use of new features ensures the achievement of the technical result of the invention, namely: the destruction of microorganisms in a moving dielectric medium.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 presents the proposed device. Figure 2 shows a view of the negative electrode.

Figure 1 shows a section of a device for the destruction of microorganisms in a dielectric liquid or gas, which contains a housing 1 of a cylindrical (or any other) shape, covers 2 from the ends with fittings 3 for supplying and discharging a medium cleaned from microorganisms, two plates 4 with openings both sides of the package of electrodes made of dielectric material, annular gaskets 5 between the plates and electrodes, and between electrodes made of dielectric material, electrodes 6 and 7. A negative voltage is applied to the electrodes 6 series DC high voltage and the electrodes 7 - the positive charge of the same voltage. Figure 2 shows the shape of the electrodes 6. The petals 8 have pointed edges (View A). The shape of the slots in the electrode 6 may be different, but it is desirable to sharpen the edges in the petals, which concentrates the electric charges and increases the intensity of charging microorganisms with negative charges. The electrodes 7 are made in the form of a stainless steel mesh.

The proposed device operates as follows.

The medium being cleaned from microorganisms enters through the nozzle 3 in the cover 2 into the device body 1, flows through the holes in the inlet plate 4 to the first negatively charged electrode 6, on which the microorganisms in this medium, in contact with the electrode surface, are negatively charged, repelled from it and move to the positively charged electrode (it is the next to the negatively charged electrode) and, since their charges are different, they are attracted to each other, i.e. a microorganism with a negative charge enters the electrode with a positive charge. Due to the fact that the voltage of the electric field is high (for example, 10 kV), an electric discharge occurs between opposite charges (electric current flows). When an electric current flows, heat is released (according to the Joule-Lenz law), and living organisms die. Thus, the destruction of microorganisms occurs on positive electrodes. However, due to the large number of microorganisms, they all will not be able to be destroyed at the first stage of getting rid of them (first pair of electrodes). Therefore, part of the microorganisms will be destroyed in the first stage, the next part in the second stage, the next part in the third stage, etc. The number of steps in the device will determine the degree of purification from microorganisms: the more steps, the more microorganisms will be destroyed.

The proposed method for the destruction of microorganisms, which is absolutely harmless to the staff, allows you to clean the microorganisms of the dielectric medium, be it, for example, aviation fuel or air supplied to the crew cabin, which prevents biodeterioration of equipment and human diseases. Preliminary tests gave a positive result.

Information sources

1. Gerasimenko A.A. Protection of cars against biodeterioration. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1984. - 113 p.

2. Description of the invention to the patent on the application. No. 2004106727/15, 02.03.2004. “A device for disinfecting and deodorizing air and indoor surfaces”, published on 02.27.2006.

3. US patent No. 5547635, MKI 6 A61L 2/00, application. November 10, 1993, publ. 08/20/1996.

4. Description of the invention to the patent "Method for the sterilization of materials using microwave radiation with high field strength and a device for implementing the method" according to the application. No. 99114320/13, 07/06/1999, published on 10.01.2001.

5. Description of the invention to the patent "Method for the disinfection of a liquid medium" on application. No. 94018619/26, 05.23.1994, published on 03/27/1997.

6. Yavorsky V.M., Seleznev Yu.A. A reference guide to physics for applicants to universities and for self-education. - M .: Nauka, 1989 .-- P.203.

Claims (2)

1. The method of purification of dielectric media from microorganisms, which consists in the fact that the microorganisms, together with the liquid or gaseous dielectric medium in which they are located, are passed through a system of conductive flat electrodes, to which a constant high voltage in the range from 5 to 25 kV is applied in pairs, moreover, the first electrode from the side of the medium being cleaned from microorganisms is negatively charged, the next electrode is positively charged, the third electrode is negatively charged, even the fourth electrode - positively charged, and so on, all the electrodes, and the electrodes themselves are located with their planes to each other at a distance of 2 to 6 mm from each other depending on the voltage on the electrodes, forming, when the voltage is connected, a pair of negatively charged and positively charged electrodes . 2. The device for cleaning dielectric media from microorganisms by the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a cylindrical body, on the ends of which there are covers with fittings for supplying and discharging the dielectric medium being cleaned from microorganisms and inside which there is a packet of electrodes located from each other at a distance of 2 to 6 mm, depending on the voltage at the electrodes, separated from each other and from the housing by dielectric spacers, the electrodes being connected in pairs to different poles yannogo high voltage electric source in size from 5 to 25 kV: the first electrode is cleaned by the receipt of microorganisms medium is negatively charged, the electrode following it - a positively charged, a third electrode - a negatively charged, the fourth electrode - positively charged and so all of the electrodes; the electrodes themselves are made as follows: the first electrode is a plate with slots, equipped with petals with pointed edges or needles to concentrate electric charges on them, and the next electrode is made in the form of a non-corrosive metal grid and the subsequent electrodes are pairwise made in the same way.

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