RU2430436C1 - Capsule for collection, storage and transporation of spilled solid radiation-hazardous and nuclear-hazardous materials at nuclear power engineering objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology.

SUBSTANCE: capsule for collection of spilled material consists of capacity for collection of spilled solid radioactive waste, the housing of which is made in the form of hollow cylinder with tight bottom and suction and discharge connection pipes located in upper part of the housing, shutoff device and suppression filter to suppress and accumulate spillage particles. At that, suppression filter is made from high-porous corrosion-resistant material and installed inside the housing before discharge connection pipe, and suction connection pipe is connected to suction channel made in the form of tube with the length corresponding to the filter length.

EFFECT: providing complete collection, storage and transportation of spillage of radioactive and nuclear materials, which is safe for maintenance personnel, possibility of installing the capsule for transportation in cells of standard covers of containers for fuel assemblies.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to nuclear energy and can be used for collection, temporary storage and transportation for long-term storage of radioactive and nuclear materials, such as nuclear waste (NF), both spent and fissile material, in the form of a spill of solid radioactive fragments of fuel elements in rooms and on the surfaces of nuclear power plant equipment. Spills can form, for example, when fuel assemblies (FAs) or a bundle of fuel elements (fuel elements) fall, or when cutting fuel assemblies into fuel bundles, or in other emergency situations. In this case, the formation of spills is possible both in the form of whole tablets, and in the form of their fragments of varying degrees of dispersion, which are solid radioactive and nuclear-hazardous materials that must be safely collected, temporarily stored and transported for disposal; intermediate or long-term storage.

A device is known (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1231126, MPK4, E02B 15/10, 1986) with which it is possible to remove waste from the bottom of a nuclear reactor or from the bottom of spent fuel storage pools of nuclear reactors. The device comprises a gripping device made in the form of a funnel, the base set down, a flexible hose for discharging waste, a mechanism for lowering and raising the funnel, a vacuum pump, a receiver connected to the vacuum pump through a stop valve. The device operates as follows. Using the mechanism for lowering, the gripping device is lowered to the bottom of the tank, the vacuum pump is turned on, which creates a vacuum in the receiver, where a stream of water flows through the flexible hose through the gripping device. This described known device does not provide for the removal of solid waste from the bottom of the tank, nor does it solve the problem of the disposal of radioactive waste.

The known system of water purification of pools ("Environmental protection at the enterprises of the nuclear industry" F.Z.Shiryaev, V.I. Karpov, V.M. Krupchatnikov and others - M .: Energoizdat, 1982, p.145). It includes a filtration unit (water purification from mechanical impurities), a desalination unit for water on ion-exchange columns, a unit for collecting and unloading solid radioactive waste. During purification, water is pumped through the filtration unit, where it is cleaned only of suspensions, solid waste is not collected. After the exhaustion of the resource, filters and other waste are transferred to special containers, which are stored there or sent for burial.

The disadvantages of the known vacuum methods for collecting spills are:

- low efficiency in the removal of coarse fragments of waste;

- contamination of vacuum cleaners or vacuum pumps with radioactive waste and, as a consequence, the need for their decontamination.

Since decontamination using industrial vacuum cleaners removes only surface finely dispersed radioactive contaminants, the internal surfaces, especially the dust collector and filter, become contaminated during the operation of such vacuum cleaners, which is dangerous for personnel performing decontamination work. In addition, the decontamination of a vacuum cleaner is very time consuming or completely impossible.

Closest to the claimed invention is a device according to patent RU 40687 "System for the collection and packaging of solid waste from the bottom of a nuclear reactor", IPC7, G21F 9/34, publ. 2004.09.20. The system includes a device for collecting solid waste and a case for storing solid waste, and the device for collecting waste contains a container for collecting solid waste, which is a vessel having a cone-shaped narrowing in the lower part with an opening, the diameter of which is conjugated with the diameter of the suction pipe, and the upper part of the nozzle for connecting to the pipeline of compressed air and the vacuum system through the receiver, and the pencil case is a vessel having a filter in the lower part and a conical shape in the upper part fishing with a hole. The suction pipe, which is able to move inside the tank using the actuator, performs the functions of suction of solid particles and the locking device in the lower position. The separator of solid particles located in the upper part of the suction pipe is a cone-shaped chipper with ribs welded to it at an angle to impart a rotational movement to the flow of water with solid particles. The case for packaging and subsequent transportation of solid particles is a vessel, in the upper part of which there is a cone-shaped narrowing with an opening that is associated with the diameter of the suction pipe, and in the lower part is a filter.

The specified device does not ensure the completeness of the collection of the spill, since it does not allow the removal of large solid fragments of nuclear materials from hard-to-reach places, surfaces with difficult terrain and equipment, and does not allow the use of regular means for transporting solid radioactive waste packed in a canister.

The objective of the invention is the provision of radiation and nuclear safety.

The invention provides a technical result, which consists in ensuring for service personnel and the environment a complete and safe collection, storage and transportation of spills of radioactive and nuclear hazardous materials at nuclear facilities.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a capsule for collecting a spill of solid radioactive waste at nuclear facilities, consisting of a container for collecting a spill of solid radioactive waste, the body of which is made in the form of a hollow cylinder with a sealed bottom and suction and discharge pipes located in the upper part of the body , a locking device and a locking filter installed in the capsule container for delaying and accumulating spill particles, the locking filter is made of highly porous corrosion-resistant th material and mounted within the housing prior to the discharging pipe and a suction pipe connected to a suction channel formed for example in the form of a tube, a length corresponding to the length of the barrier filter.

The locking filter eliminates the possibility of entrainment of the collected particles of the spill from the capsule by a stream of air, and the locking device allows the capsule to be stored and transported.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows the capsule for collecting spills of solid radioactive waste, figure 2 is a top view of the capsule, figure 3 is a section of the capsule by filter.

The capsule for collecting a spill of solid radioactive waste (Fig. 1) contains a container for collecting a spill of solid radioactive waste, the housing 1 of which is made in the form of a hollow cylinder with a sealed bottom and connecting suction 2 and outlet 3 (Fig. 2) nozzles located in the upper part of the housing for connecting the spill collection device and the vacuum pump or ejector, respectively. The capsule also contains a locking device, including a protective plug 4 (figure 1) and a cover 5 (figure 2), and a locking filter 6 (figure 3). In this case, the suction pipe 2 inside the capsule has a continuation in the form of a suction channel 7, designed to supply particles of SNF spill into the capsule and at the same time to protect the surface of the locking filter 6 from the mechanical impact of large particles. At the same time, the suction channel 7 is made in the form of a pipe with an inner diameter equal to the inner diameter of the suction pipe 2 and a length corresponding to the length of the capsule locking filter 6 and ending with a perforated tip, which ensures the nominal permeability of the capsule locking filter 6 until the capsule is filled with spill particles.

The locking filter 6, located inside the capsule, is designed to prevent the emission of solid particles of radiation-hazardous and nuclear-hazardous materials collected in the capsule that enter together with air and is a capsule locking element and forms a sealed system for collecting, storing and transporting radiation-hazardous and nuclear-hazardous spills without delaying the release of air from the capsule. The locking filter 6 is made in the form of a cylindrical element made of highly porous corrosion-resistant steel, which provides precision air cleaning. Inside the blocking filter 6, there is a suction channel 7 for supplying SNF spill particles into the cavity of the capsule and at the same time for protecting the surface of the blocking filter 6 from the mechanical impact of large particles.

Collection of spills in the capsule can be carried out as follows.

The capsule is located in a pencil case mounted in the lower box of the room. The capsule is in an upright position. A flexible hose with a suction nozzle is connected to the suction nozzle 2 of the capsule, and the suction pipe of the ejector is connected to the outlet nozzle 3 of the capsule. Moving a flexible hose with a suction nozzle, for example, using manipulators, collect spills. In this case, using an ejector in front of the outlet pipe 3, a vacuum is created. During SNF spill collection, the amount of vacuum in the suction pipe of the ejector is monitored. A sharp increase in dilution indicates capsule filling. The contents of the filled capsule to collect the spill are dried, followed by sealing the capsule with a protective stopper 4 and a cover 5. The locking filter 6 located inside the capsule ensures precise cleaning and eliminates the breakthrough of SNF particles entering the capsule together with air. The capsule has a safe geometry from the point of view of radiation and nuclear safety and is used to collect all spilled NM within the premises of a nuclear power plant, intermediate, temporary storage of radiation-hazardous and nuclear-dangerous spillage, and can also be installed for transportation of containers for fuel in standard cells assemblies.

Claims (1)

A capsule for collecting, storing and transporting a spill of solid radiation hazardous and nuclear hazardous materials at nuclear facilities, consisting of a container for collecting a spill of solid radioactive waste, the casing of which is made in the form of a hollow cylinder with a sealed bottom and a suction and outlet pipes, filter and locking device, characterized in that the filter is made of highly porous corrosion-resistant material and is installed inside the housing in front of the discharge pipe, and suction the suction pipe is connected to a suction channel located inside the filter and made, for example, in the form of a pipe with a length corresponding to the length of the filter.

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