RU2430213C1 - Berth on river with high amplitude of annual water levels variation in case of ice floating and method of its operation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: berth comprises a retaining wall from a rabbet, an anchor device, filling of a pocket between the wall and the coast, and a freezing system made in the form of at least one air freezing pipe. The freezing pipe is arranged in the fill along the retaining wall at the specified distance from the outer surface of the fill and at the specified distance from the retaining wall. The freezing pipe in the cold season of the year creates a bulge of a coupling unit in the fill of a horizontal frozen layer formed near the outer surface of the fill, and a vertical frozen layer formed near the retaining wall. The pipe comprises a drainage nozzle, the outlet hole of which is arranged above the water level in the river at low water. The nozzle is equipped with a stop device, and as the stop device is closed, the nozzle ensures self-flow discharge of water from the freezing pipe into the river, and water is produced from ice and/or hoar frost as the freezing pipe is blown in warm time of the year. The bottom of the coupling unit bulge is arranged below the rated minimum water level in the river during ice floating, and conditions a>c and b>k are met, where a - distance of the freezing pipe from the outer surface of the fill; c - thickness of the horizontal frozen layer before the first ice floating after the berth creation; b - distance of the freezing pipe from the retaining wall; k - thickness of the vertical frozen layer before the first ice floating after the berth creation. During operation of the berth the fill is frozen by means of the freezing pipe using atmospheric air in cold time of the year with the stop device on the drainage nozzle in closed condition. The freezing pipe is blown by atmospheric air in warm season of the year while the stop device on the drainage nozzle is in open condition.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of the freezing system operation, which in its turn increases reliability of the berth as a whole.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic structures, and more specifically to the quay embankments on rivers with high amplitude fluctuations in annual water levels during ice drift, mainly for the conditions of the North.

Known quay embankment in the form of a gravitational, pile or sheet pile wall, as well as through on gravity or frame supports [1].

The implementation of the quay embankment in the form of a gravitational wall is associated with high costs, and all other types of the embankment have insufficient stability against the effects of high ice loads, which in the conditions of northern rivers during spring movements and ice drift reach one hundred or more tons per linear meter of the embankment [2].

Known quay embankment, including a thin wall of sheet piling with load-bearing thermowells, which are coated with a heat-insulating layer and provide freezing of the soil at the base, anchor device and filling the sinus between the wall and the shore [3].

The well-known embankment is not reliable enough under conditions of high ice loads, especially at high amplitudes of fluctuations in annual water levels during ice drift. At the same time, thermowells have low maintainability due to the presence of kerosene in their cavities, and their heat-insulating layer is not protected from direct exposure to ice.

Known quay embankment on the river with a high amplitude of fluctuation in annual water levels during ice drift, including a retaining wall made of sheet piling, an anchor device, filling the sinus between the retaining wall and the shore and a freezing system that provides freezing of the filling with cold atmospheric air (liquid and vapor-liquid devices, freezing pipes) or cold from refrigeration units [4].

The disadvantages that impede the receipt of the technical result indicated below when using such the nearest quay embankment are as follows:

- high costs when freezing a large volume of backfill;

- high costs when freezing backfill using refrigeration units;

- the complexity of the work when freezing backfill with cold atmospheric air by means of liquid and vapor-liquid devices, while such freezing devices create inconvenience when operating the embankment;

- the complexity of the work of cleaning the freezing pipes from ice or hoarfrost in case of freezing the backfill with atmospheric air circulating in the freezing pipes, which reduces the reliability of the quay embankment as a whole and complicates its operation.

Indeed, as a result of the subsidence of hoarfrost on the inner surface of the freezing pipes operating due to the circulation of atmospheric cold air, heat transfer conditions worsen, and the hydraulic resistance increases significantly until the frost pipes and ice completely clog the pipes [5].

When operating such a quay embankment, its freezing pipes must be periodically cleaned, for example, by temporarily heating them with electric current and / or flushing water, followed by quick and complete removal of all water from the freezing pipes [5].

Periodic heating of the freezing pipes reduces the efficiency of the freezing system, which reduces the reliability of the quay embankment as a whole, and the work associated with the removal of water from the freezing pipes complicates the operation of the freezing system, and therefore, the quay embankment as a whole. All this prevents the receipt of the following technical result.

The task to which the claimed quay embankment on a river with a high amplitude of annual water level fluctuation during ice drift and the method of its operation are directed is to save money on creating a quay embankment and simplify operations during its operation.

The uniform technical results achieved in the implementation of the claimed group of inventions are the optimization of the location and volume of the frozen backfill and the simplification of the work carried out during the operation of the freezing system.

This problem is solved, and technical results are achieved by the fact that the quay embankment on the river with a high amplitude of annual water level fluctuation during ice drift includes a retaining wall made of sheet piling, an anchor device, backfilling of the sinus between the retaining wall and the shore, and a freezing system. This freezing system is made in the form of at least one air freezing tube, which is located in the filling along the retaining wall at a predetermined distance from the outer surface of the filling and at a predetermined distance from the retaining wall. In the cold season of the year, the freezing pipe, in the backfill, thickens the interface node of the seasonal horizontal frozen layer and the seasonal vertical frozen layer. The first layer is formed near the outer surface of the backfill, and the second is near the retaining wall. The freezing pipe contains a drain pipe, the outlet of which is located above the water level in the river at low water, and the drain pipe itself is equipped with a shut-off device and provides, with the shut-off device open, gravity-free release of water formed from ice and / or hoar from the freezing pipe into the river during freezing pipes in the warm season. The bottom of the thickening of the closure node is located below the estimated minimum water level in the river during ice drift, and the conditions are satisfied

a> c

and

b> k,

where a is the distance of the freezing pipe from the outer surface of the backfill;

c is the thickness of the horizontal frozen layer before the first ice drift after the creation of the quay quay;

in - the distance of the freezing pipe from the retaining wall;

k is the thickness of the vertical frozen layer before the first ice drift after the creation of the quay quay.

Additionally, the freezing system contains a sealed well, within the cavity of which there is a locking device for the drain pipe and a sealed inspection hatch of the freezing pipe, which has a diameter of at least 80 cm.

It is the location of the freezing pipe in the above-mentioned place of filling and its supply with a drain pipe made according to the above rules and equipped with a locking device, which helps to achieve the claimed technical results by the claimed group of inventions.

These technical results are achieved by the fact that in the method of operating a quay embankment on a river with a high amplitude of annual water level fluctuations during ice drift, including a retaining wall made of sheet piling, an anchor device, backfilling of the sinus between the wall and the shore and a freezing system made in the form of an air freezing pipe, located in the backfill and equipped with a drain pipe, the outlet of which is located above the water level in the river at low water and which is equipped with a locking device, freezing the deadbolt Pc through a freezing pipe is produced with atmospheric air in the cold season with a shut-off device closed on the drain pipe, and freezing pipe is blown with atmospheric air in the warm season with a shut-off device open on the drain pipe.

It is the blowing of the freezing pipe with atmospheric air during the warm season when the shut-off device is open on the drain pipe that provides free-flowing from the freezing pipe into the river of water formed from ice and / or hoarfrost when blowing the freezing pipe, which simplifies the operation during operation of the freezing system.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a cross section of a mooring embankment.

The quay embankment (hereinafter: the embankment) comprises a retaining wall 1 made of dowel with a concrete head 2, an anchor device consisting of anchor rods 3 and anchor plates 4, a backfill 5 located between the retaining wall 1 and the shore 6, and a freezing system made in at least one air freezing pipe 7. This pipe 7 is located in the filling 5 along the retaining wall 1 at a distance a from the outer surface 8 of the filling 5 and at a distance in from the retaining wall 1. The freezing pipe 7 produces during the cold season years in the backfill 5 thickening 9 of the conjugation unit 10 of the seasonal horizontal frozen layer 11 formed under the outer surface 8 of the backfill 5, and the seasonal vertical frozen layer 12 formed at the retaining wall 1. Moreover, the bottom 13 of the thickening 9 of the interface 10 is already before the first after creation the embankment falls below the estimated minimum level of 14 water in the river during ice drift.

The freezing pipe 7 contains a drain pipe 15, the outlet 16 of which is located above the water level 17 in the river 18 at low water. The drain pipe 15 is equipped with a shut-off device 19. With the shut-off device 19 open, the drain pipe 15 provides a gravity-free discharge from the freezing pipe 7 to the river 18 of water formed from ice and / or frost when the freezing pipe 7 is purged during the warm season.

The location of the freezing pipes 7 in the filling 5 is determined by the previously indicated distances a and b, which are assigned depending on local conditions and taking into account the heat engineering calculations, while the conditions are met

a> c

and

b> k,

where a is the distance of the freezing pipe from the outer surface of the backfill;

c - the thickness of the horizontal frozen layer before the first ice after the creation of the embankment;

in - the distance of the freezing pipe from the retaining wall;

to - the thickness of the vertical frozen layer before the first ice after the creation of the embankment.

The freezing system contains a sealed well 20, within the cavity of which there is a locking device 19 of the drain pipe 15 and a sealed inspection hatch 21 of the freezing pipe 7. This pipe 7 has a diameter of at least 80 cm and a longitudinal slope towards the well 20, the location of which is in the plan, as and ventilation unit 22 is installed by the project.

The drawing has the following additional symbols:

23 - water level (in winter);

24 - border of permafrost soils;

25 - the border of permafrost soils;

26 - ice field;

27 - the maximum water level in the river;

a is the distance of the freezing pipe from the outer surface of the backfill;

in - the thickness of the horizontal frozen layer before the first ice after the creation of the quay quay;

C is the distance of the freezing pipe from the retaining wall;

k is the thickness of the vertical frozen layer before the first ice drift after the creation of the quay quay;

P _in - ice load at high ice drift;

R _n - ice load at low ice drift.

The embankment works as follows.

In winter, with a low level of 23 water in the river 18 and a shut-off device 19 closed on the drain pipe 15, the ventilation device 22 circulates through the freezing pipe 7 of atmospheric air. By the end of winter, in backfill 5, as a result of natural freezing, a vertical frozen horizontal layer 11 forms near the outer surface 8 and a vertical frozen layer 12 near the retaining wall 1, and as a result of artificial freezing by the freezing pipe 7, a thickening 9 of the interface node 10 of frozen layers of horizontal 11 and vertical 12.

When using the annually freezing pipe 7 in the North, the inner boundary of the horizontal frozen layer 11 and thickening 9 moves inside the backfill 5 with the formation in the backfill 5 of permafrost soils with an internal border 24. At the same time, the border 25 of the permafrost soils of the coast 6 slowly moves towards the backfill 5 up to the backfill 5 before freezing the entire upper half of the backfill 5. The relatively large diameter of the freezing pipe 7 ensures its high maintainability and allows you to freeze the deadbolt in the first winter ku 5 on all sides by 4-5 meters over its entire length.

As with the high level of the ice field 26, and at its lowest level ice loads, respectively, and P _in P _n perceived retaining wall 1 and transferred to infill 5 frozen ground, and through it - to permafrost shore 6. For stability of the embankment is provided thereby when any level of ice drift. Without such artificial freezing of the backfill 5, the load-bearing capacity of the frozen layers, horizontal 11 and especially vertical 12, operating with low ice bending, may be insufficient. In this case, backfill of the filling 5 occurs, the head 2 is destroyed and the lock joints between the tongues are broken, mainly when the ice drift is low, which leads to high maintenance costs for repair work.

Frozen soils do not create active pressure on a vertical wall. However, when choosing a backfill material, deformability of soils should be taken into account when they are frozen. Soils should be non-porous, and an increase in their volume during freezing should not cause overvoltage in the elements of the anchor device.

The feature of operation of the described quay embankment is as follows:

- freezing of the filling by means of the freezing pipe 7 is performed by atmospheric air in the cold season with the locking device 19 closed on the drain pipe 15;

- the freezing pipe 7 is purged with atmospheric air during the warm season when the shut-off device 19 is open on the drain pipe 15.

The freezing pipe 7 is purged after ice and / or hoarfrost is detected in the cavity of the freezing pipe 7. The state of the cavity in the freezing pipe 7 is judged by the hydrodynamic parameters of the air flow, as well as by visual observation carried out when the hatch 21 is removed in the well 20. Water formed by blowing from ice and / or frost through the drain pipe 15 flows by gravity from the freezing pipe 7 into the river eighteen.

When operating the quay embankment, in order to maintain the operability of the freezing pipe 7, it is necessary to ensure the watertightness of the locking device 19, which is flooded by the river 18, and also to prevent the penetration of water into the well 20.

Information sources

1. Dzhunkovsky N.N. and others. Ports and port facilities. Part II. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1967. S.145-146.

2. Korenkov V.A. et al. The impact of ice on hydraulic structures // Transport construction, 1982, No. 10.

3. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 1092234, cl. EB02 3/06, publ. 05/15/1984.

4. Budin A.Ya. Thin retaining walls for North conditions. - L .: Stroyizdat, 1982. S. 9-29.

5. Anisimov V.A. Recovery of freezing columns of dams // Hydrotechnical construction, 1973, No. 2.

Claims (4)

1. A quay embankment on a river with a high amplitude of fluctuation in annual water levels during ice drift, including a retaining wall made of sheet piling, an anchor device, backfilling of the sinus between the retaining wall and the shore, and a freezing system made in the form of at least one air-freezing pipe, which it is located in the filling along the retaining wall at a predetermined distance from the outer surface of the filling and at a predetermined distance from the retaining wall and, in the cold season, in the filling, the horizontal conjugation unit is thickened ntal frozen layer formed near the outer surface of the backfill, and a vertical frozen layer formed near the retaining wall, while the freezing pipe contains a drain pipe, the outlet of which is located above the water level in the river at low water, and the drain pipe itself is equipped with a locking device and provides open locking device gravity release from the freezing pipe into the river of water formed from ice or frost while blowing the freezing pipe in the warm season, and the bottom of the thickening the interface node is located below the estimated minimum water level in the river during ice drift, and the conditions are met
a> s
and
b> k,
where a is the distance of the freezing pipe from the outer surface of the backfill;
c is the thickness of the horizontal frozen layer before the first ice drift after the creation of the quay quay;
in - the distance of the freezing pipe from the retaining wall;
k is the thickness of the vertical frozen layer before the first ice drift after the creation of the quay quay. 2. The quay embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that the freezing system comprises a well, within the cavity of which there is a locking device for the drain pipe and a sealed inspection hatch of the freezing pipe. 3. The quay embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that the freezing pipe has an inner diameter of at least 80 cm 4. A method of operating a quay embankment on a river with a high amplitude of fluctuation in annual water levels during ice drift, including a retaining wall made of sheet piling, an anchor device, filling the sinus between the wall and the shore, and a freezing system made in the form of an air freezing pipe located in the filling and equipped with a drain pipe, the outlet of which is located above the water level in the river at low water and which is equipped with a locking device, which consists in the fact that the freezing of the filling by means of a freezing produce atmospheric air pipe during the cold season when the spout is closed on the locking device, and a purge pipe freezing produce atmospheric air in the warm season in the open spout in the locking device.

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